GiellaLT

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Derivation overview

The table will be extended with more derivations.

From verbs

Dynamic passive derivations

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem  
sme +Der/PassL: čállit > čállojuvvot +Der/PassL: muitalit > muitaluvvot  
sme +Der/PassS: čállit > čállot not  
smj +Der/PassL: tjállet > tjáleduvvat +Der/PassL: subtsastit > subtsastuvvat  
smj +Der/PassS: tjállet > tjállut not  
smn +Der/Pass: čäälliđ > čalluđ +Der/Pass: muštâliđ > muštâluđ  
sma +Der/PassL: tjaeledh > tjaalasovvedh +Der/PassL: bïeljelidh > bïeljelovvedh  
sma +Der/PassS: OBS  
sje ? ? ?
sms ? ? ?

North Saami +Der/PassL is not lexicalised. +Der/PassL: someone has done the verb, e.g. “Uksa rahppojuvvui” (someone opened the door, “Uksa rahpasii”: here is not clear if someone opened the door, or if it opened of some other reason.)

+Der/PassL and +Der/PassS: usually same meaning. We lexicalise +Der/PassS with special meaning, e.g. lahppot, gávdnot. +Der/PassS only for Vowel stems.

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/halla: gávdnat > gávnnahallat not
smj +Der/PassD: gávnnat > gávnadallat not
smn ? -
sma +Der/htalle: gaavnedh > gaavnehtalledh not
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

North Saami +Der/halla-form is usually also lexicalised: gávnnahallat+V+IV+Pass+Inf (+Pass only for this form, so we could consider a +Der/PassH for this). +Der/halla derivations can also have frequentative meaning.

Meaning: juoga dáhpáhuvvá vahágis olbmui. The agent can be mentioned, in Illative.
“Son gávnnahalai johkafáktii dan dahkamin.”

Suggestion: sme:+Der/halla => +Der/PassH, sma:+Der/htalle => +Der/PassHT, smj:+Der/PassD

Continuative -d-

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/d: borrat > boradit +Der/adda ?
smj +Der/d: bårråt > bårådit x
smn +Der/d: puurrâđ > purâdiđ x
sma +Der/d: bïepmedh? > byöpmedidh x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

sme: -it-verbs has not dynamic derivation. Lexicalised -it gets -adit, e.g.: juohkit > juogadit
smj: also -it-verbs: báddit+V+Der/d+V+Inf, báddidit

Dynamic -st-

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/st: čállit > čálistit +Der/st: jorgalit > jorgalastit
smj +Der/st: tjállet > tjálestit x
smn +Der/st: čäälliđ > čälistiđ +Der/st: jurgâliđ > jurgâlistiđ
sma +Der/st: tjaeledh > tjaeliestidh x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

Dynamic -l-

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/l: vázzit > vázzilit not?
smj +Der/l: vádtset > vádtselit x
smn +Der/l: väzziđ > väzziliđ x
sma +Der/l: vaedtsedh > vaedtsielidh x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

Causative

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/h: čállit > čálihit +Der/Caus: jorgalit > jorgalahttit
smj +Der/d: tjállet > tjáledit +Der/Caus: jårggålit > jårggålahttet
smn +Der/tt: čäälliđ > čälittiđ +Der/Caus: jurgâliđ > jurgâlittiđ
sma +Der/ht: tjaeledh > tjaeliehtidh +Der/Caus: jarkoestidh > jarkoestehtedh
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

Inchoative long form

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/InchL: čállit > čálligoahtit +Der/InchL: jorgalit > jorgališgoahtit
smj +Der/InchL: tjállet > tjállegoahtet +Der/InchL: jårggålit > jårggålisjgoahtet
smn +Der/InchL: čäälliđ > čääliškyettiđ +Der/InchL: jurgâliđ > jurgâlškyettiđ
sma +Der/InchL: tjaeledh > tjaeliegåetedh +Der/InchL: jarkoestidh > ?
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

Smj: -ahttjat is another inchoative derivation: tjáledahttját > tjáledit+V+TV+Der/ahttjá+V+Inf

