Skolt Saami noun morphology

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• Unclassified words
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: puåvâž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: siâkkâž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• FORMS
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)
• 2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e
• 2.1.3.3 Lacks Gradation (in last syllable)
• 2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong
• 2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom long vowel AND Short consonant
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade
• a-stems
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: laainuž (2009: 310)
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMSx
• (1) Sg.Nom: kåhtt
• (2) Pl.Nom: kååut
• (3) Sg.Ill: kohttu
• (4) Sg.Loc: kååutast
• (5) Sg.Com: kååutain
• (6) Ess: kåhttan
• (7) Par: kåhttad
• (8) Pl.Acc: kååutaid
• (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kooutuž (2009: 310)
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)
• 1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: meârkk
• (2) Pl.Nom: meârk
• (3) Sg.Ill: mieʹrǩǩe
• (4) Sg.Loc: meârkâst
• (5) Sg.Com: meârkin
• (6) Ess: meârkkân
• (7) Par: meârkkâd
• (8) Pl.Acc: meârkid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: meârkâž
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.0.2.0 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.0.2.0 Lack Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.0.2.0 Lack Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)
• FORMS
• (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: piâlduž (2009: 310)
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)
• FORMS
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Lacks Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: stuuʹl
• (2) Pl.Nom: stuuʹl
• (3) Sg.Ill: stooula
• (4) Sg.Loc: stuuʹlest
• (5) Sg.Com: stuuʹlin
• (6) Ess: stuuʹlen
• (7) Par: stuuʹled
• (8) Pl.Acc: stuuʹlid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: stooulaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹrčč
• (2) Pl.Nom: kuuʹrč
• (3) Sg.Ill: korčča
• (4) Sg.Loc: kuuʹrčest
• (5) Sg.Com: kuuʹrčin
• (6) Ess: kuʹrččen
• (7) Par: kuʹrččed
• (8) Pl.Acc: kuuʹrčid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: koorčaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹrčč
• (2) Pl.Nom: kuuʹrč
• (3) Sg.Ill: korčča
• (4) Sg.Loc: kuuʹrčest
• (5) Sg.Com: kuuʹrčin
• (6) Ess: kuʹrččen
• (7) Par: kuʹrččed
• (8) Pl.Acc: kuuʹrčid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: koorčaž
• (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹrčč
• (2) Pl.Nom: kuuʹrč
• (3) Sg.Ill: korčča
• (4) Sg.Loc: kuuʹrčest
• (5) Sg.Com: kuuʹrčin
• (6) Ess: kuʹrččen
• (7) Par: kuʹrččed
• (8) Pl.Acc: kuuʹrčid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: koorčaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹvǯǯ
• (2) Pl.Nom: kuʼvǯ
• (3) Sg.Ill: kouǯǯa
• (4) Sg.Loc: kuʹvǯest
• (5) Sg.Com: kuʹvǯin
• (6) Ess: kuʹvǯǯen
• (7) Par: kuʹvǯǯed
• (8) Pl.Acc: kuʹvǯid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kouǯaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: tuʹvǩǩ
• (2) Pl.Nom: tuuʹǩ
• (3) Sg.Ill: toukka
• (4) Sg.Loc: tuuʹǩest
• (5) Sg.Com: tuuʹǩin
• (6) Ess: tuʹvǩǩen
• (7) Par: tuʹvǩǩed
• (8) Pl.Acc: tuuʹǩid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: tooukaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: juʹvjj
• (2) Pl.Nom: juuʹj
• (3) Sg.Ill: joujja
• (4) Sg.Loc: juuʹjest
• (5) Sg.Com: juuʹjin
• (6) Ess: juʹvjjen
• (7) Par: juʹvjjed
• (8) Pl.Acc: juuʹjid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: jooujaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: kueʹll
• (2) Pl.Nom: kueʼl
• (3) Sg.Ill: kuâlˈla
• (4) Sg.Loc: kueʹlest
• (5) Sg.Com: kuõʹlin ~ kueʹlin
• (6) Ess: kueʹllen
• (7) Par: kueʹlled
• (8) Pl.Acc: kuõʹlid ~ kueʹlid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kuâlaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• (5) Sg.Com: kuõʹssin ~ kueʹssin
• (6) Ess: kueʹsˈsen
• (7) Par: kueʹsˈsed
• (8) Pl.Acc: kuõʹssid ~ kueʹssid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kuâssaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• (5) Sg.Com: miõʹllin ~ mieʹllin
• (6) Ess: mieʹlˈlen
• (7) Par: mieʹlˈled
• (8) Pl.Acc: miõʹllid ~ mieʹllid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: meâllaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: sueiʹnn
• (2) Pl.Nom: sueiʼn
• (3) Sg.Ill: sueinna
• (4) Sg.Loc: sueiʹnest
• (5) Sg.Com: sueiʹnin
• (6) Ess: sueiʹnnen
• (7) Par: sueiʹnned
• (8) Pl.Acc: sueiʹnid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: sueinaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹmnn
• (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹmn
• (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâmnna
• (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹmnest
• (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹmnin
• (6) Ess: ǩeʹmnnen
• (7) Par: ǩeʹmnned
• (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹmnid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâmnaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)
• 1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u
• 1.2.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.2.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.2.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.2.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)
• FORMS
• e-stems
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• (8) Pl.Acc: pââʹjid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pââjjaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹdd
• (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹdd
• (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâdˈda
• (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹddest
• (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹddin
• (6) Ess: ǩeʹdden
• (7) Par: ǩeʹdded
• (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹddid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâddaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹmnn
• (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹmn
• (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâmnna
• (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹmnest
• (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹmnin
• (6) Ess: ǩeʹmnnen
• (7) Par: ǩeʹmnned
• (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹmnid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâmnaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: täʹhtt
• (3) Sg.Ill: tähtta
• (4) Sg.Loc: tääutest
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• (8) Pl.Acc: pieʹzzid
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• (8) Pl.Acc: pieʹzzid
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: vuẹiʹvv
• (2) Pl.Nom: vuẹiʼv
• (3) Sg.Ill: vuäivva
• (4) Sg.Loc: vuẹiʹvest
• (5) Sg.Com: vueiʹvin
• (6) Ess: vuẹiʹvven
• (7) Par: vuẹiʹvved
• (8) Pl.Acc: vueiʹvid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: vuäivaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: čuäʹrvv
• (2) Pl.Nom: čuẹʼrv
• (3) Sg.Ill: čuärvva
• (4) Sg.Loc: čuẹʹrvest
• (5) Sg.Com: čueʹrvin
• (6) Ess: čuäʹrvven
• (7) Par: čuäʹrvved
• (8) Pl.Acc: čueʹrvid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: čuärvaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: čuäʹrvv
• (2) Pl.Nom: čuẹʼrv
• (3) Sg.Ill: čuärvva
• (4) Sg.Loc: čuẹʹrvest
• (5) Sg.Com: čueʹrvin
• (6) Ess: čuäʹrvven
• (7) Par: čuäʹrvved
• (8) Pl.Acc: čueʹrvid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: čuärvaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: neuʹll
• (2) Pl.Nom: neeuʹl
• (3) Sg.Ill: neâulla
• (4) Sg.Loc: neeuʹlest
• (5) Sg.Com: neeuʹlin
• (6) Ess: neuʹllen
• (7) Par: neuʹlled
• (8) Pl.Acc: neeuʹlid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: neâulaž
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization
• 1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• FORMS
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e
• 1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)
• 1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)
• FORMS
• FORMS
• FORMS
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)
• 1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 1.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e
• 1.1.3.2 LACKS Gradation
• 1.1.3.2.1 Monophthong
• 1.1.3.2.1.1 Consonant Geminate
• 1.1.3.2.1.1.2 Sg.Nom Strong Grade
• 1.1.3.2.1.1.2.2.Sg.Gen Strong Grade
• 1.1.3.2.1.1.2.2.2 Sg.Ill Strong Grade
• 2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)
• 2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e
• 2.1.3.3 Lacks Gradation (in last syllable)
• 2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong
• 2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom long vowel AND Short consonant
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade
• 2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)
• 2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e
• 2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable
• 2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong
• 2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade
• 2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)
• 2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e
• 2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable
• 2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong
• 2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade
• 2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)
• 2.1 Sg.Loc in -ast. a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -a
• 2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable
• 2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong
• 2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade
• 2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill extra Strong Grade
• CLASS 2 NOMINALS with high stem vowel and i-stems
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)
• 1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)
• 1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a
• 1.3.2.2 Lacks Palatalization
• 1.3.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation
• 1.3.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation
• 1.3.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)
• FORMS
• (1) Sg.Nom: muuʒ
• (2) Pl.Nom: muvʒʒi
• (3) Sg.Ill: muvʒʒǥa
• (4) Sg.Loc: muvʒʒjest
• (5) Sg.Com: muvʒʒin
• (6) Ess: muvʒʒen
• (7) Par: muvʒʒed
• (8) Pl.Acc: muvʒʒjid
• (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom:
• u-stems
• 1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 228)
• 1.2 Sg.Loc in -ust. u-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 1.2.3 Sg.Ill in raised vowel and -u
• 1.2.3.1 Has Gradation
• 1.2.3.1.1 Monophthong
• 1.2.3.1.1.1 Consonant Geminate (W2XSt)
• 1.2.3.1.1.1.1 Sg.Nom Weak Grade
• 1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.Sg.Gen Extra Strong Grade
• 1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.3 Sg.Ill Extra Strong Grade
• 1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.3.Q All but Sg.Nom are raised vowels
• m-stems
• n-stems
• 2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 252)
• 2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a
• 2.3.2.2 LACKS Gradation
• 2.3.2.2.1 Penultimate stem vowel loss: (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Gen, Pl.Acc, Pl.Ill, Pl.Loc, Pl.Com, Pl.Abe)
• 2.3.2.2.1.1 The Sg.Com vowel i appears before final n
• 2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 252)
• 2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• 2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a
• 2.3.2.2
• 2.3.2.2.1 Penultimate stem vowel loss: (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Gen, Pl.Acc, Pl.Ill, Pl.Loc, Pl.Com, Pl.Abe)
• 2.3.2.2.1.1 The Sg.Com vowel i appears before final n
• s:z-stem type
• -stems
• e-a-stems
• Stem types from the grammar
• k-stems
• i-stems
• neǩ-stem
  • Noun phrase heads
  • Pl
  • Number and case tags
• POSSESSIVE DECLENSION
  • HatY-STEM-PX
  • A-STEM-PX
  • E-STEM-PX
  • LOAOADDAZH-STEM-PX
  • VOONYS-STEM-PX
• Adjectives – to be moved
  • Vowel-final stem for PX

Skolt Saami noun morphology

This file documents the Skolt Saami noun morphology, lexicon by lexicon. cf. Mosnikoff et al 2020: 356 the notions of vowels in 9 rows A–I, and 5 columns |(A)|a|ä|aʹ|äʹ|äʹ| |(B)|õ|â|õʹ|âʹ|âʹ| |(C)|u|o|uʹ|oʹ|uʹ| |(D)|o|å|oʹ|åʹ|åʹ| |(E)|i|e|iʹ|eʹ|eʹ| |(F)|uõ|uâ|uõʹ|ueʹ (<uâʹ)| ueʹ| |(G)|uå|uä|ueʹ (<uåʹ)|uäʹ/uẹʹ|uẹ /uäʹ| |(H)|iõ|eâ|iõʹ|ieʹ (<eâʹ)|ieʹ (<eâʹ)| |(I)|iâ|eä|ieʹ (<*iâʹ)|eäʹ/uẹʹ|eäʹ/uẹʹ|

F4,F5, G4, G5, H4, H5, I4, I5 are problematic, and for this reason they are not given as in the book, diphthong + XX and YX -> uẹʹ, iẹʹ diphthong + XˈX and YXX -> uäʹ, eäʹ column 1 is high; column 2 is low; column 3 is high with soft sign; column 4 represents (vowel + XˈX and YXX) context found in +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 (cf. Mosnikoff et al 2020) column 5 is low with monophthongs and analogically low with diphthongs (see Rueter, 2025 )

Unclassified words

• LEXICON N_ FOR (STILL) UNCLASSIFIED INCOMING NOUNS.

IRREGULAR NOUN nijdd

• LEXICON N_NIJDD nijdd:ni

• LEXICON NMN_NIJDD nijdd:ni
• Yaml: N-nijdd NMN_1Â_IJCC
• :jdd SG-NOM ; nijdd
• :jdd%>â ESS/PAR ; nijddân, nijddâd strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization
• :{ʹØ}jdd^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; niʹjdde strong_geminate, long_vowel
• :õđ SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; niõđ
• :õđ%>â SG-LOC ; niõđâst

• :õđ SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; niõđ, niõđid, niõđid, niõđin, niõđivuiʹm, niõđitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:õđ N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; niõđ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:õ{ʹØ}đ^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; niõʹđ-

• +Err/GenreLeudd:õđâ SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; niõđ Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:õđâ SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• nijdd # examples:*
• nijdd: nijdd+N+Sg+Nom
• niõđ: nijdd+N+Sg+Gen
• niõđ: nijdd+N+Sg+Acc
• niʹjdde: nijdd+N+Sg+Ill
• niõđâst: nijdd+N+Sg+Loc
• niõđstad: nijdd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• niõđin: nijdd+N+Sg+Com
• nijddân: nijdd+N+Ess
• nijddâd: nijdd+N+Par
• niõđtaa: nijdd+N+Sg+Abe
• niõđ: nijdd+N+Pl+Nom
• niõđi: nijdd+N+Pl+Gen
• niõđid: nijdd+N+Pl+Acc
• niõđid: nijdd+N+Pl+Ill
• niõđin: nijdd+N+Pl+Loc
• niõđivuiʹm: nijdd+N+Pl+Com
• niõđitaa: nijdd+N+Pl+Abe
• niõđâž: nijdd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom
• niõʹđe: nijdd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON N_1Â_VCC papp:pa^1VOW{ʹØ}pp similar_to: N_PESS pa{a0}{ʹ0}{p0}p V{V0}{ʹ0}{C0}C Sg_Nom: high-vowel=yes monophthong=yes long-vowel=yes palatalization=no consonantism=quant-gem long-consonant=yes

1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel

geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel

geminate”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-papp strong_geminate, short_vowel
• : SG-NOM ; papp
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; pappân, pappâd

strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization

• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; paʹppe
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: paʹppi

strong_geminate, long_vowel

• :^V2VV SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; paapp
• :^V2VV%>â SG-LOC ; paappâst

• :^V2VV SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; paappi, paappid, paappid, paappin, paappivuiʹm, paappitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paapp-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹpp- papp+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 paʹpstes

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg3 pp:p papstes

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; papp
• :^V2VV PL-NOM ; paapp
• :^V2VV PL-OBL ; paappi, paappid, paappid, paappin, paappivuiʹm, paappitaa

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; pappân, pappâd

• papp # examples:*
• papp: papp+N+Sg+Nom
• paapp: papp+N+Sg+Gen
• paapp: papp+N+Sg+Acc
• paʹppe: papp+N+Sg+Ill
• paappâst: papp+N+Sg+Loc
• papstan: papp+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• paappstan: papp+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• paappin: papp+N+Sg+Com
• pappân: papp+N+Ess
• pappâd: papp+N+Par
• paapptaa: papp+N+Sg+Abe
• paapp: papp+N+Pl+Nom
• paappi: papp+N+Pl+Gen
• paappid: papp+N+Pl+Acc
• paappid: papp+N+Pl+Ill
• paappin: papp+N+Pl+Loc
• paappivuiʹm: papp+N+Pl+Com
• paappitaa: papp+N+Pl+Abe
• paappâž: papp+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• paaʹppe: papp+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• Yaml: N-pakk strong_geminate, short_vowel
• : SG-NOM ; papp
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; pappân, pappâd

strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization

• :^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; paʹppe
• :^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: paʹppi

strong_geminate, long_vowel

• :^V2VV SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; paapp
• :^V2VV%>â SG-LOC ; paappâst

• :^V2VV SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; paappi, paappid, paappid, paappin, paappivuiʹm, paappitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paapp-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹpp- papp+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 paʹpstes

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg3 pp:p papstes

• LEXICON N_1Â_VYKK_errorth
• LEXICON N_1Â_VYKK algg:a^1VOW{ʹØ}lgg

• Yaml: N-algg

• : SG-NOM ; põrtt

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; põõrt
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; põʹrtte
• :^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; põʹrtti
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; põõrtâst
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; põõrtin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; põõrti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; põõrt-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; põõʹrt-

• LEXICON N_1Â_VYXX põrtt:põ^1VOW{ʹØ}rtt Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_xyy similar_to: N_TAALKYS, N_KOONTYR 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|short_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-algg

• : SG-NOM ; põrtt

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; põõrt
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; põʹrtte
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; põʹrtti
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; põõrtâst
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; põõrtin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; põõrti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; põõrt-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; põõʹrt-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL-ALLEGRO ; põʹrt-

• LEXICON N_1Â_VYKK_PL aalǥ:algg
• LEXICON NMN_1Â_VYKK_PL aalǥ:algg
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; põrtt
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; põõrti

• LEXICON N_1Â_VYXX_PL põõrt:põrtt
• LEXICON NMN_1Â_VYXX_PL põõrt:põrtt
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; põrtt
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; põõrti

