Derivation overview
The table will be extended with more derivations.
From verbs
Dynamic passive derivations
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
|
sme |
+Der/PassL: čállit > čállojuvvot |
+Der/PassL: muitalit > muitaluvvot |
|
sme |
+Der/PassS: čállit > čállot |
not |
|
smj |
+Der/PassL: tjállet > tjáleduvvat |
+Der/PassL: subtsastit > subtsastuvvat |
|
smj |
+Der/PassS: tjállet > tjállut |
not |
|
smn |
+Der/Pass: čäälliđ > čalluđ |
+Der/Pass: muštâliđ > muštâluđ |
|
sma |
+Der/PassL: tjaeledh > tjaalasovvedh |
+Der/PassL: bïeljelidh > bïeljelovvedh |
|
sma |
+Der/PassS: |
OBS |
|
sje |
? |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
? |
North Saami +Der/PassL is not lexicalised.
+Der/PassL: someone has done the verb, e.g. “Uksa rahppojuvvui” (someone opened the door,
“Uksa rahpasii”: here is not clear if someone opened the door, or if it opened of some other reason.)
+Der/PassL and +Der/PassS: usually same meaning. We lexicalise +Der/PassS with special meaning,
e.g. lahppot, gávdnot. +Der/PassS only for Vowel stems.
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/halla: gávdnat > gávnnahallat |
not |
smj |
+Der/PassD: gávnnat > gávnadallat |
not |
smn |
? |
- |
sma |
+Der/htalle: gaavnedh > gaavnehtalledh |
not |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
North Saami +Der/halla-form is usually also lexicalised: gávnnahallat+V+IV+Pass+Inf (+Pass only for this form, so we could consider a +Der/PassH for this).
+Der/halla derivations can also have frequentative meaning.
Meaning: juoga dáhpáhuvvá vahágis olbmui. The agent can be mentioned, in Illative.
“Son gávnnahalai johkafáktii dan dahkamin.”
Suggestion: sme:+Der/halla => +Der/PassH, sma:+Der/htalle => +Der/PassHT, smj:+Der/PassD
Continuative -d-
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/d: borrat > boradit |
+Der/adda ? |
smj |
+Der/d: bårråt > bårådit |
x |
smn |
+Der/d: puurrâđ > purâdiđ |
x |
sma |
+Der/d: bïepmedh? > byöpmedidh |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
sme: -it-verbs has not dynamic derivation. Lexicalised -it gets -adit, e.g.: juohkit > juogadit
smj: also -it-verbs: báddit+V+Der/d+V+Inf, báddidit
Dynamic -st-
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/st: čállit > čálistit |
+Der/st: jorgalit > jorgalastit |
smj |
+Der/st: tjállet > tjálestit |
x |
smn |
+Der/st: čäälliđ > čälistiđ |
+Der/st: jurgâliđ > jurgâlistiđ |
sma |
+Der/st: tjaeledh > tjaeliestidh |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
Dynamic -l-
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/l: vázzit > vázzilit |
not? |
smj |
+Der/l: vádtset > vádtselit |
x |
smn |
+Der/l: väzziđ > väzziliđ |
x |
sma |
+Der/l: vaedtsedh > vaedtsielidh |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
Causative
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/h: čállit > čálihit |
+Der/Caus: jorgalit > jorgalahttit |
smj |
+Der/d: tjállet > tjáledit |
+Der/Caus: jårggålit > jårggålahttet |
smn |
+Der/tt: čäälliđ > čälittiđ |
+Der/Caus: jurgâliđ > jurgâlittiđ |
sma |
+Der/ht: tjaeledh > tjaeliehtidh |
+Der/Caus: jarkoestidh > jarkoestehtedh |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/InchL: čállit > čálligoahtit |
+Der/InchL: jorgalit > jorgališgoahtit |
smj |
+Der/InchL: tjállet > tjállegoahtet |
+Der/InchL: jårggålit > jårggålisjgoahtet |
smn |
+Der/InchL: čäälliđ > čääliškyettiđ |
+Der/InchL: jurgâliđ > jurgâlškyettiđ |
sma |
+Der/InchL: tjaeledh > tjaeliegåetedh |
+Der/InchL: jarkoestidh > ? |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
Smj: -ahttjat is another inchoative derivation: tjáledahttját > tjáledit+V+TV+Der/ahttjá+V+Inf
From verb to noun - the action
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/NomAct: čállit > čállin |
+Der/NomAct: oahpahit > oahpaheapmi |
smj |
+Der/NomAct: tjállet > tjállem |
+Der/NomAct: åhpadit > åhpadibme |
smn |
+Der/NomAct: čäälliđ > čäällim |
+Der/NomAct: máttááttiđ > máttááttem |
sma |
+Der/NomAct: tjaeledh > tjaeleme |