From verb to noun - the action

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/NomAct: čállit > čállin +Der/NomAct: oahpahit > oahpaheapmi
smj +Der/NomAct: tjállet > tjállem +Der/NomAct: åhpadit > åhpadibme
smn +Der/NomAct: čäälliđ > čäällim +Der/NomAct: máttááttiđ > máttááttem
sma +Der/NomAct: tjaeledh > tjaeleme +Der/NomAct: ööhpehtidh > ööhpehtimmie
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

From verb to noun

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/muš: dahkat > dahkamuš +Der/eamoš: jorgalit > jorgaleamoš
smj +Der/mus: dahkat > dahkamus x
smn +Der/mas: tutkâđ > tutkâmuš, tutkâmâš x
sma not dynamic: darjodh > darjomes x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

Suggestion: +Der/muš and +Der/eamoš > +Der/musj

From verb to noun - the actor

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/NomAg: čállit > čálli +Der/NomAg: oahpahit > oahpaheaddji
smj +Der/NomAg: tjállet > tjálle +Der/NomAg: åhpadit > åhpadiddje
smn +Der/NomAg: čäälliđ > čällee +Der/NomAg: máttááttiđ > máttáátteijee
sma +Der/NomAg: tjaeledh > tjaelije +Der/NomAg: ööhpehtidh > ööhpehtæjja
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

From verb to adjective

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/geahtes: čállit > čálekeahtes x
smj +Der/ahtes: tjaeledh > tjállemahtes x
smn x x
sma x x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

smj: Derived from +Der/NomAct form: tjállet+V+TV+Der/NomAct+N+Der/ahtes+A+Attr

From noun

Diminutive

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/Dimin: mánná > mánáš +Der/Dimin: beana > beatnagaš
smj +Der/Dimin: mánná > mánásj +Der/Dimin: bena > bednagasj
smn +Der/Dimin: nieidâ > nieidâš +Der/Dimin: x
sma +Der/Dimin: maana > maanetje +Der/Dimin: åerpele > åerpieladtje
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

Caritives

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/geahtes SUB: mánná > mánákeahtes +Der/geahtes: isit > isitkeahtes
smj x +Der/ahtes: iset > isedahtes
smn x x
sma x x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?
Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/Car: beallji > bealjeheapme +Der/Car: beana > beanaheapme
smj +Der/Car: biellje > bieljedibme x
smn +Der/Car: pelji > peljittem +Der/Car: nissoon > nissoonttem
sma +Der/Car: bieljie > bieljehts x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

From noun to adjective

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/lasj: mánná > mánálaš +Der/lasj: nisson > nissonlaš
smj +Der/lasj: mánná > mánálasj not
smn +Der/lasj: nieidâ > nieidâlâš +Der/lasj: nissoon > nissoonlâš
sma x x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

smj: +Der/lasj only takes even syllable stems

From noun to noun : a person from that place

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/lasj: Oslo > oslolaš +Der/lasj: Bergen > bergenlaš
smj +Der/lasj: Oslo > oslolasj x
smn x x
sma x x
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

From adjective

From adjective to adjective, part 1

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem Comment
sme x dearvvas > dearvvaslaš not dynamic
smj x x -
smn x +Der/lasj: tiervâs > tiervâslâš -
sma x x -
sje ? ? ?
sms ? ? ?

smj: No -lasj derivation for adjectives.

From adjective to adjective, part 2

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem Comment
sme x +Der/laakan: fiskat > fiskeslágan not dynamic
smj x x x
smn x +Der/laakan: fiskâd > fiskislágán -
sma x x -
sje ? ? ?
sms ? ? ?

smj: -lágásj is cmp, not derivation

From adjective to adverb

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/AAdv: x +Der/AAdv: viššal > viššalit
smj +Der/AAdv: x +Der/AAdv: vissjal > vissjalit
smn +Der/AAdv: x +Der/AAdv: viššâl > viššâlávt
sma x +Der/laakan: rudtjege > rudtjegelaakan
sje ? ?
sms ? ?

From adjective to noun

Lang.   Vowel stem  Consonant stem
sme +Der/vuota: x +Der/vuota: viššal > viššalvuohta
smj +Der/vuota: x +Der/vuota: vissjal > vissjalisvuohta
smn +Der/vuota: x +Der/vuota: x
sma +Der/vuota: x +Der/vuota: rudtjege > rudtjegevoete
sje ? ?
sms ? ?