• algg # examples:*
• algg: algg+N+Sg+Nom
• aalǥ: algg+N+Sg+Gen
• aalǥ: algg+N+Sg+Acc
• aʹlǧǧe: algg+N+Sg+Ill
• aalǥâst: algg+N+Sg+Loc
• alǥstan: algg+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• aalǥstan: algg+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• aalǥin: algg+N+Sg+Com
• alggân: algg+N+Ess
• alggâd: algg+N+Par
• alǥtaa: algg+N+Sg+Abe
• aalǥ: algg+N+Pl+Nom
• aalǥi: algg+N+Pl+Gen
• aalǥid: algg+N+Pl+Acc
• aalǥid: algg+N+Pl+Ill
• aalǥin: algg+N+Pl+Loc
• aalǥivuiʹm: algg+N+Pl+Com
• aalǥitaa: algg+N+Pl+Abe
• aalǥâž: algg+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• aaʹlje: algg+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Â_VUKK joukk:jo^1VOWu{ʹØ}kk

• Yaml: N-autt

• : SG-NOM ; autt
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; aaut
• :^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; auʹtte
• :^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; auʹtte
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; aautâst
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; aautin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; auttân
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; aaut

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; aauti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; aaut-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; aauʹt-

• LEXICON N_1Â_VUCC autt:a^1VOWu{ʹØ}tt Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_vyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|long_V-cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|short_V-cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-autt

• : SG-NOM ; autt
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; aaut
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; auʹtte
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; auʹtte
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; aautâst
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; aautin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; auttân
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; aaut

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; aauti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; aaut-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; aauʹt-

• LEXICON N_1Â_VUCC_PL aaut:a^1VOWu{ʹØ}tt
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; autt
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; auttân
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; aaut

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; aauti

• autt # examples:*
• autt: autt+N+Sg+Nom
• aaut: autt+N+Sg+Gen
• aaut: autt+N+Sg+Acc
• auʹtte: autt+N+Sg+Ill
• aautâst: autt+N+Sg+Loc
• autstan: autt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• aautin: autt+N+Sg+Com
• auttân: autt+N+Ess
• auttâd: autt+N+Par
• auttaa: autt+N+Sg+Abe
• aaut: autt+N+Pl+Nom
• aauti: autt+N+Pl+Gen
• aautid: autt+N+Pl+Acc
• aautid: autt+N+Pl+Ill
• aautin: autt+N+Pl+Loc
• aautivuiʹm: autt+N+Pl+Com
• aautitaa: autt+N+Pl+Abe
• aautâž: autt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• aauʹte: autt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Â_VHCC vahtt:va^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt
• LEXICON N_VAHTT vahtt:va^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt N_1Â_VHCC cf. SIJDD Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_hyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|h-cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|short_u-cluster”

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

  1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

  â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

  1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

  1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

  Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-vahtt

• : SG-NOM ; vahtt
• :^V2VV^YXX2VX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; vaaut
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; vaʹhtte
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; vaʹhtti
• :^V2VV^YXX2VX%>â SG-LOC ; vaautâst
• :^V2VV^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; vaautin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; vahttân

• :^V2VV^YXX2VX PL-OBL ; vaauti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2VX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; vaaut-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; vaauʹt-

• vahtt # examples:*
• vahtt: vahtt+N+Sg+Nom
• vaaut: vahtt+N+Sg+Gen
• vaaut: vahtt+N+Sg+Acc
• vaʹhtte: vahtt+N+Sg+Ill
• vaautâst: vahtt+N+Sg+Loc
• vautstan: vahtt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• vaautin: vahtt+N+Sg+Com
• vahttân: vahtt+N+Ess
• vahttâd: vahtt+N+Par
• vaautʼtaa: vahtt+N+Sg+Abe
• vaaut: vahtt+N+Pl+Nom
• vaauti: vahtt+N+Pl+Gen
• vaautid: vahtt+N+Pl+Acc
• vaautid: vahtt+N+Pl+Ill
• vaautin: vahtt+N+Pl+Loc
• vaautivuiʹm: vahtt+N+Pl+Com
• vaautitaa: vahtt+N+Pl+Abe
• vaautâž: vahtt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• vaauʹte: vahtt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Â_VKK_VVGG jokk:jo^1VOW{ʹØ}kk

• Yaml: N-jokk river/joki

• : SG-NOM ; jokk
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; jokkân
• :^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; joʹǩǩe
• :^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; joʹǩǩi
• :^V2VV^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; jooǥǥ
• :^V2VV^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; jooǥǥâ
• :^V2VV^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; jooǥǥin
• :^V2VV^KK2GG PL-OBL ; jooǥǥi, kuuzzid, kuuzzid, kuuzzin, kuuzzivuiʹm, kuuzzitaa
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; jooǥǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^KK2GG^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; jooʹjj-

• LEXICON N_KUSS kuss:ku^1VOW{ʹØ}ss N_1Â_VKK_HVVGG Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|voiced_geminate”

See also: NMN_KUSS_PLC, which is the same, but minus PL forms and certain cases

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com similar_to:

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kuss

• : SG-NOM ; kuss
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; kussân
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; kuʹsse
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; kuʹssi
• :^V2VV^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; kuuzz
• :^V2VV^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; kuuzzâ
• :^V2VV^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; kuuzzin
• :^V2VV^KK2GG PL-OBL ; kuuzzi, kuuzzid, kuuzzid, kuuzzin, kuuzzivuiʹm, kuuzzitaa
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

• kuss # examples:*
• kuss: kuss+N+Sg+Nom
• kuuzz: kuss+N+Sg+Gen
• kuuzz: kuss+N+Sg+Acc
• kuʹsse: kuss+N+Sg+Ill
• kuuzzâst: kuss+N+Sg+Loc
• kuzstan: kuss+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• kuuzzin: kuss+N+Sg+Com
• kussân: kuss+N+Ess
• kussâd: kuss+N+Par
• kuuzztaa: kuss+N+Sg+Abe
• kuuzz: kuss+N+Pl+Nom
• kuuzzi: kuss+N+Pl+Gen
• kuuzzid: kuss+N+Pl+Acc
• kuuzzid: kuss+N+Pl+Ill
• kuuzzin: kuss+N+Pl+Loc
• kuuzzivuiʹm: kuss+N+Pl+Com
• kuuzzitaa: kuss+N+Pl+Abe
• kuuzzâž: kuss+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• kuuʹzze: kuss+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• Yaml: N-ruossh
• : SG-NOM ;
• :^CCC2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; ruõcc
• :^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; ruõʹcˈce
• :^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; ruõʹcˈci
• :^CCC2CC%>â SG-LOC ; ruõccâst
• :^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>â ESS/PAR ;

• :^CCC2CC PL-OBL ; ruõcci

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CCC2CC N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; ruõcc-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; ruõʹcc-

• LEXICON N_RUOCCC ruõcc:ruõ{ʹØ}cˈc N_1Â_VWCCC_CC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_long 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|geminate”

THIS IS NOT THE SAME AS N_MUORR

• Yaml: N-ruossh
• : SG-NOM ;
• :^CCC2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; ruõcc
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; ruõʹcˈce
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; ruõʹcˈci
• :^CCC2CC%>â SG-LOC ; ruõccâst
• :^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>â ESS/PAR ;

• :^CCC2CC PL-OBL ; ruõcci

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CCC2CC N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; ruõcc-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^CCC2CC N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; ruõʹcc-

• ruõcc # examples:*
• ruõcˈc: ruõcc+N+Sg+Nom
• ruõcc: ruõcc+N+Sg+Gen
• ruõcc: ruõcc+N+Sg+Acc
• ruõʹcˈce: ruõcc+N+Sg+Ill
• ruõccâst: ruõcc+N+Sg+Loc
• ruõˈcstan: ruõcc+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõccstan: ruõcc+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõccin: ruõcc+N+Sg+Com
• ruõcˈcân: ruõcc+N+Ess
• ruõcˈcâd: ruõcc+N+Par
• ruõcctaa: ruõcc+N+Sg+Abe
• ruõcc: ruõcc+N+Pl+Nom
• ruõcci: ruõcc+N+Pl+Gen
• ruõccid: ruõcc+N+Pl+Acc
• ruõccid: ruõcc+N+Pl+Ill
• ruõccin: ruõcc+N+Pl+Loc
• ruõccivuiʹm: ruõcc+N+Pl+Com
• ruõccitaa: ruõcc+N+Pl+Abe
• ruõccâž: ruõcc+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• ruõʹcce: ruõcc+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• : SG-NOM ; (1) čuõskk
• :^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) čuõsk
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; (3) čuõʹsǩǩe
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; čuõʹsǩǩi
• :^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) čuõskest
• :^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) čuõskin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) čuõskkân
• :^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) čuõsk

• :^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (5) čuõskin

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; čuõsk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; čuõʹsǩ-

• LEXICON N_1Â_VWYXX_PL juõštt:juõštt
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; (1) čuõskk
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) čuõskkân
• :^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) čuõsk
• :^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (5) čuõskin

N_1Â_VWYKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_yxx 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|short_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-chuoskk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) čuõskk
• :^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) čuõsk
• :^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) čuõʹsǩǩe
• :^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; čuõʹsǩǩi
• :^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) čuõskest
• :^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) čuõskin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) čuõskkân
• :^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) čuõsk

• :^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (5) čuõskin

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; čuõsk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; čuõʹsǩ-

• čuõškk # examples:*
• čuõškk: čuõškk+N+Sg+Nom
• čuõšk: čuõškk+N+Sg+Gen
• čuõšk: čuõškk+N+Sg+Acc
• čuõʹšǩǩe: čuõškk+N+Sg+Ill
• čuõškâst: čuõškk+N+Sg+Loc
• čuõˈškstan: čuõškk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• čuõškstan: čuõškk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• čuõškin: čuõškk+N+Sg+Com
• čuõškkân: čuõškk+N+Ess
• čuõškkâd: čuõškk+N+Par
• čuõšktaa: čuõškk+N+Sg+Abe
• čuõšk: čuõškk+N+Pl+Nom
• čuõški: čuõškk+N+Pl+Gen
• čuõškid: čuõškk+N+Pl+Acc
• čuõškid: čuõškk+N+Pl+Ill
• čuõškin: čuõškk+N+Pl+Loc
• čuõškivuiʹm: čuõškk+N+Pl+Com
• čuõškitaa: čuõškk+N+Pl+Abe
• čuõškâž: čuõškk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• čuõʹšǩe: čuõškk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_RUOIDD ruõidd:ruõi{ʹØ}dd
• LEXICON N_1Â_VWUCC ruõidd:ruõi{ʹØ}dd N_1Â_VWUCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_vxx 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_V-cluster” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|short_V-cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-chuoskk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) ruõidd
• :^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) ruõid
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; (3) ruõiʹdde
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; ruõiʹddi
• :^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) ruõidest
• :^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5) ruõidin

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) ruõiddân

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; ruõid-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; ruõiʹd-

• ruõidd # examples:*
• ruõidd: ruõidd+N+Sg+Nom
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Sg+Gen
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Sg+Acc
• ruõiʹdde: ruõidd+N+Sg+Ill
• ruõidâst: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc
• ruõˈidstan: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõidstan: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõidin: ruõidd+N+Sg+Com
• ruõiddân: ruõidd+N+Ess
• ruõiddâd: ruõidd+N+Par
• ruõidtaa: ruõidd+N+Sg+Abe
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Nom
• ruõidi: ruõidd+N+Pl+Gen
• ruõidid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Acc
• ruõidid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Ill
• ruõidin: ruõidd+N+Pl+Loc
• ruõidivuiʹm: ruõidd+N+Pl+Com
• ruõiditaa: ruõidd+N+Pl+Abe
• ruõidâž: ruõidd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• ruõiʹde: ruõidd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Â_VWUKK juõigg:juõi{ʹØ}gg like N_1Â_VWUCC

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-chuoskk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) juõigg
• :^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) juõiǥ
• :^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) juõiʹǧǧe
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; ruõiʹǧǧi
• :^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) juõiǥâst
• :^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5) juõiǥin

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) juõiggân

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; juõiǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; juõiʹj-

• ruõidd # examples:*
• ruõidd: ruõidd+N+Sg+Nom
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Sg+Gen
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Sg+Acc
• ruõiʹdde: ruõidd+N+Sg+Ill
• ruõidâst: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc
• ruõˈidstan: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõidstan: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõidin: ruõidd+N+Sg+Com
• ruõiddân: ruõidd+N+Ess
• ruõiddâd: ruõidd+N+Par
• ruõidtaa: ruõidd+N+Sg+Abe
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Nom
• ruõidi: ruõidd+N+Pl+Gen
• ruõidid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Acc
• ruõidid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Ill
• ruõidin: ruõidd+N+Pl+Loc
• ruõidivuiʹm: ruõidd+N+Pl+Com
• ruõiditaa: ruõidd+N+Pl+Abe
• ruõidâž: ruõidd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• ruõiʹde: ruõidd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_PUOAVV puåvv:puå{ʹØ}vv N_1Â_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|single_consonant” Sg_Ill=”diphthong|vowel_e-coloration|long_geminate”

is for words with -âst Loc but -ense Ill 3rd grade

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e Has Allophonic palatalization

1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: puåvâž

puåvv:puåvv

• Yaml: N-kiapp, N-puavv

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: puåvv
• :^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: puåv
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pueʹvˈve
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: pueʹvˈvi
• :^CC2C%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: puåvâst
• :^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: puåvin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: puåvvân

• :^CC2C PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Gen: puåvi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; puåv-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; pueʹv-

• LEXICON N_PUOAVV_PL puåvv:puå{ʹØ}vv
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; (1) Sg.Nom: puåvv
• :^CC2C PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: puåv
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: puåvvân

• :^CC2C PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Gen: puåvi

• puåvv # examples:*
• puåvv: puåvv+N+Sg+Nom
• puåv: puåvv+N+Sg+Gen
• puåv: puåvv+N+Sg+Acc
• pueʹvˈve: puåvv+N+Sg+Ill
• puåvâst: puåvv+N+Sg+Loc
• puåˈvstan: puåvv+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• puåvstan: puåvv+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• puåvin: puåvv+N+Sg+Com
• puåvvân: puåvv+N+Ess
• puåvvâd: puåvv+N+Par
• puåvtaa: puåvv+N+Sg+Abe
• puåv: puåvv+N+Pl+Nom
• puåvi: puåvv+N+Pl+Gen
• puåvid: puåvv+N+Pl+Acc
• puåvid: puåvv+N+Pl+Ill
• puåvin: puåvv+N+Pl+Loc
• puåvivuiʹm: puåvv+N+Pl+Com
• puåvitaa: puåvv+N+Pl+Abe
• puåvâž: puåvv+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• pueʹve: puåvv+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• Yaml: N-kiapp, N-puavv

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: liâkk
• :^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: liâǥǥ
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: lieʹǩˈǩe
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: lieʹǩˈǩi
• :^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: liâǥǥâst
• :^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: liâǥǥin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: liâkkân

• :^KK2GG PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Gen: liâǥǥi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^KK2GG N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; liâǥǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL^KK2GG^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; lieʹjj-

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ;
• :^KK2GG PL-NOM ; viõǥǥ
• :%>â ESS/PAR ;

• :^KK2GG PL-OBL ; luõzzi

• LEXICON N_1Â_IY/EKK liâkk:liâ{ʹØ}kk

N_1Â_VWKK

• Yaml: N-kiapp, N-puavv

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: liâkk
• :^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: liâǥǥ
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: lieʹǩˈǩe
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: lieʹǩˈǩi
• :^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: liâǥǥâst
• :^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: liâǥǥin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: liâkkân

• :^KK2GG PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Gen: liâǥǥi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^KK2GG N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; liâǥǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL^KK2GG^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; lieʹjj-

• liâkk # examples:*
• liâkk: liâkk+N+Sg+Nom
• liâǥǥ: liâkk+N+Sg+Gen
• liâǥǥ: liâkk+N+Sg+Acc
• lieʹǩˈǩe: liâkk+N+Sg+Ill
• liâǥǥâst: liâkk+N+Sg+Loc
• liâˈǥstan: liâkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• liâǥǥstan: liâkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• liâǥǥin: liâkk+N+Sg+Com
• liâkkân: liâkk+N+Ess
• liâkkâd: liâkk+N+Par
• liâǥǥtaa: liâkk+N+Sg+Abe
• liâǥǥ: liâkk+N+Pl+Nom
• liâǥǥi: liâkk+N+Pl+Gen
• liâǥǥid: liâkk+N+Pl+Acc
• liâǥǥid: liâkk+N+Pl+Ill
• liâǥǥin: liâkk+N+Pl+Loc
• liâǥǥivuiʹm: liâkk+N+Pl+Com
• liâǥǥitaa: liâkk+N+Pl+Abe
• liâǥǥâž: liâkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• lieʹjje: liâkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SIYKKK siâkˈk:siâ{ʹØ}kˈk N_1Â_VWKKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_long 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Ill=”diphthong|vowel_e-coloration|long_geminate”

is for words with -âst Loc but -ense Ill 3rd grade

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e Has Allophonic palatalization

1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: siâkkâž

siâkˈk:siâkˈk

• Yaml: N-siakk

• : SG-NOM ; siâkˈk
• :^CCC2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; siâkk
• :^PALE^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; sieʹǩˈǩe
• :^PALE^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; sieʹǩˈǩi
• :^CCC2CC%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: siâkkâst
• :^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: siâkkin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: siâkˈkân

• :^CCC2CC PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: siâkkid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CCC2CC N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; siâkk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; sieʹǩǩ-