+Der/NomAct: ööhpehtidh > ööhpehtimmie |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
From verb to noun
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/muš: dahkat > dahkamuš |
+Der/eamoš: jorgalit > jorgaleamoš |
smj |
+Der/mus: dahkat > dahkamus |
x |
smn |
+Der/mas: tutkâđ > tutkâmuš, tutkâmâš |
x |
sma |
not dynamic: darjodh > darjomes |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
Suggestion: +Der/muš and +Der/eamoš > +Der/musj
From verb to noun - the actor
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/NomAg: čállit > čálli |
+Der/NomAg: oahpahit > oahpaheaddji |
smj |
+Der/NomAg: tjállet > tjálle |
+Der/NomAg: åhpadit > åhpadiddje |
smn |
+Der/NomAg: čäälliđ > čällee |
+Der/NomAg: máttááttiđ > máttáátteijee |
sma |
+Der/NomAg: tjaeledh > tjaelije |
+Der/NomAg: ööhpehtidh > ööhpehtæjja |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
From verb to adjective
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/geahtes: čállit > čálekeahtes |
x |
smj |
+Der/ahtes: tjaeledh > tjállemahtes |
x |
smn |
x |
x |
sma |
x |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
smj: Derived from +Der/NomAct form: tjállet+V+TV+Der/NomAct+N+Der/ahtes+A+Attr
From noun
Diminutive
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/Dimin: mánná > mánáš |
+Der/Dimin: beana > beatnagaš |
smj |
+Der/Dimin: mánná > mánásj |
+Der/Dimin: bena > bednagasj |
smn |
+Der/Dimin: nieidâ > nieidâš |
+Der/Dimin: x |
sma |
+Der/Dimin: maana > maanetje |
+Der/Dimin: åerpele > åerpieladtje |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
Caritives
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/geahtes SUB: mánná > mánákeahtes |
+Der/geahtes: isit > isitkeahtes |
smj |
x |
+Der/ahtes: iset > isedahtes |
smn |
x |
x |
sma |
x |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/Car: beallji > bealjeheapme |
+Der/Car: beana > beanaheapme |
smj |
+Der/Car: biellje > bieljedibme |
x |
smn |
+Der/Car: pelji > peljittem |
+Der/Car: nissoon > nissoonttem |
sma |
+Der/Car: bieljie > bieljehts |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
From noun to adjective
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/lasj: mánná > mánálaš |
+Der/lasj: nisson > nissonlaš |
smj |
+Der/lasj: mánná > mánálasj |
not |
smn |
+Der/lasj: nieidâ > nieidâlâš |
+Der/lasj: nissoon > nissoonlâš |
sma |
x |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
smj: +Der/lasj only takes even syllable stems
From noun to noun : a person from that place
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/lasj: Oslo > oslolaš |
+Der/lasj: Bergen > bergenlaš |
smj |
+Der/lasj: Oslo > oslolasj |
x |
smn |
x |
x |
sma |
x |
x |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
From adjective
From adjective to adjective, part 1
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
Comment |
sme |
x |
dearvvas > dearvvaslaš |
not dynamic |
smj |
x |
x |
- |
smn |
x |
+Der/lasj: tiervâs > tiervâslâš |
- |
sma |
x |
x |
- |
sje |
? |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
? |
smj: No -lasj derivation for adjectives.
From adjective to adjective, part 2
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
Comment |
sme |
x |
+Der/laakan: fiskat > fiskeslágan |
not dynamic |
smj |
x |
x |
x |
smn |
x |
+Der/laakan: fiskâd > fiskislágán |
- |
sma |
x |
x |
- |
sje |
? |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
? |
smj: -lágásj is cmp, not derivation
From adjective to adverb
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/AAdv: x |
+Der/AAdv: viššal > viššalit |
smj |
+Der/AAdv: x |
+Der/AAdv: vissjal > vissjalit |
smn |
+Der/AAdv: x |
+Der/AAdv: viššâl > viššâlávt |
sma |
x |
+Der/laakan: rudtjege > rudtjegelaakan |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |
From adjective to noun
Lang. |
Vowel stem |
Consonant stem |
sme |
+Der/vuota: x |
+Der/vuota: viššal > viššalvuohta |
smj |
+Der/vuota: x |
+Der/vuota: vissjal > vissjalisvuohta |
smn |
+Der/vuota: x |
+Der/vuota: x |
sma |
+Der/vuota: x |
+Der/vuota: rudtjege > rudtjegevoete |
sje |
? |
? |
sms |
? |
? |