• siâkk # examples:*
• siâkˈk: siâkk+N+Sg+Nom
• siâkk: siâkk+N+Sg+Gen
• siâkk: siâkk+N+Sg+Acc
• sieʹǩˈǩe: siâkk+N+Sg+Ill
• siâkkâst: siâkk+N+Sg+Loc
• siâˈkstan: siâkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• siâkkstan: siâkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• siâkkin: siâkk+N+Sg+Com
• siâkˈkân: siâkk+N+Ess
• siâkˈkâd: siâkk+N+Par
• siâkktaa: siâkk+N+Sg+Abe
• siâkk: siâkk+N+Pl+Nom
• siâkki: siâkk+N+Pl+Gen
• siâkkid: siâkk+N+Pl+Acc
• siâkkid: siâkk+N+Pl+Ill
• siâkkin: siâkk+N+Pl+Loc
• siâkkivuiʹm: siâkk+N+Pl+Com
• siâkkitaa: siâkk+N+Pl+Abe
• siâkkâž: siâkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• sieʹǩǩe: siâkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SMIYHHH siâkˈk:siâ{ʹØ}kˈk N_1Â_VWCCC

• Yaml: N-siakk

• : SG-NOM ; smiâhˈh
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; smiâhˈh
• :^PALE^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; smieʹhˈhe
• :^PALE^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; smieʹhˈhi
• :%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: smiâhˈhâst
• : SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: smiâhˈhin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: smiâhˈhân

• : PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: smiâhˈhid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; smiâhˈh-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; smieʹhˈh-

• LEXICON N_1Â_IY/EYXX piâldd:piâ{ʹØ}ldd

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: vuåkr
• :^PALE^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: vueʹkrre
• :^PALE^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: sǩieʹŋǩǩi
• :^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: vuåkrâst
• :^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: vuåkrin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: vuåkrrân

• :^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: vuåkrid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; vuåkr-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; vueʹkr-

• LEXICON N_1Â_UA/EYXX vuåkrr:vuå{ʹØ}krr

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: vuåkr
• :^PALE^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: vueʹkrre
• :^PALE^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: sǩieʹŋǩǩi
• :^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: vuåkrâst
• :^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: vuåkrin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: vuåkrrân

• :^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: vuåkrid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; vuåkr-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; vueʹkr-

• vuåkrr # examples:*
• vuåkrr: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Nom
• vuåkr: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Gen
• vuåkr: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Acc
• vueʹkrre: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Ill
• vuåkrâst: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Loc
• vuåˈkrstan: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• vuåkrstan: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• vuåkrin: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Com
• vuåkrrân: vuåkrr+N+Ess
• vuåkrrâd: vuåkrr+N+Par
• vuåkrtaa: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Abe
• vuåkr: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Nom
• vuåkri: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Gen
• vuåkrid: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Acc
• vuåkrid: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Ill
• vuåkrin: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Loc
• vuåkrivuiʹm: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Com
• vuåkritaa: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Abe
• vuåkrâž: vuåkrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom
• vueʹkre: vuåkrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen
• LEXICON N_1Â_UA/EYKK sǩiâŋkk:sǩiâ{ʹØ}ŋkk

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: sǩiâŋk
• :^PALE^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: sǩieʹŋǩǩe
• :^PALE^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: sǩieʹŋǩǩi
• :^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: sǩiâŋkâst
• :^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: sǩiâŋkin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: sǩiâŋkkân

• :^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: sǩiâŋkid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; sǩiâŋk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; sǩieʹŋǩ-

• LEXICON N_1Â_IY/EYKK sǩiâŋkk:sǩiâ{ʹØ}ŋkk
• LEXICON N_MIYRKK sǩiâŋkk:sǩiâ{ʹØ}ŋkk N_1Â_VW/EYKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_xyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|short_cluster” Sg_Ill=”diphthong|vowel_e-coloration|long_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: sǩiâŋk
• :^PALE^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: sǩieʹŋǩǩe
• :^PALE^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: sǩieʹŋǩǩi
• :^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: sǩiâŋkâst
• :^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: sǩiâŋkin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: sǩiâŋkkân

• :^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: sǩiâŋkid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; sǩiâŋk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; sǩieʹŋǩ-

• miârkk # examples:*
• miârkk: miârkk+N+Sg+Nom
• miârk: miârkk+N+Sg+Gen
• miârk: miârkk+N+Sg+Acc
• mieʹrǩǩe: miârkk+N+Sg+Ill
• miârkâst: miârkk+N+Sg+Loc
• miâˈrkstan: miârkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• miârkstan: miârkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• miârkin: miârkk+N+Sg+Com
• miârkkân: miârkk+N+Ess
• miârkkâd: miârkk+N+Par
• miârktaa: miârkk+N+Sg+Abe
• miârk: miârkk+N+Pl+Nom
• miârki: miârkk+N+Pl+Gen
• miârkid: miârkk+N+Pl+Acc
• miârkid: miârkk+N+Pl+Ill
• miârkin: miârkk+N+Pl+Loc
• miârkivuiʹm: miârkk+N+Pl+Com
• miârkitaa: miârkk+N+Pl+Abe
• miârkâž: miârkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• mieʹrǩe: miârkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Â_VCC_VVC toll:to^1VOW{ʹØ}ll
• LEXICON N_TOLL toll:to^1VOW{ʹØ}ll N_1Â_VCC_VVC similar_to: N_AENHNH, N_STAEQLLJ, N_KOONJYL Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.2. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

See also: NMN_TOLL_PLC, which is the same, but minus PL forms and certain cases

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kidd, N-soll, N-toll, N-vorr strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• : SG-NOM ; toll
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; tollân strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; toʹlle
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; toʹlli single_consonant, long_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :^V2VV^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; tool
• :^V2VV^CC2C PL-NOM ; tool
• :^V2VV^CC2C%>â SG-LOC ; toolâst
• :^V2VV^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; toolin

• :^V2VV^CC2C PL-OBL ; tooli, toolid, toolid, toolin, toolivuiʹm, toolitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^CC2C N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; tool- single_consonant, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^CC2C N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; tooʹl-

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; toll
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; tollân
• :^V2VV^CC2C PL-NOM ; tool

• :^V2VV^CC2C PL-OBL ; tooli, toolid, toolid, toolin, toolivuiʹm, toolitaa

• toll # examples:*
• toll: toll+N+Sg+Nom
• tool: toll+N+Sg+Gen
• tool: toll+N+Sg+Acc
• toʹlle: toll+N+Sg+Ill
• toolâst: toll+N+Sg+Loc
• tolstad: toll+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• toolstad: toll+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• toolin: toll+N+Sg+Com
• tollân: toll+N+Ess
• tollâd: toll+N+Par
• tooltaa: toll+N+Sg+Abe
• tool: toll+N+Pl+Nom
• tooli: toll+N+Pl+Gen
• toolid: toll+N+Pl+Acc
• toolid: toll+N+Pl+Ill
• toolin: toll+N+Pl+Loc
• toolivuiʹm: toll+N+Pl+Com
• toolitaa: toll+N+Pl+Abe
• toolâž: toll+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• tooʹle: toll+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SIJDD sijdd:si{ʹØ}j{ʹØ}dd N_1Â_VJCC cf. _VAHTT Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_i_type:pal_no:cns_jyy 1.1.1.1.1.3. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|strong_j-cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-sijdd

• : SG-NOM ; sijdd
• :^YXX2VX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; siid
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; siʹjdde
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; siʹjddi
• :^YXX2VX%>â SG-LOC ; siidâst
• :^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; siidin
• :^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; siid
• :^YXX2VX PL-OBL ; siidin

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; sijddân

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2VX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; siid-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; siiʹd-

• :^Allegro^YXX2VX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; CHECKME

• LEXICON N_SIJDD_PL siid:sijdd
• :^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; siid
• :^YXX2VX PL-OBL ; siidi

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; sijddâd

• sijdd # examples:*
• sijdd: sijdd+N+Sg+Nom
• siid: sijdd+N+Sg+Gen
• siid: sijdd+N+Sg+Acc
• siʹjdde: sijdd+N+Sg+Ill
• siidâst: sijdd+N+Sg+Loc
• siidstad: sijdd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg2
• sidstad: sijdd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg2
• siidin: sijdd+N+Sg+Com
• sijddân: sijdd+N+Ess
• sijddâd: sijdd+N+Par
• siidtaa: sijdd+N+Sg+Abe
• siid: sijdd+N+Pl+Nom
• siidi: sijdd+N+Pl+Gen
• siidid: sijdd+N+Pl+Acc
• siidid: sijdd+N+Pl+Ill
• siidin: sijdd+N+Pl+Loc
• siidivuiʹm: sijdd+N+Pl+Com
• siiditaa: sijdd+N+Pl+Abe
• siidâž: sijdd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• siiʹde: sijdd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SAAKK saakk:saa{ʹØ}kk N_1Â_VVKK similar_to: N_PAARR, N_SHLAAJJ Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type 1.1.1.1.1.4. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|voiced_geminate”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-saakk is for nouns with -âst Loc. N_Y-EPal2-21 N_GENX1-ILLEPalX3-LOCÂ-NOM1X2
• :^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; saaǥǥin
• :^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; saaǥǥ
• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; šaʹǩǩe
• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; saʹǩǩi
• : SG-NOM ; saakk
• :^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; saaǥǥâst
• :â ESS/PAR ; saakkân

• :^KK2GG PL-OBL ; saaǥǥi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; saaǥǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^KK2GG^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; saaʹjj-

• saakk # examples:*
• saakk: saakk+N+Sg+Nom
• saaǥǥ: saakk+N+Sg+Gen
• saaǥǥ: saakk+N+Sg+Acc
• saʹǩǩe: saakk+N+Sg+Ill
• saaǥǥâst: saakk+N+Sg+Loc
• saǥstan: saakk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• saaǥǥin: saakk+N+Sg+Com
• saakkân: saakk+N+Ess
• saakkâd: saakk+N+Par
• saaǥǥtaa: saakk+N+Sg+Abe
• saaǥǥ: saakk+N+Pl+Nom
• saaǥǥi: saakk+N+Pl+Gen
• saaǥǥid: saakk+N+Pl+Acc
• saaǥǥid: saakk+N+Pl+Ill
• saaǥǥin: saakk+N+Pl+Loc
• saaǥǥivuiʹm: saakk+N+Pl+Com
• saaǥǥitaa: saakk+N+Pl+Abe
• saaǥǥâž: saakk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• saaʹjje: saakk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_LUOSS luõss:luõ{ʹØ}ss N_1Â_VWKK
• LEXICON NMN_LUOSS luõss:luõss Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type 1.1.1.1.1.4. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|voiced_geminate”

THIS IS NOT THE SAME AS N_MUORR

• Yaml: N-luoss
• : SG-NOM ;
• :^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; luõzz
• :^PAL^CC2CCC%>e SG-ILL ; luõʹsˈse
• :^PAL^CC2CCC N2A_LUOQSSI ; luõʹsˈsi
• :^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; luõzzâst
• :^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>â ESS/PAR ;

• :^KK2GG PL-OBL ; luõzzi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; luõzz-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; luõʹzz-

• luõss # examples:*
• luõss: luõss+N+Sg+Nom
• luõzz: luõss+N+Sg+Gen
• luõzz: luõss+N+Sg+Acc
• luõʹsˈse: luõss+N+Sg+Ill
• luõzzâst: luõss+N+Sg+Loc
• luõˈzstan: luõss+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• luõzzin: luõss+N+Sg+Com
• luõssân: luõss+N+Ess
• luõssâd: luõss+N+Par
• luõzztaa: luõss+N+Sg+Abe
• luõzz: luõss+N+Pl+Nom
• luõzzi: luõss+N+Pl+Gen
• luõzzid: luõss+N+Pl+Acc
• luõzzid: luõss+N+Pl+Ill
• luõzzin: luõss+N+Pl+Loc
• luõzzivuiʹm: luõss+N+Pl+Com
• luõzzitaa: luõss+N+Pl+Abe
• luõzzâž: luõss+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• luõʹzze: luõss+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Â_VVCC paarr:paa{ʹØ}rr
• LEXICON N_PAARR paarr:paa{ʹØ}rr N_1Â_VVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.5. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-paarr, N-saakk is for nouns with -âst Loc. N_Y-EPal2-21 N_GENX1-ILLEPalX3-LOCÂ-NOM1X2
• :^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; paarin
• :^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; paar
• :^VV2V^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; paʹrre
• :^VV2V^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: paʹrri
• : SG-NOM ; paarr
• :^CC2C%>â SG-LOC ; paarâst
• :â ESS/PAR ; paarrân

• :^CC2C PL-OBL ; paari

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CC2C N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^CC2C N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• :^VV2V^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; par-

• LEXICON N_PAARR_PL paarr:paa{ʹØ}rr
• :^CC2C PL-NOM ; paar
• :â ESS/PAR ; paarrân

• :^CC2C PL-OBL ; paari

• paarr # examples:*
• paarr: paarr+N+Sg+Nom
• paar: paarr+N+Sg+Gen
• paar: paarr+N+Sg+Acc
• paʹrre: paarr+N+Sg+Ill
• paarâst: paarr+N+Sg+Loc
• parstan: paarr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• paarin: paarr+N+Sg+Com
• paarrân: paarr+N+Ess
• paarrâd: paarr+N+Par
• paartaa: paarr+N+Sg+Abe
• paar: paarr+N+Pl+Nom
• paari: paarr+N+Pl+Gen
• paarid: paarr+N+Pl+Acc
• paarid: paarr+N+Pl+Ill
• paarin: paarr+N+Pl+Loc
• paarivuiʹm: paarr+N+Pl+Com
• paaritaa: paarr+N+Pl+Abe
• paarâž: paarr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• paaʹre: paarr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SHLAAJJ šlaajj:šlaa{ʹØ}jj N_1Â_VVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_jj_type 1.1.1.1.1.5. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

FORMS

• Yaml: N-shlaajj

• :^J2I^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; šlaai

• šlaajj # examples:*
• šlaajj: šlaajj+N+Sg+Nom
• šlaaj: šlaajj+N+Sg+Gen
• šlaai: šlaajj+N+Sg+Gen+Err/Orth
• šlaaj: šlaajj+N+Sg+Acc
• šlaai: šlaajj+N+Sg+Acc+Err/Orth
• šlaʹjje: šlaajj+N+Sg+Ill
• šlaajâst: šlaajj+N+Sg+Loc
• šlajstan: šlaajj+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• šlaistan: šlaajj+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1+Err/Orth
• šlaajin: šlaajj+N+Sg+Com
• šlaajjân: šlaajj+N+Ess
• šlaajjâd: šlaajj+N+Par
• šlaajtaa: šlaajj+N+Sg+Abe
• šlaaitaa: šlaajj+N+Sg+Abe+Err/Orth
• šlaaj: šlaajj+N+Pl+Nom
• šlaai: šlaajj+N+Pl+Nom+Err/Orth
• šlaaji: šlaajj+N+Pl+Gen
• šlaajid: šlaajj+N+Pl+Acc
• šlaajid: šlaajj+N+Pl+Ill
• šlaajin: šlaajj+N+Pl+Loc
• šlaajivuiʹm: šlaajj+N+Pl+Com
• šlaajitaa: šlaajj+N+Pl+Abe
• šlaajâž: šlaajj+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• šlaaʹje: šlaajj+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Â_VWCC muõrr:muõ{ʹØ}rr
• LEXICON N_MUORR muõrr:muõ{ʹØ}rr N_1Â_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|single_consonant”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

Sg.Ill:

1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-muorr
• : SG-NOM ; muõrr
• :^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; muõr
• :^PAL^CC2CCC%>e SG-ILL ; muõʹrˈre
• :^PAL^CC2CCC N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: muõʹrˈri
• :^CC2C%>â SG-LOC ; muõrâst
• :^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; muõrin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; muõrrân
• :^CC2C PL-NOM ; muõr

• :^CC2C PL-OBL ; muõri

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; muõr-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; muõʹr-

ǩiõtt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 hand,arm/käsi

• ǩiõ0tt^Allegro^PAL^CC2CAllegro%>stan
• ǩiõˈđ000%>stan
• ǩiõtt^Allegro^CC2CAllegro%>stan
• ǩiõđ000%>stan ǩiõtt+N+Sg+Ill+PxSg1: hand/käsi
• ǩiõ0t0t^PAL^CC2CCC%>san
• ǩiõʹtˈt000%>san

• :^CC2CCC HatY-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-ELSE ; muõrˈr-

• LEXICON N_MUORR_PL muõrr:muõrr
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; muõrrân
• :^CC2C PL-NOM ; muõr

• :^CC2C PL-OBL ; muõri

• muõrr # examples:*
• muõrr: muõrr+N+Sg+Nom
• muõr: muõrr+N+Sg+Gen
• muõr: muõrr+N+Sg+Acc
• muõʹrˈre: muõrr+N+Sg+Ill
• muõrâst: muõrr+N+Sg+Loc
• muõˈrstan: muõrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• muõrin: muõrr+N+Sg+Com
• muõrrân: muõrr+N+Ess
• muõrrâd: muõrr+N+Par
• muõrtaa: muõrr+N+Sg+Abe
• muõr: muõrr+N+Pl+Nom
• muõri: muõrr+N+Pl+Gen
• muõrid: muõrr+N+Pl+Acc
• muõrid: muõrr+N+Pl+Ill
• muõrin: muõrr+N+Pl+Loc
• muõrivuiʹm: muõrr+N+Pl+Com
• muõritaa: muõrr+N+Pl+Abe
• muõrâž: muõrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• muõʹre: muõrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_KHIOJJ ǩiõjj:ǩiõ{ʹØ}jj N_1Â_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_jj_type 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|single_consonant”

similar_to: N_TUYJJ

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kjiojj

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^J2I^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩiõi

• kuõjj # examples:*
• kuõjj: kuõjj+N+Sg+Nom
• kuõj: kuõjj+N+Sg+Gen
• kuõi: kuõjj+N+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Sg+Gen
• kuõj: kuõjj+N+Sg+Acc
• kuõi: kuõjj+N+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Sg+Acc
• kuõʹjˈje: kuõjj+N+Sg+Ill
• kuõjâst: kuõjj+N+Sg+Loc
• kuõˈjstan: kuõjj+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• kuõˈistan: kuõjj+N+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• kuõjin: kuõjj+N+Sg+Com
• kuõjjân: kuõjj+N+Ess
• kuõjjâd: kuõjj+N+Par
• kuõjtaa: kuõjj+N+Sg+Abe
• kuõj: kuõjj+N+Pl+Nom
• kuõi: kuõjj+N+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Pl+Nom
• kuõji: kuõjj+N+Pl+Gen
• kuõjid: kuõjj+N+Pl+Acc
• kuõjid: kuõjj+N+Pl+Ill
• kuõjin: kuõjj+N+Pl+Loc
• kuõjivuiʹm: kuõjj+N+Pl+Com
• kuõjitaa: kuõjj+N+Pl+Abe
• kuõjâž: kuõjj+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• kuõʹje: kuõjj+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_MIOHTT miõhtt:miõ{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt N_1Â_VWHYY

  FORMS

  similar_to: N_VUYHSS

• Yaml: N-miwhtt

• :^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; miõutin
• :^YXX2VX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; miõut
• :^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; miõʹhtte
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; miõʹhtti
• : SG-NOM ; miõhtt
• :^YXX2VX%>â SG-LOC ; miõutâst
• :â ESS/PAR ; miõhttân

• :^YXX2VX PL-OBL ; miõuti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; miõhtt-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; riiʹǩǩ-

• miõhtt # examples:*
• miõhtt: miõhtt+N+Sg+Nom
• miõut: miõhtt+N+Sg+Gen
• miõut: miõhtt+N+Sg+Acc
• miõʹhtte: miõhtt+N+Sg+Ill
• miõutâst: miõhtt+N+Sg+Loc
• miõuˈtstan: miõhtt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• miõutin: miõhtt+N+Sg+Com
• miõhttân: miõhtt+N+Ess
• miõhttâd: miõhtt+N+Par
• miõuttaa: miõhtt+N+Sg+Abe
• miõut: miõhtt+N+Pl+Nom
• miõuti: miõhtt+N+Pl+Gen
• miõutid: miõhtt+N+Pl+Acc
• miõutid: miõhtt+N+Pl+Ill
• miõutin: miõhtt+N+Pl+Loc
• miõutivuiʹm: miõhtt+N+Pl+Com
• miõutitaa: miõhtt+N+Pl+Abe
• miõutâž: miõhtt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• miõuʹte: miõhtt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_RIIKK riikk:rii{ʹØ}kk N_1Â_VVKK

  FORMS

  1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Ill=”short_vowel|geminate”

• Yaml: N-riikk is for nouns with -âst Loc. N_Y-EPal2-21 N_GENX1-ILLEPalX3-LOCÂ-NOM1X2
• : SG-COM_IN ; riikkin
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; riikk
• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; riʹǩǩe
• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; riʹǩǩi CHECKME
• : SG-NOM ; riikk
• :%>â SG-LOC ; riikkâst
• :â ESS/PAR ; riikkân

• : PL-OBL ; riikki

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; riikk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; riiʹǩǩ-

• :^VV2V^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; rik-

• LEXICON N_AQSTTRIK_errorth aʹsttrik:aʹsttri^1VOW{ʹØ}k
• LEXICON N_AQSTTRIK aʹsttrik:aʹsttri^1VOW{ʹØ}k N_2Y_VK_VVKK

  FORMS

  1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Ill=”short_vowel|geminate”

• Yaml: N-aqsttrik is for nouns with -âst Loc. N_Y-EPal2-21 N_GENX1-ILLEPalX3-LOCÂ-NOM1X2
• :{XC}^V2VV^C2CC SG-COM_IN ; aʹsttriikkin
• :{XC}^V2VV^C2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; aʹsttriikk
• :{XC}^PAL^C2CC^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; aʹsttriʹǩǩe
• :{XC}^PAL^C2CC^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; aʹsttriʹǩǩi CHECKME
• : SG-NOM ; aʹsttrik
• :{XC}^V2VV^C2CC%>â SG-LOC ; riikkâst
• :{XC}^V2VV^C2CC%>â ESS/PAR ; riikkân

• :{XC}^V2VV^C2CC PL-OBL ; riikki

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^C2CC N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; riikk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; riiʹǩǩ-

• LEXICON N_1Â_VVC plaan:plaa{ʹØ}n
• LEXICON N_PLAAN plaan:plaa{ʹØ}n N_1Â_VVC Sg_Ill=”palatalization|e-final” similar-to: SYSTEEQM

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  2.1.3.3 Lacks Gradation (in last syllable)

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom long vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

  plaan:plaan

• Yaml: N-plaan
• :^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: plaaʹni
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• LEXICON N_1Â_VVK antropoloog:antropoloo{ʹØ}g similar-to: PLAAN plaan:plaan except in k or g or ŋk or gg
• Yaml: N-plaan
• :^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: antropolooʹǧi
• +Err/Orth-k-kh:^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: antropolooʹgi
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; antropoloog-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; antropolooʹǧ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N+Err/Orth-k-kh:^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; antropolooʹg-

• LEXICON N_STRAAZHZH straažž:straa{ʹØ}žž N_1Â_VVCC
• Yaml: N-plaan
• :^PAL^CC2C^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: plaaʹni
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; straaž-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^CC2C^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; straaʹž-

• LEXICON N_LOMAAKK lomaakk:lomaa{ʹØ}kk N_1Â_VVKK Sg_Ill=”palatalization|e-final”

lomaakk:lomaakk

• Yaml: N-lomaakk
• :^PAL^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: lomaaʹǩǩi CHECKME
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; lomaakk-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; lomaaʹǩǩ-

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

a-stems

• LEXICON N_1A_VCC pess:pẹ^1VOWss
• LEXICON N_PESS pess:pẹss similar_to: N_1Â_VCC N_1A_VCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.2.1. stem_with_gradation: yes 1.1.1.2.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|geminate”

Is for nouns with -ast Loc

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-pess, N-pall strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pissu Sg_Ill

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) pess Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: pess Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1
• pẹ^1VOWss
• pe0ss strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel, stem_vowel: a
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: pessan

strong_geminate, long_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• :^V2VV A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peess Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

strong_geminate, long_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^VOWRaise%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: piissuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹssaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; pes» Sg_Loc_Px..

FORMS

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; pess
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: pessan

• :^V2VV PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peess

• LEXICON N_SHOOMM šoomm:šoomm N_1A_VVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: soomm grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: šoomm Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^CC2C A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: šoom Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VV2V^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: šummu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) šomm Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: šoomman

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^CC2C%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: šuumuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CC2C%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: šoomaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) šom» Sg_Loc_Px..

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: šoomman

• :^CC2C A-STEM_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: šoom

• LEXICON N_LYYJJ lââjj:lââjj N_1A_VVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_jj Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com similar_to N_SHLAAJJ

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-laajj grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: lââjj Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^CC2C A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: lââj Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VV2V^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: lõjju Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) lâjj Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: lââjjan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^CC2C%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: lõõjuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CC2C%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: lââjaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) lâj» Sg_Loc_Px..

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: Jääkk Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V^VOWRaise%>u A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: Jakk Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VV2V^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: Jakku
• +Use/NG:^VV2V%>ja SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: Jäkkja Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V%>a A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) Jäkka Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :^VV2V%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: Jäkkan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VV2V%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: Jäkkjaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V^KK2KAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) jäk» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_RAEAEKK rääkk:rääkk N_1A_VVKK Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-raakk grade: neutral (long_vowel, long), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: rääkk Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^KK2GG A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: rääǥǥ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VV2V^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: rakku Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) räkk Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: rääkkan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^KK2GG^VOWRaise%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: raaǥǥuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^KK2GG%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: rääǥǥaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V^KK2GAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) räǥ» Sg_Loc_Px..

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^KK2GG PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: rääǥǥ

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: rääkkan

• LEXICON N_AELDD äldd:äldd N_1A_VYXX Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_xyy N_LÄINN has been integrated here

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-aeldd grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) äldd Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) ääld Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) alddu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) äldd Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) älddan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^VOWRaise^YXX2YX N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: aalduž (2009: 312-313)
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: ääldaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) äld Sg_Loc_Px..

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) älddan

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX A-STEM_PL-NOM ; (2) ääld

• äldd # examples:*
• äldd: äldd+N+Sg+Nom
• ääld: äldd+N+Sg+Gen
• ääld: äldd+N+Sg+Acc
• alddu: äldd+N+Sg+Ill
• ääldast: äldd+N+Sg+Loc
• äldstan: äldd+N+Allegro+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ääldstan: äldd+N+Largo+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ääldain: äldd+N+Sg+Com
• älddan: äldd+N+Ess
• älddad: äldd+N+Par
• ääldtaa: äldd+N+Sg+Abe
• ääld: äldd+N+Pl+Nom
• ääldai: äldd+N+Pl+Gen
• ääldaid: äldd+N+Pl+Acc
• ääldaid: äldd+N+Pl+Ill
• ääldain: äldd+N+Pl+Loc
• ääldaivuiʹm: äldd+N+Pl+Com
• ääldaitaa: äldd+N+Pl+Abe

• aalduž: äldd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Vârggan

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX A-STEM_PL-NOM ; (2) Vâârǥ

• LEXICON A-STEM_SG-NOM (1)

• LEXICON A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM (2)

• LEXICON A-STEM_PL-NOM (2)

• LEXICON N_PEIGG peigg:pẹigg N_1A_VUCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_vxx Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: laainuž (2009: 310)

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-laeinn

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) peigg Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) peeiǥ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :^VOWRaise^VXX2YXX%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pijggu !!WHAT IS THIS? Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) peigg Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: peigg

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^YXX2YX%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: piiǥuž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹiǥaž

• :^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) peiǥ» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_KOAHTT kåhtt:kåhtt N_1A_VHCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_hyy similar_to: N_TAQHTT Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMSx

  (1) Sg.Nom: kåhtt

  (2) Pl.Nom: kååut

  (3) Sg.Ill: kohttu

  (4) Sg.Loc: kååutast

  (5) Sg.Com: kååutain

  (6) Ess: kåhttan

  (7) Par: kåhttad

  (8) Pl.Acc: kååutaid

  (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kooutuž (2009: 310)

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-taehtt grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: kåhtt Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^V2VV^YXX2VX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: kååut Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: kohttu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) kåhtt Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: kåhttan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^VOWRaise^YXX2VX%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kooutuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2VX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kååutaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2VX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) kåut» Sg_Loc_Px..

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON N_1A_VWYKK teâlkk:teâlkk
• LEXICON N_TEYLKK teâlkk:teâlkk compare N_1A_VWYXX
• LEXICON NMN_1A_VWYKK teâlkk:teâlkk Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_xyy

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(1) Sg.Nom: meârkk

(2) Pl.Nom: meârk

(3) Sg.Ill: mieʹrǩǩe

(4) Sg.Loc: meârkâst

(5) Sg.Com: meârkin

(6) Ess: meârkkân

(7) Par: meârkkâd

(8) Pl.Acc: meârkid

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: meârkâž

meârkk:meârkk

• Yaml: N-meârkk

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: meârkk Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: meârk Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: miõrkku Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) meârkk Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^YXX2YX N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: miõrkuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: meârkaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) meârk» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_VUYHSS vuâhss:vuâhss N_1A_VWHCC

FORMS

• Yaml: N-vuahss

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: vuâhss Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2VX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: vuâus Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: vuõhssu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) vuâhss Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^YXX2VX N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vuõusuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2VX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vuâusaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2VX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) vuâus» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_VUYRR vuârr:vuârr N_1A_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com uâ:uõ, eä:iâ

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-vuarr grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) vuârr Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CC2C%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vuâraž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2VX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) vuâr» Sg_Loc_Px..

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• LEXICON N_TUYJJ tuâjj:tuâjj N_1A_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_jj_type Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com similar_to: N_KHIOJJ

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-tuajj
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PALẸ SG-NOM ; tuẹjj
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PALẸ^CC2C SG-GEN ; (2) tuẹj

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^J2I^CC2C SG-GEN ; (2) tuâi

• LEXICON N_TUEJJ tuejj:tuâjj N_1A_VWCC this is based on the stem tuâjj, which means all twol work is in place. there has been an â>e N_A-URaise3-32
• Yaml: N-tuejj
• :^PALẸ A-STEM_SG-NOM ; tuẹjj
• :^PALẸ^CC2C A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) tuẹj
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PALẸ^CC2C%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: tuejaž

• :^PALẸ^CC2C SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) tuej»

• LEXICON N_1A_VWKK juâkk:juâkk N_1A_VWKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-chuacc grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: čuäcc Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^KK2GG A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: čuäʒʒ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VOWRaise^CC2CCC%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: čuåcˈcu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) čuäcc Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: čuäccan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^KK2GG%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: čuåʒʒuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^KK2GG%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: čuäʒʒaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^KK2GAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) čuäʒ» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_CHUAECC čuäcc:čuäcc N_1A_VWKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-chuacc grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: čuäcc Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^KK2GG A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: čuäʒʒ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :^VOWRaise^CC2CCC%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: čuåcˈcu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) čuäcc Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: čuäccan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^KK2GG%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: čuåʒʒuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^KK2GG%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: čuäʒʒaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^KK2GAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) čuäʒ» Sg_Loc_Px..

• Yaml: N-chuacc grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^KK2GG A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: čuäʒʒ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) čuäcc Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: čuäccan

• LEXICON N_NEAVVV neävv:neävˈv N_1A_VWCCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_long Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0 Lack Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-neavvv

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; neävˈv Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :^CCC2CC A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; neävv Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; niâvˈvu Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) neävˈv Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; neävˈvan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^CCC2CC%> N_PIISSUZH ; niâvvuž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CCC2CC%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: neävvaž

• :^CCC2CC SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) neävv» CHECKME Sg_Loc_Px..

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; neävˈv
• :^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; neävv
• :^CCC2CC%>a PL-OBL ; neävvai

N_1A_VWCCC cf. _NEAVVV

• Yaml: N-peyttt

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; Peâtˈt Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :^CCC2CC A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; Peâtt Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; piõtˈtu Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) Peâtˈt Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; Peâtˈtan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^CCC2CC%> N_PIISSUZH ; niâvvuž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^CCC2CC%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: neävvaž

• :^CCC2CC SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) neävv» CHECKME Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_1A_VWYXX peäldd:peäldd N_1A_VWYXX Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_xyy Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0 Lack Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: piâlduž (2009: 310)

  N_A-URaise3-32 similar_to: N_JEAQRMM

• Yaml: N-pealdd

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; peäldd Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; peäld Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; piâlddu Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) peäldd Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; peälddan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^YXX2YX%> N_PIISSUZH ; piâlduž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: peäldaž

• :^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) peäld» Sg_Loc_Px..

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; peäldd

• :^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; peäld

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; peälddan

• LEXICON N_TUOAIMM tuåimm:tuåimm N_1A_VWUCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_vyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-tuaimm grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: not-raised
• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) tuoimmu
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>u SG-ILL ; tuåimmu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) tuåimm Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) tuåimm Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) tuåimman

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) tuåim Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise^YXX2YX N_PIISSUZH ; (9) tuoimuž (2009: 312-313)
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: tuåimaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (5) tuåim Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_KAPTEAEN kapteän:kapteän N_1A_VWC similar_to: N_PLAAN, N_SYSTEEQM gradation: no vowel_shift: no Is for nouns with -ast Loc a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• Yaml: N-pealdd

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; kapteän Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• : A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; kapteän Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :%>a SG-ILL ; kapteän Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) kapteän Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; kapteänan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kapteänaž

• : SG-LOC-PX ; (10) kapteän» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON NMN_FEDD Fedd:Fe^1VOWdd

  FORMS

• Yaml: fedd
• : SG-NOM ; Fedd
• :^V2VV SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; Feedd
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>u SG-ILL ; Feddu
• :%>a SG-ILL ; Fedda
• :^V2VV%>a SG-LOC ; Feeddast
• :^V2VV%>a SG-COM_IN ; Feeddain
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; Feddan
• :^V2VV%>a PL-OBL ; Feeddai
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV N_PIISSUZH ; Feedduž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: Fẹẹddaž

• LEXICON N_MEER meer:meer N_ Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_sing Is for nouns with -ast Loc, No gradation N_A-U1-11

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)

  Weak grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Weak grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: meer, steehl
• : SG-NOM ; meer
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; meer
• :%>u SG-ILL ; meeru
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>a SG-ILL ; meera
• :%>a SG-LOC ; meerast
• :%>a SG-COM_IN ; meerain
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; meeran
• :%>a PL-OBL ; meerai
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PIISSUZH ; meeruž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: mẹẹraž

• LEXICON N_VAEAEZHZH vääžž:vääžž N_ Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_dd_type Is for nouns with -ast Loc, No gradation N_A-U1-11

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)

  Weak grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Weak grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: A-vaeaezhzh
• : SG-NOM ; vääžž
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; vääžž
• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; vaažžu
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>a SG-ILL ; vääžža
• :%>a SG-LOC ; vääžžast
• :%>a SG-COM_IN ; vääžžain
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; vääžžan
• :%>a PL-OBL ; vääžžai
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^VOWRaise N_PIISSUZH ; vaažžuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vääžžaž

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_KUYLAZH ; vääžžaž

• LEXICON N_PLEYN pleân:pleân N_1A_VWC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_sing Is for nouns with -ast Loc, No gradation N_A-U1-11

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)

  Weak grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Weak grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-plean grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : SG-NOM ; pleân Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; pleân Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%>u SG-ILL ; pleânu
• :%>a SG-ILL ; pleâna
• :^PAL^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; pleâʹne Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) äldd Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; pleânan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PIISSUZH ; pleânuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: pleânaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : SG-LOC-PX ; (10) äld Sg_Loc_Px..

normative = PẸSS Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem

• Yaml: N-aekk grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_APTEEKK apteekk:apteekk normative = PẸSS Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem
• Yaml: N-aekk grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) apteekk Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: apteekkaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :^VV2V^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (5) aptek Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_LAEAEMPA läämpa:lämpp two-syllable Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem
• Yaml: N-laeaempa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: läämpaž

• Yaml: N-uulla FIXME 2016-07-14

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL TYPE, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON NMN_NELLJ nellj:nẹllj
• :^V2VV SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; Sg+Gen: nẹẹllj
• :a SG-ILL ; Sg+Ill: nẹllja

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON N_NUQBB nuʹbb:nubb N_1E_UQCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-nubb
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) nubb
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) nuʹbb-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_UQKK čuʹǩǩ:ču^1VOW{ʹØ}kk N_1E_UQKK Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-chukk
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čukk-
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čuʹkk-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) cuʹǩǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_TUQMM tuʹmm:tu^1VOW{ʹØ}mm N_1E_UQCC similar to N_TOLL Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) tumm-
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) tuʹm-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) tuʹmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_LUQCHCH luʹčč:lu^1VOW{ʹØ}čč N_1E_UQSS_UUQZZ similar to N_TOLL Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) lučč-
• :^PAL^KK2GAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) luʹj-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) luʹčč Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_NJUUQNN njuuʹnn:njuunn N_1E_UUQCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-njuunn
• There are several stem types
• njuuʹnn:njuuʹnn
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) njuunn-
• :^VV2V^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) njuʹn-

• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) njuʹnn Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_STUUQL stuuʹl:st^1VOWu{VU}l N_1E_UUQC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_vyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: ELSE Lowered: Sg.Ill e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: stuuʹl

  (2) Pl.Nom: stuuʹl

  (3) Sg.Ill: stooula

  (4) Sg.Loc: stuuʹlest

  (5) Sg.Com: stuuʹlin

  (6) Ess: stuuʹlen

  (7) Par: stuuʹled

  (8) Pl.Acc: stuuʹlid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: stooulaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-skuul
• There are several stem types
• stuuʹl:stuuʹl
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: stuuʹl
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: stuuʹl
• :^PAL^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: stuuʹl
• :^V2VV^VOWLower E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: stooula
• :^PAL^PALK SG-COM_IN ; ()2015-04-24 Is this correct
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; ()2015-04-24 Is this correct
• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; () ess and prt without
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) stuul-
• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) stuʹl-

• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_UQYKK kuʹrčč:ku^1VOW{ʹØ}rčč Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_xyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹrčč

  (2) Pl.Nom: kuuʹrč

  (3) Sg.Ill: korčča

  (4) Sg.Loc: kuuʹrčest

  (5) Sg.Com: kuuʹrčin

  (6) Ess: kuʹrččen

  (7) Par: kuʹrččed

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuuʹrčid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: koorčaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-kurchch
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kurčč-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuʹrč-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuʹrčč Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_UQYXX kuʹrčč:ku^1VOW{ʹØ}rčč
• LEXICON N_KUQRCHCH kuʹrčč:kurčč N_1E_UQYXX Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_xyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹrčč

  (2) Pl.Nom: kuuʹrč

  (3) Sg.Ill: korčča

  (4) Sg.Loc: kuuʹrčest

  (5) Sg.Com: kuuʹrčin

  (6) Ess: kuʹrččen

  (7) Par: kuʹrččed

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuuʹrčid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: koorčaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-kurchch
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kurčč-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuʹrč-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuʹrčč Ess+Px..

• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: uʹrmmen

• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: uuʹrm

• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) uSg.Com: uuʹrmin

• LEXICON N_PUIQCC puiʹcc:pu^1VOWi{ʹØ}cc N_1E_UIQCC

  (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹrčč

  (2) Pl.Nom: kuuʹrč

  (3) Sg.Ill: korčča

  (4) Sg.Loc: kuuʹrčest

  (5) Sg.Com: kuuʹrčin

  (6) Ess: kuʹrččen

  (7) Par: kuʹrččed

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuuʹrčid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: koorčaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-kurchch
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kurčč-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuʹrč-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuʹrčč Ess+Px..

• puiʹcc # examples:*
• puiʹcc: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Nom
• puuiʹc: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Gen
• puuiʹc: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Acc
• poicca: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Ill
• puuiʹcest: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Loc
• puiʹcstan: puiʹcc+N+Allegro+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• puuiʹcstan: puiʹcc+N+Largo+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• puuiʹcain: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Com
• puiʹccen: puiʹcc+N+Ess
• puiʹcced: puiʹcc+N+Par
• puuiʹctaa: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Abe
• puuiʹc: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Nom
• puuiʹci: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Gen
• puuiʹcid: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Acc
• puuiʹcid: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Ill
• puuiʹcin: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Loc
• puuiʹcivuiʹm: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Com
• puuiʹcitaa: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Abe
• pooicaž: puiʹcc+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

N_UQVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_xyy

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(1) Sg.Nom: kuʹvǯǯ

(2) Pl.Nom: kuʼvǯ

(3) Sg.Ill: kouǯǯa

(4) Sg.Loc: kuʹvǯest

(5) Sg.Com: kuʹvǯin

(6) Ess: kuʹvǯǯen

(7) Par: kuʹvǯǯed

(8) Pl.Acc: kuʹvǯid

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kouǯaž

NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kuvzz

• LEXICON N_1E_UQVKK tuʹvǩǩ:tu^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}kk N_1E_UQVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_vyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: tuʹvǩǩ

  (2) Pl.Nom: tuuʹǩ

  (3) Sg.Ill: toukka

  (4) Sg.Loc: tuuʹǩest

  (5) Sg.Com: tuuʹǩin

  (6) Ess: tuʹvǩǩen

  (7) Par: tuʹvǩǩed

  (8) Pl.Acc: tuuʹǩid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: tooukaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-juvjj
• :^V2VV^VOWLower^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; tooukaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) tuvkk-
• :^Allegro^PAL^YXX2VX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) tuʹǩ-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) tuʹvǩǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_JUQVJJ juʹvjj:ju^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}jj N_1E_UQVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_vyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: juʹvjj

  (2) Pl.Nom: juuʹj

  (3) Sg.Ill: joujja

  (4) Sg.Loc: juuʹjest

  (5) Sg.Com: juuʹjin

  (6) Ess: juʹvjjen

  (7) Par: juʹvjjed

  (8) Pl.Acc: juuʹjid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: jooujaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-juvjj
• :^V2VV^VOWLower^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; jooujaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) juvjj-
• :^Allegro^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) juʹj-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) juʹvjj Ess+Px..

• Yaml: N-vuess

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) vuâkk-
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vueʹǩǩ-

• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vueʹǩˈǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VWQSS vueʹss:vuâss
• LEXICON N_VUEQSS vueʹss:vuâss N_1E_VWQSS_VWQZZ Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-vuess

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) vuâss-
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vueʹss-

• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vueʹsˈs Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_IY/EQKK bieʹss:beâss N_1E_VWQSS Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-biess

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) beâss-
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) bieʹss-

• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) bieʹsˈs- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_IEQCC sǩieʹrr:sǩeâ{ʹØ}rr N_1E_VWQCC kueʹll

Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

FORMS

• Yaml: N-skhierr

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) beâss-
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) sǩieʹrs-

• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) sǩieʹrˈs- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SUEQJJ sueʹjj:suâjj N_1E_VWQCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

  similar_to: N_KHIOJJ, N_TUYJJ

• Yaml: N-suejj

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) suâjj-
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) sueʹj-
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) sueʹjˈj Ess+Px..

N_1E_UY/EQYKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_xyy similar_to: N_CHUOSHKK

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

FORMS

• Yaml: N-juelggj

• There are several stem types

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) juâlgg-
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jueʹlj-
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jueʹlǧǧ Ess+Px..

N_1E_VWQHCC

• :^PALE^PAL SG-ACC ; Num+Sg+Acc: kueʹhtt
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX SG-ABE ; Num+Sg+Abe: kueiʹtʼtaa
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX SG-GEN ; Num+Sg+Gen: kueiʹt
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX PL-NOM ; Num+Pl+Nom: kueiʹt

• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX%>e SG-LOC ; Num+Sg+Gen: kueiʹt

• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:^VOWRaise^PALÕ^PAL^YXX2IX SG-ABE ; Num+Sg+Gen: kuõiʹt
• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:^VOWRaise^PALÕ^PAL^YXX2IX SG-GEN ; Num+Sg+Gen: kuõiʹt
• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:^VOWRaise^PALÕ^PAL^YXX2IX PL-NOM ; Num+Pl+Nom: kuõiʹt

e.g. +Sg+Acc+PxPl3 e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; Num+Sg+Ill: kuâhtta
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>e SG-ILL ; Num+Sg+Ill: kueʹhtte
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâhtt-
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kueʹit-

• :^PALE^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kueʹhtt- Ess+Px..

• :^PALE^PAL SG-ACC ; Num+Sg+Acc: kuõʹhtt
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX SG-ABE ; Num+Sg+Abe: kuõiʹtʼtaa
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX SG-GEN ; Num+Sg+Gen: kuõiʹt
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX PL-NOM ; Num+Pl+Nom: kuõiʹt

• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX%>e SG-LOC ; Num+Sg+Gen: kuõiʹt

• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:^VOWRaise^PALÕ^PAL^YXX2IX SG-ABE ; Num+Sg+Gen: kuõiʹt
• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:^VOWRaise^PALÕ^PAL^YXX2IX SG-GEN ; Num+Sg+Gen: kuõiʹt
• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:^VOWRaise^PALÕ^PAL^YXX2IX PL-NOM ; Num+Pl+Nom: kuõiʹt

e.g. +Sg+Acc+PxPl3 e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• :^PALE^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; Num+Sg+Ill: kuõʹhtte
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2IX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuõʹit-

• :^PALE^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuõʹhtt- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VWQCC kueʹll:kuâ{ʹØ}ll
• LEXICON N_KUEQLL kueʹll:kuâ{ʹØ}ll N_1E_VWQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: kueʹll

  (2) Pl.Nom: kueʼl

  (3) Sg.Ill: kuâlˈla

  (4) Sg.Loc: kueʹlest

  (5) Sg.Com: kuõʹlin ~ kueʹlin

  (6) Ess: kueʹllen

  (7) Par: kueʹlled

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuõʹlid ~ kueʹlid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kuâlaž

• Yaml: N-kuell
• There are several stem types

• kueʹll:kuâll

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâll-
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kueʹl-

• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kueʹlˈl Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_UY/EQKKK mueʹǩˈǩ:muâkˈk N_1E_VWQCCC
• kueʹsˈs:kuâsˈs
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) kuâsˈsa
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK DenominalAdjsCShort ;
• :^PALE^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) kueʹsˈs
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) mueʹǩǩ
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) mueʹǩǩ
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) mueʹǩǩest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) kuõʹssin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK SG-COM_IN ; mueʹǩǩin
• :^PALE^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) kueʹsˈsen
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) kuõʹssid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; mueʹǩǩid
• :^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) kuâssaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâsˈs-
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹǩǩ-

• :^PALE^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mueʹǩˈǩ- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_KUEQSSS kueʹsˈs:kuâsˈs N_1E_VWQCCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

  (5) Sg.Com: kuõʹssin ~ kueʹssin

  (6) Ess: kueʹsˈsen

  (7) Par: kueʹsˈsed

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuõʹssid ~ kueʹssid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kuâssaž

• Yaml: N-kuell
• There are several stem types
• kueʹsˈs:kuâsˈs
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) kuâsˈsa
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC DenominalAdjsCShort ;
• :^PALE^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) kueʹsˈs
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) kueʹss
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; (2) kueʹss
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC%>e SG-LOC ; (4) kueʹssest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; (5) kuõʹssin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; kueʹssin
• :^PALE^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) kueʹsˈsen
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) kuõʹssid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; kueʹssid
• :^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) kuâssaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâsˈs-
• :^PALE^PAL^CCC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kueʹss-

• :^PALE^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kueʹsˈs- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_IY/EQKKK mieʹǩǩ:meâ{ʹØ}kˈk N_1E_VWQCCC
• mieʹǩǩ:meâkˈk
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) meâlˈla
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) mieʹlˈl
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) mieʹll
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) mieʹll
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) mieʹllest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) miõʹllin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK SG-COM_IN ; mieʹllin
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) mieʹlˈlen
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) miõʹllid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; mieʹllid
• :^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) meâllaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) meâlˈl-
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mieʹll-

• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mieʹlˈl Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MIEQLLL mieʹll:meâ{ʹØ}lˈl N_1E_VWQCCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

  (5) Sg.Com: miõʹllin ~ mieʹllin

  (6) Ess: mieʹlˈlen

  (7) Par: mieʹlˈled

  (8) Pl.Acc: miõʹllid ~ mieʹllid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: meâllaž

• Yaml: N-kuell
• There are several stem types
• mieʹll:meâlˈl
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) meâlˈla
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) mieʹlˈl
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) mieʹll
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; (2) mieʹll
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC%>e SG-LOC ; (4) mieʹllest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; (5) miõʹllin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; mieʹllin
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) mieʹlˈlen
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) miõʹllid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; mieʹllid
• :^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) meâllaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) meâlˈl-
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mieʹll-

• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mieʹlˈl Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SUEIQNN sueiʹnn:suâinn N_1E_VWUQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: sueiʹnn

  (2) Pl.Nom: sueiʼn

  (3) Sg.Ill: sueinna

  (4) Sg.Loc: sueiʹnest

  (5) Sg.Com: sueiʹnin

  (6) Ess: sueiʹnnen

  (7) Par: sueiʹnned

  (8) Pl.Acc: sueiʹnid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: sueinaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-sueinn
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) muârjj-
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹrj-
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹrj-

• :^PALE^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) sueiʹnn- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MUEQRJJ mueʹrjj:muâ{ʹØ}rjj N_1E_VWQYJJ

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-muerjj
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX DenominalAdjsCShort ;
• :^PALE^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: mueʹrjj
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Nom: muârjja
• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: mueʹrjest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• +Err/Orth:^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: mueʹrjin
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• +Err/Orth:^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: mueʹrjin
• :^PALE^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Pl.Nom: mueʹrjjen
• :^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: muârjaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) muârjj-
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹrj-

• :^PALE^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mueʹrjj Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MAAIQLM maaiʹlm:ma^1VOWilmm N_1E_

• Yaml: N-maailm
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: mueʹrjj
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Nom: muârjja
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: mueʹrjest
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Pl.Nom: mueʹrjjen
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: muârjaž
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) muârjj-
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) maiʹlm-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) maiʹlmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MUQZEI muʹzei:muʹze N_
• LEXICON NMN_MUQZEI muʹzei:muʹze muʹzei:muʹze

• Yaml: N-tuodhshteei

• LEXICON N_SYSTEEQM uʹčteeʹl:uʹčtẹẹ{ʹØ}l N_E_EEQC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-presidentt
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) uʹčteeʹl
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) uʹčteeʹl
• :^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) uʹčteeʹl
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) uʹčteela
• :^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; (4) uʹčteeʹlest
• :^PAL SG-COM_IN ; (5) uʹčteeʹlin
• :^PAL E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) uʹčteeʹlin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) uʹčteeʹlen
• : E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) uʹčteelaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) uʹčteel-
• :^VV2V^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) uʹčteʹl-

• :^VV2V^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

• :^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) uʹčteeʹl
• :^PAL E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) uʹčteeʹlin

• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) uʹčteeʹlen

• LEXICON N_1E_VVQC rååʹz:råå{ʹØ}z N_E_VVQC cf N_E_EEQC
• Yaml: N-presidentt
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) rååʹz
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) rååʹz
• :^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) rååʹz
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) rååza
• :^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; (4) rååʹzest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL SG-COM_IN ; (5) rooʹzin
• :^VOWRaise^PAL E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) rooʹzin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) rååʹzen
• : E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) rååzaž

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) rååz-

• LEXICON N_TEATTER teatter:teattẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}r

• LEXICON NMN_TEATTER teatter:teattẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}r

  FORMS

  N_ like N_1Â_ATOM

• Yaml: virvel
• : SG-NOM ; teatter
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PAL SG-NOM ; teatteʹr
• :^V2VV^PAL SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; teatteeʹr
• :^V2VV%>a SG-ILL ; teattẹẹra
• :^V2VV^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; teatteeʹrest
• :^V2VV^PAL%> SG-COM_IN ; teatteeʹrin
• :^V2VV^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; teatteeʹren
• :^V2VV^PAL%> PL-OBL ; teatteʹri

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV N_KUYLAZH ; teattẹẹraž

• LEXICON N_KANEQL kanel:kanẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}l N_E_EC_EEQC like N_1Â_ATOM
• Yaml: N-kanel
• : E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) kanel
• +Err/Orth-extra-q:^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) kaneʹl virveʹl <as it sounds, but not >
• :^V2VV^PAL E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) kaneeʹl virveeʹl
• :^V2VV^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) uʹčteeʹl
• :^V2VV E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) kanẹẹla, virvẹẹla
• :^V2VV^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; (4) kaneeʹlest, virveeʹlest
• :^V2VV^PAL SG-COM_IN ; (5) kaneeʹlin, virveeʹlin
• :^V2VV^PAL E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) kaneeʹlin, virveeʹlin
• :^V2VV^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) kaneeʹlen, virveeʹlen
• :^V2VV E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) kanẹẹlaž, virvẹẹlaž
• :^V2VV E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kaneel-
• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kaneʹl-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kaneʹl Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_IY/EQYXX ǩieʹmnn:ǩeâmnn
• LEXICON N_KHIEQMNN ǩieʹmnn:ǩeâmnn N_1E_IY/EQYXX

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹmnn

  (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹmn

  (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâmnna

  (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹmnest

  (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹmnin

  (6) Ess: ǩeʹmnnen

  (7) Par: ǩeʹmnned

  (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹmnid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâmnaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-aâlghgh
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ǩeâmnn-
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kieʹmn-
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kieʹmnn Ess+Px..

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION, ILLATIVE IN U NOMINALS

• LEXICON N_LAQB3H3H läʹbǯǯ:lä^1VOW{ʹØ}bǯǯ N_1U_VQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.1 Has Palatalization

  1.2.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-laebzz
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: lääbǯaž WORK NEEDED

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION, ILLATIVE IN A NOMINALS

e-stems

• LEXICON N_1E_VQKK låʹǩǩ:lå^1VOW{ʹØ}kk, äʹǩǩ:ä^1VOW{ʹØ}kk
• Yaml: N-vaell, N-kall strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel
• : E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) väll-
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) väʹl-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) väʹll Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VQCC väʹll:vä^1VOW{ʹØ}ll låʹdd:lå^1VOWdd
• LEXICON N_VAEQLL väʹll:väll N_1E_VQCC similar_to: N_1Â_VCC vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: yes consonantism: geminate

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-vaell, N-kall strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel
• : E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) väll-
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) väʹl-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) väʹll Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_EQCHCH eʹčč:ẹ^1VOWčč N_1E_EQSS_EEQZZ vowel_shift: no gradation: yes similarity: N_TOLL:N_KUSS:N_AQVV

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-ecch
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: eʹčč
• :^V2VV^PAL^KK2GG E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: eeʼjj
• :^V2VV^PAL^KK2GG PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: eeʼjj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: ẹčča
• :^V2VV^PAL^KK2GG%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: eeʹjjest
• :^V2VV^PAL^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: eeʹjjin
• :^V2VV^PAL^KK2GG E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: eeʹjjin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: eʹččen
• :^V2VV^KK2GG E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: eejjaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ẹčč-
• :^PAL^KK2GAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) eʹj-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) eʹčč Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_PEQKHKH peʹǩǩ:pẹ^1VOWkk N_1E_EQKK vowel_shift: no gradation: yes similarity: N_1Â_VCC

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-peqkhkh
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: peʹǩǩ
• :^V2VV^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeʼǩǩ
• :^V2VV^PAL^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeʼǩǩ
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pẹkka
• :^V2VV^PAL^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: peeʹǩǩest
• :^V2VV^PAL^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: peeʹǩǩin
• :^V2VV^PAL^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: peeʹǩǩin
• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: eʹččen
• :^V2VV E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: peekkaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ẹkk-
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) eʹǩ-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) eʹǩǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_AQVV äʹvv:ä^1VOW{ʹØ}vv N_1E_SVQCC SV = stable vowel vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: no gradation: yes similarity: N_TOLL:N_KUSS:N_EQCHCH

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-aevv
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ävv-
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) äʹv-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) äʹvv Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_STAEQLLJ stäʹllj:stä^1VOW{ʹØ}llj N_1E_VQCC_VVQC vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: yes gradation: yes similarity: N_TOLL:N_KUSS:N_EQCHCH:N_AQVV

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-staellj
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ställj-
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) stäʹlj-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) stäʹllj Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_EQCC peʹllj:pẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}llj
• LEXICON N_PEQLLJ peʹllj:pẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}llj N_1E_SVQCC vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: no gradation: yes

  FORMS

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) pellj-
• :^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) peʹlj-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peʹllj Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_AQKHKH äʹǩǩ:äkk N_1E_VQKK

• LEXICON N_1E_VVQKK lääʹǩǩ:lää{ʹØ}kk
• Yaml: N-saeaemm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säämm-
• :^VV2V^PAL^KK2GAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säʹm-

• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) säʹmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VVQCC sääʹmm:sää{ʹØ}mm

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-saeaemm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säämm-
• :^VV2V^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säʹm-

• :^VV2V^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) säʹmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHAAQCC čääʹcc:čääcc N_1E_VVQSS SS = SS-ZZ

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: caacc
• There are several stem types
• čääʹcc:čääʹcc
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) čääʹcc
• :^PAL^KK2GG E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) čääʼʒʒ
• :^PAL^KK2GG PL-NOM ; (2) čääʼʒʒ
• :^VV2V E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) čäcca
• :^PAL^KK2GG%>e SG-LOC ; (4) čääʼʒʒest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; (5) čaaʼʒʒin
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^KK2GG E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) čaaʼʒʒin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) čääʼccen
• :^KK2GG E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) čääʒʒaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čääcc-
• :^VV2V^PAL^KK2GAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čäʹʒ-

• :^VV2V^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) čäʹcc Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHAAQCC_PL čääʹʒʒ:čääcc
• +Cmp/SgNom:^PAL R ; (1) čääʹcc
• :^PAL^KK2GG PL-NOM ; (2) čääʼʒʒ
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^KK2GG E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) čaaʼʒʒin

• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) čääʼccen

• LEXICON N_EEQKHKH eeʹǩǩ:ẹẹ{ʹØ}kk N_1E_VVQKK

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-eekkj
• There are several stem types
• eeʹǩǩ:eeʹǩǩ
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) eeʹǩǩ
• :^PAL^KK2GG^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) eeʹjj
• :^PAL^KK2GG^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) eeʹjj
• :^VV2V E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) ẹkka
• :^PAL^KK2GG^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) eeʹjjest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^KK2GG^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) iiʹjjin
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^KK2GG^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) iiʹjjin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PAL^KK2GG^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) eeʹjjin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^PAL^KK2GG^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) eeʹjjin
• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) eeʹǩǩen
• :^KK2GG E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) čääʒʒaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ẹẹkk-
• :^VV2V^PAL^CC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) eʹǩ-

• :^VV2V^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) eʹǩǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_TEEQMM teeʹmm:teemm N_1E_EEQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-teemm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) teemm-
• :^VV2V^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) teʹm-

• :^VV2V^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_PAAQJJ pââʹjj:pââjj N_1E_VVQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (8) Pl.Acc: pââʹjid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pââjjaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-paajj
• There are several stem types
• pââʹjj:pââʹjj
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) pââʹjj
• :^PAL^CC2C E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) pââʹj
• :^VV2V E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) pâjja
• :^PAL^CC2C%>e SG-LOC ; (4) pââʹjest
• :^VOWRaise^PAL^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; (5) põõʹjin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) pââʹjjen
• :^PAL^CC2C PL-NOM ; (2) pââʹj
• +Err/Orth:^J2I^CC2C SG-GEN ; pââi – non-standard ref. Nuõrttsääʹm ǩiõlljuâǥǥtõõzz sååbbar 6.-7.4.2016
• +Err/Orth:^J2I^CC2C SG-ACC ; pââi – non-standard ref. Nuõrttsääʹm ǩiõlljuâǥǥtõõzz sååbbar 6.-7.4.2016
• +Err/Orth:^J2I^CC2C PL-NOM ; pââi – non-standard ref. Nuõrttsääʹm ǩiõlljuâǥǥtõõzz sååbbar 6.-7.4.2016
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) pââjj-
• :^VV2V^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) pâʹj-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) pâʹjj- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VQYKK käʹlbb:kälbb âʹlǧǧ:âlgg Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel
• Yaml: N-aâlghgh
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: âʹlǧǧ
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: âlgga
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ââʹljest
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin
• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ââlǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kälbb-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) käʹlb-
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) käʹlbb Ess+Px..
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj

• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin

• LEXICON N_1E_VQYKK_PL käʹlbb:kälbb âʹlǧǧ:âlgg Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-aâlghgh

• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ââlǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kälbb-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) käʹlb-
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) käʹlbb Ess+Px..
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj

• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin

• LEXICON N_1E_VQYXX käʹlbb:kälbb
• LEXICON N_KAQLBB käʹlbb:kälbb âʹlǧǧ:âlgg N_1E_VQYXX similar_to: N_ALGG

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-aâlghgh
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: âʹlǧǧ
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: âlgga
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ââʹljest
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ââlǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kälbb-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) käʹlb-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) käʹlbb Ess+Px..

• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen

• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj

• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin

• LEXICON N_1E_EQYKK fleʹšǩǩ:flẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}škk

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-argumentt
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: argumeʹntt
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: argumeeʹnt
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: argumeeʹnt
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: argumentta
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: argumeeʹntest
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: argumeeʹntin
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: argumeeʹntin
• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: argumeʹntten
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: argumeentaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) argumentt-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) argumeʹnt-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) argumeʹntt- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_EQYXX argumeʹntt:argumẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}ntt
• LEXICON N_TEQSTT argumeʹntt:argumentt N_1E_SVQYXX vowel: monophthong vowel_height_change: no

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-argumentt
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: argumeʹntt
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: argumeeʹnt
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: argumeeʹnt
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: argumentta
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: argumeeʹntest
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: argumeeʹntin
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: argumeeʹntin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: argumeʹntten
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: argumeentaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) argumentt-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) argumeʹnt-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) argumeʹntt- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VUQKK päiʹǩǩ:päikk
• LEXICON N_PAIQKHKH päiʹǩǩ:päikk N_1E_VUQKK

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-paeikk
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: päiʹǩǩ
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: pääiʹǩ
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: pääiʹǩ
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: päikka
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: pääiʹǩest
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: pääiʹǩin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: paaiʹǩin
• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: päiʹǩǩen
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK%> E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: paaiʹǩid
• +Err/Orth-vow-not-raised:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK%> E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: pääiʹǩid
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pääiǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) päikk-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) päiʹǩ-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) päiʹǩǩ- Ess+Px..

• päiʹǩǩ # examples:*
• päiʹǩǩ: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Nom
• pääiʹǩ: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Gen
• pääiʹǩ: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Acc
• päikka: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Ill
• pääiʹǩest: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc
• päiʹǩstan: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• pääiʹǩstan: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• pääiʹǩin: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Com
• päiʹǩǩen: päiʹǩǩ+N+Ess
• päiʹǩǩed: päiʹǩǩ+N+Par
• pääiʹǩtaa: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Abe
• pääiʹǩ: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Nom
• pääiʹǩi: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Gen
• pääiʹǩid: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Acc
• pääiʹǩid: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Ill
• pääiʹǩin: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Loc
• pääiʹǩivuiʹm: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Com
• pääiʹǩitaa: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Abe
• pääikaž: päiʹǩǩ+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom
• pääika: päiʹǩǩ+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

vowel: monophthong

• läuʹǩǩ # examples:*
• läuʹǩǩ: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Nom
• lääuʹǩ: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Gen
• lääuʹǩ: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Acc
• läukka: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Ill
• lääuʹǩest: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc
• läuʹǩstan: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• lääuʹǩstan: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• laauʹǩin: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Com
• läuʹǩǩen: läuʹǩǩ+N+Ess
• läuʹǩǩed: läuʹǩǩ+N+Par
• lääuʹǩtaa: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Abe
• lääuʹǩ: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Nom
• laauʹǩi: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Gen
• laauʹǩid: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Acc
• laauʹǩid: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Ill
• laauʹǩin: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Loc
• laauʹǩivuiʹm: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Com
• laauʹǩitaa: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Abe
• lääukaž: läuʹǩǩ+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• lääuka: läuʹǩǩ+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_HAAQSKH hääʹsǩ:hää{ʹØ}sk N_1E_SVVQYK SVV = stable long vowel
• Yaml: N-haeaesk
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• :^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: hääska
• :^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: hääʹsǩest
• :^PAL SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: hääʹsǩin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: hääʹsǩen
• :^PAL%> E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: hääʹsǩid
• : E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: hääskaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) hääsk-
• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) hääʹsǩ-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) hääʹsǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SAIQMM säiʹmm:säimm this may have zero vowel shift in plural N_1E_SVQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  vowel_shift: No e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-saeimm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säimm-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säiʹm-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) säiʹmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_KHEQDD ǩeʹdd:ǩe^1VOW{ʹØ}dd N_1E_JEQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹdd

  (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹdd

  (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâdˈda

  (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹddest

  (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹddin

  (6) Ess: ǩeʹdden

  (7) Par: ǩeʹdded

  (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹddid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâddaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kjedd WORK NEEDED FROM HERE DOWN

• LEXICON N_KHEQMNN ǩeʹmnn:ǩẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}mnn N_1E_JEQYXX

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹmnn

  (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹmn

  (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâmnna

  (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹmnest

  (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹmnin

  (6) Ess: ǩeʹmnnen

  (7) Par: ǩeʹmnned

  (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹmnid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâmnaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-aâlghgh

• ǩeʹmnn # examples:*
• ǩeʹmnn: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Nom
• ǩeeʹmn: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Gen
• ǩeeʹmn: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Acc
• ǩeâmnna: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Ill
• ǩeeʹmnest: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Loc
• ǩeʹmnstan: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ǩeeʹmnstan: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• jaauʹrin: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Com (Eng. ???)
• ǩeʹmnnen: ǩeʹmnn+N+Ess
• ǩeʹmnned: ǩeʹmnn+N+Par
• ǩeeʹmntaa: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Abe
• ǩeeʹmn: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Nom
• jaauʹri: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Gen
• jaauʹrid: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Acc
• jaauʹrid: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Ill
• jaauʹrin: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Loc
• jaauʹrivuiʹm: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Com
• jaauʹritaa: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Abe
• jääuraž: ǩeʹmnn+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• jääura: ǩeʹmnn+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_LAAIQJ lääiʹj:lääiǥ N_E_VUQKK

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-laeaeij

• LEXICON N_KHEQRJJ ǩeʹrjj:ǩerjj N_1E_EQYXX/VQYXX checkme

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kerjj
• :^PAL SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹrjj
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹrj
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹrj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: ǩẹrjja
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹrjest
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹrjin
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: ǩiiʹrjin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: ǩeʹrjjen
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩiiʹrjid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹrjid

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩẹẹrjaž

• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: ǩeʹrjjen
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩiiʹrjid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹrjid

• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹrj

• LEXICON N_TEQKSTT teʹkstt:tekstt N_SVQ.YXX same as TEQSTT gradation: yes vowel_shift: no

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kerjj
• :^PAL SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: teʹkstt
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: teeʹkst
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: teeʹkst
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: tekstta
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: teeʹkstest
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: teeʹkstin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: teʹkstten
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: teeʹkstid

• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: teekstaž

• LEXICON N_TAQHTT täʹhtt:tä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt N_1E_VQHCC similar_to: KÅHTT

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: täʹhtt

  (3) Sg.Ill: tähtta

  (4) Sg.Loc: tääutest

  NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-taehtt
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: täʹhtt
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: tääuʹt
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: tääuʹt
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: tähtta
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: tääuʹtest
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: tääuʹtin
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: tääuʹtin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: täʹhtten

• :^V2VV^PALNo^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; !(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: tääutaž

• +Cmp/SgNom:^PAL R ; (1) Sg.Nom: täʹhtt
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: tääuʹt
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: tääuʹtin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: täʹhtten

similar_to: KÅHTT

• Yaml: N-taehtt
• +Use/NG+Err/Orth:^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: käʹhcc
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: kääuʹc
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: kääuʹc
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: kääuʹc
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: tähtta
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2VX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: kääuʹcest
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: kääuʹcin
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: kääuʹcin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: täʹhtten

• :^V2VV^PALNo^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; !(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: tääutaž

• LEXICON N_RUQHSS ruʹhss:ruhss

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kerjj
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) ruʹhss
• :^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (3) ruuʹs
• :^PAL^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; (3) ruuʹs
• :^VOWLower E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) rohssa
• :^PAL^YXX2VX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) ruuʹsest
• :^PAL^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; (5) ruuʹsin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) ruʹhssen
• :^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) ruuʹsin
• :^V2VV^VOWLower^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) roousaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ruhss-
• :^VV2V^PAL^YXX2VX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) ruʹs-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) ruʹhss Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VUQCC jäuʹrr:jä^1VOWu{ʹØ}rr
• LEXICON N_JAEUQRR jäuʹrr:jä^1VOWu{ʹØ}rr similar_to: N_AUTT

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-jaurr
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jäurr
• :^VV2V^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jäuʹr

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jäuʹrr Ess+Px..

• jäuʹrr # examples:*
• jäuʹrr: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Nom
• jääuʹr: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Gen
• jääuʹr: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Acc
• jäurra: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Ill
• jääuʹrest: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Loc
• jäuʹrstan: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• jääuʹrstan: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• jaauʹrin: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Com
• jäuʹrren: jäuʹrr+N+Ess
• jäuʹrred: jäuʹrr+N+Par
• jääuʹrtaa: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Abe
• jääuʹr: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Nom
• jaauʹri: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Gen
• jaauʹrid: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Acc
• jaauʹrid: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Ill
• jaauʹrin: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Loc
• jaauʹrivuiʹm: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Com
• jaauʹritaa: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Abe
• jääuraž: jäuʹrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• jääura: jäuʹrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_NEIQBB jäuʹrr:jäurr similar_to: N_AUTT

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised or lowered: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE between _PEIQVV and _JAEUQRR e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-jaurr
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) nẹibb
• :^VV2V^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) neiʹb

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) neiʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_EUQKK teiʹǧǧ:tẹ^1VOWi{ʹØ}gg

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-peivv
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: teiʹǧǧ
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: teeiʼǧ
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: tẹigga
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: teeiʹǧest
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: teeiʹǧin
• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: peiʹvven
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: peeiʹvid
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹivaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) pẹivv-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) peiʹv-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peiʹvv Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_EUQCC peiʹvv:pẹ^1VOWi{ʹØ}vv cf neiʹbb
• LEXICON N_PEIQVV peiʹvv:pẹ^1VOWi{ʹØ}vv

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-peivv
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: peiʹvv
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pẹivva
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: peeiʹvest
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: peeiʹvin
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: peiʹvven
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: peeiʹvid
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹivaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) pẹivv-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) peiʹv-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peiʹvv Ess+Px..

• +Cmp/SgNom:^PAL R ; (1) Sg.Nom: peiʹvv
• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: peiʹvven

• :^V2VV^PAL^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: peeiʹvid

• LEXICON N_PIEAQSS pieʹss:peäss

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: ELSE Lowered: Sg.Ill e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (8) Pl.Acc: pieʹzzid

• Yaml: N-piess, N-kjiechch

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) peäss-
• :^PAL^KK2GAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) piẹʹz-

• :^PAL^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peäʹsˈs Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_IEAQKK lieʹǩǩ:leä{ʹØ}kk

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: ELSE Lowered: Sg.Ill e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (8) Pl.Acc: pieʹzzid

• Yaml: N-piess, N-kjiechch

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) peäss-
• :^PAL^KK2GAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) piẹʹz-

• :^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peäʹsˈs Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SUEAQKHKH sueʹǩǩ:suä{ʹØ}kk

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-suekkj

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) suäkk-
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^Allegro^PAL^KK2GAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) suẹˈʹj-

• :^PAL^CC2CCC^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) suäʹǩˈǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_KUEAQTT kuẹʹtt:kuätt similar_to: N_SUEAQKHKH

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-kuett
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuätt-
• :^PAL^CC2C E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuẹʹđ-

• :^PAL^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuäʹtˈt- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_NUEAQJJ nuẹʹjj:nuäjj

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-nuejj similar_to: N_KHIOJJ, N_TUYJJ, N_SUEQJJ

• LEXICON N_VIEQMM vieʹmm:veâmm similar_to: N_SUEAQKHKH

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-vieqmm
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) veâmm-
• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vieʹm-

• :^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vieʹmˈm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_VUEAIQVV vuẹiʹvv:vuäivv

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: vuẹiʹvv

  (2) Pl.Nom: vuẹiʼv

  (3) Sg.Ill: vuäivva

  (4) Sg.Loc: vuẹiʹvest

  (5) Sg.Com: vueiʹvin

  (6) Ess: vuẹiʹvven

  (7) Par: vuẹiʹvved

  (8) Pl.Acc: vueiʹvid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: vuäivaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-vueivv
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) vuäivv-
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vuẹiʹv-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vuäiʹvv- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHUAQRVV čuäʹrvv:čuärvv

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: čuäʹrvv

  (2) Pl.Nom: čuẹʼrv

  (3) Sg.Ill: čuärvva

  (4) Sg.Loc: čuẹʹrvest

  (5) Sg.Com: čueʹrvin

  (6) Ess: čuäʹrvven

  (7) Par: čuäʹrvved

  (8) Pl.Acc: čueʹrvid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: čuärvaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-chuaervv
• There are several stem types čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Nom čuäʹrvv čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Gen čuẹʼrv čuẹʼrv čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Ill čuärvva čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Loc čuẹʼrvest čuäʹrvv+N+Ess čuäʼrvven čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Com čueʼrvin čuäʹrvv+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom čuärvaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čuärvv-
• :^PALẸ^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čuẹʹrv- čuäʹrvv+N+Ess+PxSg1 (12) čuäʹrvvinan

čuäʹrvv čuẹʼrv čuäʹrvv+N+Ess čuäʼrvven

• LEXICON N_1E_UAQYKK juäʹtǩǩ:juä{ʹØ}tkk

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: čuäʹrvv

  (2) Pl.Nom: čuẹʼrv

  (3) Sg.Ill: čuärvva

  (4) Sg.Loc: čuẹʹrvest

  (5) Sg.Com: čueʹrvin

  (6) Ess: čuäʹrvven

  (7) Par: čuäʹrvved

  (8) Pl.Acc: čueʹrvid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: čuärvaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-chuaervv
• There are several stem types juäʹtǩǩ+N+Sg+Nom juäʹtǩǩ čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Gen čuẹʼrv čuẹʼrv čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Ill čuärvva čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Loc čuẹʼrvest čuäʹrvv+N+Ess čuäʼrvven čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Com čueʼrvin čuäʹrvv+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom čuärvaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čuärvv-

• :^PALẸ^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čuẹʹrv- čuäʹrvv+N+Ess+PxSg1 (12) čuäʹrvvinan

• LEXICON N_NEUQLL neuʹll:ne^1VOWull

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: neuʹll

  (2) Pl.Nom: neeuʹl

  (3) Sg.Ill: neâulla

  (4) Sg.Loc: neeuʹlest

  (5) Sg.Com: neeuʹlin

  (6) Ess: neuʹllen

  (7) Par: neuʹlled

  (8) Pl.Acc: neeuʹlid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: neâulaž

• Yaml: N-neull
• There are several stem types

• neuʹll:neâull

• LEXICON N_1E_EAQKKK jeäʹǧǧ:jeä{ʹØ}gˈg
• Yaml: N-jeaggj
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) jeägˈga
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) jeäʹǧˈǧ
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) jiẹʹǧǧest
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) jieʹǧǧin
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) jieʹǧǧin

• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) jeäʹǧˈǧen, (7) jeäʹǧˈǧed

• :^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) jeäggaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeägˈg-
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^Allegro^PAL^CCC2CAllegro^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹˈʹǧ-
• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹǧˈǧ

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (2)

• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) jieʹǧǧin

• :^PAL^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) jeäʹǧˈǧen, (7) jeäʹǧˈǧed

• LEXICON N_JEAQNNN jeäʹnn:jeä{ʹØ}nˈn, vuäʹbb:vuä{ʹØ}bˈb

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: ELSE Lowered: Sg.Ill e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-jeaggj
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) jeägˈga
• :^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) jeäʹǧˈǧ
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC%>e SG-LOC ; (4) jiẹʹǧǧest
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; (5) jieʹǧǧin
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) jieʹǧǧin

• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) jeäʹǧˈǧen, (7) jeäʹǧˈǧed

• :^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) jeäggaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeägˈg-
• :^VOWRaise^PALẸ^Allegro^PAL^CCC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹˈʹǧ-
• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹǧˈǧ

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (2)

• jeäʹnn # examples:* jeäʹnˈn: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Nom jiẹʹnn: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Gen jiẹʹnn: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Acc jeänˈna: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Ill jiẹʹnnest: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Loc jiẹˈʹnstan: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 jiẹʹnnstan: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 jieʹnnin: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Com jeäʹnˈnen: jeäʹnn+N+Ess jeäʹnˈned: jeäʹnn+N+Par jiẹʹnntaa: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Abe jiẹʹnn: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Nom jieʹnni: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Gen jieʹnnid: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Acc jieʹnnid: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Ill jieʹnnin: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Loc jieʹnnivuiʹm: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Com jieʹnnitaa: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Abe jeännaž: jeäʹnn+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom jeänna: jeäʹnn+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON E-STEM_SG-NOM (1)

• LEXICON E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN (2) e.g. +Sg+Acc+PxPl3 e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 låʹdd » lååʹddi; it should be lå’dd » loo’ddi

• LEXICON E-STEM_SG-ILL (3)

• LEXICON E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH (9)

• There are several stem types
• jeäʹrǧǧ:jeäʹrǧǧ
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeärgg-
• :^PALẸ^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹʹrj-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹrmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_JEAQRMM jeäʹrǧǧ:jeärgg

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-jeaerggj, N-keadgg
• There are several stem types
• jeäʹrǧǧ:jeäʹrǧǧ
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeärgg-
• :^PALẸ^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹʹrj-

• :^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹrmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_REAEIQGHGH reäiʹǧǧ:reäigg

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-jeaerggj, N-keadgg
• There are several stem types
• jeäʹrǧǧ:jeäʹrǧǧ
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) reäigg-
• :^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) reäiʹj-

• :^PAL^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) reäiʹǧǧ Ess+Px..

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) reâmjj- CHECKME 2016-08-19
• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) rieʹmj-

• :^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) rieʹmjj Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHIOQLJ čiõʹlj:čeâ{ʹØ}lǥ

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čeâlǥ- CHECKME 2016-08-19
• :^VOWRaise^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čiõʹlj-
• :^VOWRaise^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

WHAT IS THIS CLASS

• LEXICON N_KUQMPP kuʹmpp:kumpp N_E-EPal3-31

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-kumpp ???* There are several stem types

• kuʹmpp:kuʹmpp NumContLex=”1.1140000000000001”

• LEXICON N_CEEQL ceeʹl:cẹẹ{ʹØ}l N_E-EPal3-31

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-ceeql ???* There are several stem types

• ceeʹl:cẹẹ{ʹØ}l

• LEXICON N_BAEQNDD bäʹndd:kumpp N_E-EPal3-31

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-kumpp ???* There are several stem types

• bäʹndd:kuʹmpp NumContLex=”1.1140000000000001”

• LEXICON N_KRIQLCC kriʹlcc:kri^1VOW{ʹØ}lcc

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-krilcc ???* There are several stem types
• kriʹlcc:kriʹlcc

gradation: yes

FORMS

• Yaml: N-krilcc ???* There are several stem types

• kriʹlcc:kriʹlcc

• LEXICON N_DIQLL diʹll:di^1VOW{ʹØ}ll

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-dill

• LEXICON N_CUUQDD cuuʹdd:cuu{ʹØ}dd

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-dill

• LEXICON N_KAAQFF kaaʹff:kaaʹff

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kaaff ???* There are several stem types

• kaaʹff:kaaʹff NumContLex=”1.1140000000000001”

• LEXICON N_KLAAQDD klaaʹdd:klaadd X2 no gradation; no lowering no raising Sg_Ill=”palatalization|e-final” cf. plaan
• Yaml: N-klaadd New

These must be checked 2017-04-03

• LEXICON N_ZEEQTT zeeʹtt:zẹẹtt

FORMS

• Yaml: N-zeett

• LEXICON N_POAOAQMH pååʹmh:påå{ʹØ}mh

FORMS

• Yaml: N-zeett

• LEXICON N_LUUKK

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

  1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  1.1.3.2 LACKS Gradation

  1.1.3.2.1 Monophthong

  1.1.3.2.1.1 Consonant Geminate

  1.1.3.2.1.1.2 Sg.Nom Strong Grade

  1.1.3.2.1.1.2.2.Sg.Gen Strong Grade

  1.1.3.2.1.1.2.2.2 Sg.Ill Strong Grade

  luukk:luukk is for nouns with -âst Loc and no gradation. N_Y-EPal1-11, N_Y-EPal2-22

• Yaml: saarf, luukk
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• LEXICON N_BIOLOOG bioloog:bioloog

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  2.1.3.3 Lacks Gradation (in last syllable)

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom long vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

  bioloog:bioloog

• Yaml: N-bioloog
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; bioloog-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; biolooʹǧ-

• LEXICON N_JARPLAAN

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

  jarplan:jarplan

• Yaml: N-jarplaan
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• LEXICON N_1Â_ATOM atom:ato^1VOW{ʹØ}m like VIRVEL, KANEL

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

  atom:atom

• Yaml: N-atom
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• LEXICON N_ESAI Esai:Esa^1VOW{ʹØ}i

• LEXICON NMN_ESAI Esai:Esa^1VOW{ʹØ}i

• Yaml: esai

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• LEXICON N_1Â_VK_VVKK_errorth äʹmmrik:äʹmmri^1VOW{ʹØ}k like KAADHNEKH
• LEXICON N_1Â_VK_VVKK äʹmmrik:äʹmmri^1VOW{ʹØ}k like KAADHNEKH ä’mmrik:äʹmmri^1VOW{ʹØ}k
• Yaml: N-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^C2CC N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• LEXICON N_BLOUSLOV blouslõv:blouslõ^1VOWv CHECKME
• Yaml: N-blouslov
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• LEXICON N_EVANHGHEQLIUM evaŋǧeʹlium:evaŋǧeʹlium evaŋǧeʹlium:evaŋǧeʹlium
• Yaml: N-evaŋǧeʹlium
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:^V2VV^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• LEXICON N_AIHAM aiham:aiham

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -ast. a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -a

  2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill extra Strong Grade

• Yaml: N-aiham

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with high stem vowel and i-stems

• LEXICON N_JUURD juurd:ju^1VOWrdd
• LEXICON NMN_JUURD juurd:ju^1VOWrdd is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par N_GEN2I-ILLAX3-LOCEX3-NOM1X1
• Yaml: N-juurd
• There are several stem types
• juurd:juurd
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• +Err/Orth:%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_AAZZ aazz:a^1VOWss
• LEXICON NMN_AAZZ aazz:a^1VOWss
• Yaml: N-aazz
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• +Err/Orth:%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KOODH koođ:ko^1VOWđđ
• LEXICON NMN_KOODH koođ:ko^1VOWđđ is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-koodh
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• +Err/Orth:%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KAAV kaav:kaapp
• LEXICON NMN_KAAV kaav:kaapp is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-kaav
• There are several stem types
• :%>{ʼØ}j%>e ESS/PAR ; kaappjân
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>{ʼØ}j%>â ESS/PAR ; kaappjân
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^CC2C%>â ESS/PAR ; kaavân
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_JAAM jaam:ja^1VOWmm
• LEXICON NMN_JAAM kaav:kaapp is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-jaam
• There are several stem types
• :%>{ʼØ}j%>e ESS/PAR ; jammjân
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>{ʼØ}j%>â ESS/PAR ; jammjân
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^V2VV^CC2C%>â ESS/PAR ; jaamân
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_POOUS poous:po^1VOWhss
• LEXICON NMN_POOUS poous:po^1VOWhss is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par N_GEN2I-ILLAX3-LOCEX3-NOM1X1
• Yaml: N-poous
• There are several stem types
• poous:poous
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_MAADD maadd:madd
• LEXICON NMN_MAADD maadd:madd is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-maadd
• There are several stem types

• maadd:maadd strong_geminate, long_vowel, no-palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, no-palatalization, high_stem_vowel

• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_LIOV liõv:liõpp
• Yaml: N-liov
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_MUOTT muõtt:muõtˈt is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-muott
• There are several stem types
• muõtt:muõtt
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SUOL suõl:suõlˈl is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-suol
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PUOADH puåđ:puått is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-puadh
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_MUOARD muård:muårdd
• Yaml: N-muard
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_MUU3 muuʒ:muvʒʒ
• LEXICON NMN_MUU3 muuʒ:muvʒʒ

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.3.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)

  Weak grade: Sg.Nom Extra strong grade: Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Extra strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: muuʒ

  (2) Pl.Nom: muvʒʒi

  (3) Sg.Ill: muvʒʒǥa

  (4) Sg.Loc: muvʒʒjest

  (5) Sg.Com: muvʒʒin

  (6) Ess: muvʒʒen

  (7) Par: muvʒʒed

  (8) Pl.Acc: muvʒʒjid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom:

• Yaml: N-muuz
• There are several stem types
• muuʒ:muvʒʒi
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with low stem vowel and u-stems

u-stems

• LEXICON N_MAEAEN mään:ma^1VOWnn
• LEXICON NMN_MAEAEN mään:ma^1VOWnn

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 228)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ust. u-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.3 Sg.Ill in raised vowel and -u

  1.2.3.1 Has Gradation

  1.2.3.1.1 Monophthong

  1.2.3.1.1.1 Consonant Geminate (W2XSt)

  1.2.3.1.1.1.1 Sg.Nom Weak Grade

  1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.Sg.Gen Extra Strong Grade

  1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.3 Sg.Ill Extra Strong Grade

  1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.3.Q All but Sg.Nom are raised vowels

• Yaml: N-maan
• There are several stem types
• :^V2VV^VOWLower^CC2C SG-NOM ; mään

• :%>u SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; mannu

• LEXICON N_PYYGG pââgg:põgg
• LEXICON NMN_PYYGG pââgg:põgg
• Yaml: N-paagg
• There are several stem types
• :^V2VV^VOWLower SG-NOM ; pââgg
• :%>u SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; põggu

• :%>u PL-NOM ; põggu

• LEXICON N_NJOORGX njoorǥ:njurgg
• LEXICON NMN_NJOORGX njoorǥ:njurgg
• Yaml: N-paagg
• There are several stem types
• :^V2VV^VOWLower^YXX2YX SG-NOM ; njoorǥ
• :%>u SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; njurggu

• :%>u PL-NOM ; njurggu

• LEXICON N_SUYL suâl:suõlˈl
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-sual

• There are several stem types

• LEXICON N_KUYUS kuâus:kuõhss
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-kuyus

• There are several stem types

• LEXICON N_CUYBB cuâbb:cuõbˈb
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-sual

• There are several stem types

• LEXICON N_CHUYNJ čuânj:čuõnˈnj
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-sual

• Ther aere several stem types

• LEXICON N_PUYGXGX puâǥǥ:puõkˈk
• is for nouns with -est +Loc

• Yaml: N-puaghgh

• LEXICON N_PUA33 puäʒʒ:puõcˈc
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-sual
• There are several stem types
• puäʒʒ:puõcˈc

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with high stem vowel and â-stems

• LEXICON N_PIIDH piiđ:pitt
• is for nouns with -âst +Loc
• Yaml: N-piidh
• There are several stem types
• piiđ:pitt
• :^V2VV^CC2C SG-NOM ; (1) piiđ
• :^V2VV^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) piiđ
• :^V2VV^PAL^CC2C%>e SG-ILL ; (3) piiʹđe
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>u SG-ILL ; (3) pittu
• :^V2VV^CC2Câ SG-LOC ; (4) piiđâst
• :^V2VV^CC2C SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5)

• :^V2VV^CC2Câ ESS/PAR ; (6)

• LEXICON N_OODHI oođi:oođ
• LEXICON NMN_OODHI oođi:oođ
• Yaml: N-oodhi
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 3 HIGH VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

m-stems

• LEXICON N_LAAJJ laajj:la^1VOWčč
• LEXICON NMN_LAAJJ laajj:la^1VOWčč

• Yaml: N-laajj

• LEXICON N_OODH õõđ:õ^1VOWđđ
• LEXICON NMN_OODH õõđ:õ^1VOWđđ

• Yaml: N-oodhdh

• LEXICON N_NUORTI nuõrti:nuõrtt
• LEXICON NMN_NUORTI nuõrti:nuõrtt

• Yaml: N-nuorti

• LEXICON N_SOOUS sõõus:sõhss
• Yaml:

• LEXICON NMN_SOOUS sõõus:sõ^1VOWhss

• LEXICON N_LAAUR laaur:laurr
• LEXICON NMN_LAAUR laaur:laurr

• Yaml:

• LEXICON N_VYYID vââid:võ^1VOWidd
• LEXICON NMN_VYYID vââid:võ^1VOWidd
• Yaml: N-vyyid similar_to:

CLASS 3

n-stems

• LEXICON N_SIOM = siõm:siõmˈm
• LEXICON NMN_SIOM = siõm:siõmˈm

• Yaml: N-siom

• LEXICON N_2A_SYYV = sââv:sââvv
• LEXICON NMN_2A_SYYV = sââv:sââvv

• Yaml: N-siom

• LEXICON N_SEAEM = seäm:seämˈm
• LEXICON NMN_SEAEM = seäm:seämˈm

• Yaml: N-siom

• LEXICON N_VUYSK vuâsk:vuâskk
• LEXICON NMN_VUYSK vuâsk:vuâskk

• Yaml: N-kuolban similar_to:N_KUOLBYN

• LEXICON N_KHIYLGX ǩiâlǥ:ǩiâlgg
• LEXICON NMN_KHIYLGX ǩiâlǥ:ǩiâlgg

• Yaml: N-kuolban similar_to:N_KUOLBYN

• LEXICON N_KUOLBYN kuõlbân:kuõlbb
• LEXICON NMN_KUOLBYN kuõlbân:kuõlbb

• Yaml: N-kuolban

• LEXICON N_SIEQM sieʹm:siâmˈm stemtype Am-stem

• Yaml: N-siem

• LEXICON N_LUEQM lueʹm:luâmˈm stemtype Am-stem
• Yaml: N-luem

CLASS 3

• LEXICON N_VUEQN vueʹn:vuânˈn stemtype Am-stem
• Yaml: vuen

Are these actually necessary 2015-05-30

• LEXICON N_CHYYQDH čââʹđ:čâđđ
• Yaml: N-caad

• čââʹđ:čââʹđ

• LEXICON N_CHUEQNJ čueʹnj:čuânˈnj stemtype Aǥ-stem
• Yaml: N-chuenj

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, HIGH VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE Â:0

• LEXICON N_KOONJYL kõõnjâl:k^1VOWõnnjâl
• LEXICON NMN_KOONJYL kõõnjâl:k^1VOWõnnjâl similar to TOLL
• Yaml: koonjal

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VOONYS võõnâs:võ^1VOWnnâs
• LEXICON NMN_VOONYS võõnâs:võnnâs like TOLL

N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-voonas

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHOOGXGXYS čõõǥǥâs:čõ^1VOWkkâs
• LEXICON NMN_CHOOGXGXYS čõõǥǥâs:čõkkâs like KUSS

N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-chooghghas

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KOODDYS kõõddâs:kõddâs
• LEXICON NMN_KOODDYS kõõddâs:kõddâs like N_PODD, N_1Â_VCC, N_LUUBBYL
• Yaml: N-kooddas

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_LUUBBYL luubbâl:lubbâl
• LEXICON NMN_LUUBBYL luubbâl:lubbâl like PODD but also PAPP, N_KOODDYS
• Yaml: N-luubbal

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_TAALKYS taalkâs:ta^1VOWlkkâs
• LEXICON NMN_TAALKYS taalkâs:talkkâs like PÕRTT
• Yaml: N-taalkas

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_TAALKYS_PL taalkâs:ta^1VOWlkkâs

• LEXICON N_PIIUTYS piiutâs:pihttâs
• LEXICON NMN_PIIUTYS piiutâs:pihttâs like N_VAHTT stemtype n-stem piiutâs:piiutâs
• Yaml: N-piiutas
• :^Pen^V2VV^Pen^YXX2VX SG-NOM ; piiutâs
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-
• LEXICON N_PIIUTYS_PL piiutâs:pihttâs

• +Cmp/SgNom:^Pen^V2VV^Pen^YXX2VX R ; piiutâs

• LEXICON N_KOONTYR koontâr:ko^1VOWnttâr like N_ALGG, N_TAALKYS, N_AAUTYR stemtype n-stem koontâr:koontâr
• Yaml: N-koontar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_AAUTYR aautâr:ahttâr like N_ALGG, N_TAALKYS, N_AAUTYR stemtype n-stem aautâr:aautâr
• Yaml: N-aautar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_RIIPYS riipâs:rijppâs like N_ALGG, N_TAALKYS, N_AAUTYR stemtype n-stem aautâr:aautâr
• Yaml: N-aautar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHIIUGXYN ǩiiuǥân:ǩi^1VOWuggân

• LEXICON NMN_KHIIUGXYN ǩiiuǥân:ǩi^1VOWuggân stemtype n-stem ǩiiuǥân:ǩiiuǥân

• Yaml: N-kiiughan

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHIOTKYM ǩiõtkâm:ǩiõtkkâm

• LEXICON NMN_KHIOTKYM ǩiõtkâm:ǩiõtkkâm

• Yaml: N-kiotkam

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_FIINYS fiinâs:fijnnâs

• LEXICON NMN_FIINYS fiinâs:fijnnâs stemtype n-stem fiinâs:fiinâs

• Yaml: A-fiinas
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, HIGH VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON N_TUOVYS tuõvâs:tuõvˈvâs
• LEXICON NMN_TUOVYS tuõvâs:tuõvˈvâs
• Yaml: N-tuovas

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• Yaml: N-kuadhdhas

• LEXICON N_VUONJYL vuõnjâl:vuõnnjâl
• LEXICON NMN_VUONJYL vuõnjâl:vuõnnjâl
• Yaml: N-tuovas

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUOIVYS vuõivâs:vuõivvâs

• LEXICON NMN_VUOIVYS vuõivâs:vuõivvâs

• Yaml: N-vuoivas
• :^Pen^YXX2YX SG-NOM ; (1) Sg_Nom: vuõivâs
• :^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl_Nom: vuõivvâz
• :^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; (3) Sg_Ill: vuõivvsa
• :^RmVow%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg_Loc: vuõivvsest
• :^RmVow SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5) Sg_Com: vuõivvsin
• :^RmVow%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: vuõivvsen

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_TUODDYR tuõddâr:tuõdˈdâr
• LEXICON NMN_TUODDYR tuõddâr:tuõdˈdâr N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHIOGXGXYR čiõǥǥâr:čiõkˈkâr
• LEXICON NMN_CHIOGXGXYR čiõǥǥâr:čiõkˈkâr N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PUAEGXGXANJ tuõddâr:tuõdˈdâr
• LEXICON NMN_PUAEGXGXANJ puäǥǥanj:puäkˈkanj N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; puäkˈknj-

• LEXICON N_VUAEDHANJ vuäđanj:vuäđˈđanj
• LEXICON NMN_VUAEDHANJ vuäđanj:vuäđˈđanj N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; vuäđˈđnj-

• LEXICON N_CHOAOAGXGXAM čååǥǥam:čååkkam
• LEXICON NMN_CHOAOAGXGXAM čååǥǥam:čååkkam N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; čååkkm-

• LEXICON N_RUODDYS ruõddâs:ruõdˈdâs
• LEXICON NMN_RUODDYS ruõddâs:ruõdˈdâs N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_NAQZVAANASH_PL naʹzvaanâš:naʹzvaanâš

• LEXICON N_COOGGYLM cõõggâlm:cõõggâlm stemtype l-stem cõõggâlm:cõõggâlm
• NMN_COOGGYLM = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: cooggalm, aaresm, kaaddask

• :^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SIIVALM siivâlm:siivâlm stemtype l-stem siivâlm:siivâlm
• NMN_SIIVALM = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-siivalm

• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_LOOBBYSHKH loobbâšǩ:loobbâšǩ
• NMN_LOOBBYSHKH = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: cooggalm, aaresm, kaaddask

• :^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow^PALNo VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns- CHECKME

• NMN_LOOBBYSHKH = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)

• Yaml: cooggalm, aaresm, kaaddask

• LEXICON N_TOOBDYLM toobdâlm:toobdâlm
• Yaml: cooggalm, aaresm, kaaddask

• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; tobdlm- CHECKME

• LEXICON N_IILYSKH iilâsǩ:iilâsǩ
• Yaml: N-iilask
• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow^PALNo VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns- CHECKME

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION N_2_AANAR stemtype n-stem jânnam:jânnam N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-jânnam
• : SG-NOM ; (1) ceerkav
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) ceerkav
• :^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; (3) ceerkva
• :^RmVow%>e SG-LOC ; (4) ceerkvest
• :^RmVow SG-COM_IN ; (5) ceerkvin
• :^RmVow%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) ceerkven
• : PL-NOM ; (2) ceerkav
• :^RmVow PL-OBL ; (5) ceerkvin
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; ceerkv-

gradation: no “1.2”

• LEXICON N_SOAOABBAR sååbbar:s^1VOWåbbar
• LEXICON NMN_SOAOABBAR sååbbar:s^1VOWåbbar N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-sååbbar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KOAOADDAS kååddas:kå^1VOWddas N_LBVVCC_as
• LEXICON NMN_KOAOADDAS kååddas:kåddas N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-kååddas

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; kådds-

• LEXICON N_KOALVAK kåålvak:kåålvak
• LEXICON NMN_KOALVAK kåålvak:kåålvak stemtype n-stem kåålvak:kåålvak Palatalization loss in Sg.Ill
• Yaml: N-paattakj
• :^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: kåålvka
• :^RmVow^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc: kåålvǩest

• :^RmVow^PALK VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_AACCIKH pååttaǩ:pååttak
• LEXICON NMN_AACCIKH pååttaǩ:pååttak stemtype n-stem pååttaǩ:pååttak Palatalization loss in Sg.Ill
• Yaml: N-paattakj
• :^RmVow^PALNo VOONYS-STEM-PX-WITHOUT-PAL ; ååʹblk-

• :^RmVow^PALK VOONYS-STEM-PX-WITH-PAL ; ååʹblǩ-

• : VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_CHIOPPYRJ čiõppârj:čiõppâr stemtype n-stem jânnam:jânnam N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-jânnam

• :^RmVow%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KOAOAVAS kååvas:kå^1VOWvvas kååvas, joođâs N_LBVVC_as
• LEXICON NMN_KOAOAVAS kååvas:kåvvas
• Yaml: N-kaavas
• :^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; kåvvaz

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_PAEAELKAS päälkas:pä^1VOWlkkas
• LEXICON NMN_PAEAELKAS päälkas:pälkkas
• Yaml: N-paalkas
• :^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; pälkkaz
• :^VC PL-NOM ; pälkkaz

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_MUYLAS muâlas:muâlˈlas
• LEXICON NMN_MUYLAS muâlas:muâlˈlas
• Yaml: N-muylas
• :^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; muâlˈlaz
• :^VC PL-NOM ; muâlˈlaz

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_VEEVAR veevar:vẹvvar
• LEXICON NMN_VEEVAR veevar:vẹvvar
• Yaml: N-veevar

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_VEEIVAR veeivar:vẹ^1VOWivvar
• LEXICON NMN_VEEIVAR veeivar:vẹ^1VOWivvar
• Yaml: N-veeivar
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; veivvar
• : PL-NOM ; veivvar
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

gradation: no

2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 252)

2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a

2.3.2.2 LACKS Gradation

2.3.2.2.1 Penultimate stem vowel loss: (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Gen, Pl.Acc, Pl.Ill, Pl.Loc, Pl.Com, Pl.Abe)

2.3.2.2.1.1 The Sg.Com vowel i appears before final n

• Yaml: A-sloohman

• LEXICON N_KOAOADDARV kååddarv:kååddarv stemtype l-stem kååddarv:kååddarv
• NMN_KOAOADDARV = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-kaaddarv
• :^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE A:0

• LEXICON N_KHEYLGXAL ǩeâlǥal:ǩeâlggal
• LEXICON NMN_KHEYLGXAL ǩeâlǥal:ǩeâlggal
• Yaml: kealgal

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KUAEIVAS kuäivas:kuäivvas N_LBVWXY_as
• LEXICON NMN_KUAEIVAS kuäivas:kuäivvas stemtype n-stem kuäivas:kuäivas N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-kuaeivas
• :^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; kuäivvaz

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KUAEIVAS_PL kuäivas:kuäivvas

• :^VC PL-NOM ; kuäivvaz

• LEXICON N_JUYGXGXAS juâǥǥas:juâkˈkas

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 252)

  2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a

  2.3.2.2

  2.3.2.2.1 Penultimate stem vowel loss: (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Gen, Pl.Acc, Pl.Ill, Pl.Loc, Pl.Com, Pl.Abe)

  2.3.2.2.1.1 The Sg.Com vowel i appears before final n

• Yaml: N-juaghghas
• :^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; juâkˈkaz

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_HEAVASH heävaš:heäpˈpaš
• Yaml: N-heavash

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KUAELLAS kuällas:kuälˈlas
• Yaml: N-heavash
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON N_VEEQREST veeʹrest:veeʹrest
• LEXICON NMN_VEEQREST veeʹrest:veeʹrest
• NMN_VEEQREST = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-veerest

• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_AAQRESHM ääʹrešm:ääʹrešm
• LEXICON NMN_AAQRESHM ääʹrešm:ääʹrešm stemtype l-stem ääʹrešm:ääʹrešm
• NMN_AAQRESHM = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-aeaereshm
• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; äʹršma

• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SAAQVESKH sääʹvesǩ:sääʹvesǩ
• Yaml: N-saeaeveskj
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; sääʹvesǩ
• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow^PALNo%>a SG-ILL ; säʹvska
• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow SG-COM_IN ; CHECKME
• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow%>e ESS/PAR ; CHECKME
• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-
• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg+Use/NG:^RmVow SG-COM_IN ; CHECKME
• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg+Use/NG:^RmVow%>e ESS/PAR ; CHECKME

• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg+Use/NG:^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_BUURÅFǨ buuråfǩ:buurå^1VOW{ʹØ}fǩ
• Yaml: NOT N-saeaeveskj
• :^V2VV^PAL SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; buurååʹfǩ
• :^PALNo%>a SG-ILL ; buuråfka
• :^Pen^VV2V^RmVow SG-COM_IN ; CHECKME
• :%>e ESS/PAR ; CHECKME

• :^V2VV^PAL VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KUEQDDELM kueʹddelm:kueʹddelm
• LEXICON NMN_KUEQDDELM kueʹddelm:kueʹddelm
• Yaml: N-kueddelm
• :^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; äʹršma
• :^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow SG-ABE ; CHECKME

• :^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CIYLKYLM ciâlkâlm:ciâ{ˈ1}lkâlm
• LEXICON NMN_CIYLKYLM ciâlkâlm:ciâ{ˈ1}lkâlm
• Yaml: N-ciylkylm
• :^Pen^Allegro^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; ciâˈlklma
• :^Pen^Allegro^RmVow%>e SG-LOC ; ciâˈlklmest
• :^Pen^Allegro^RmVow SG-ABE ; CHECKME
• :^Pen^Allegro^RmVow PL-OBL ; ciâˈlklmi

• :^Pen^Allegro^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_STROOIQTEL strooiʹtel:stro^1VOWiʹttel
• NMN_STROOIQTEL = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-strooitel

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHEEUQRES čeeuʹres:če^1VOWurres N_4E_EEUQCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_CHEEUQRES čeeuʹres:če^1VOWurres stemtype l-stem čeeuʹres:čeeuʹres
• NMN_CHEEUQRES = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-ceeures

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_4E_EEQYXES/Z ceeʹpces:cẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}pcces N_4E_EEQYXES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_4E_EEQYXES/Z ceeʹpces:cẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}pcces stemtype l-stem čeeuʹres:čeeuʹres
• NMN_4E_EEQYXES/Z = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-ceeures

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_POAOAUQTES pååuʹtes:på^1VOWhttes N_4E_VVUQCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_POAOAUQTES pååuʹtes:på^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ttes
• Yaml: N-ceeures

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SEEUQTER seeuʹter:seäh{ʹØ}tter
• LEXICON NMN_SEEUQTER seeuʹter:seäh{ʹØ}tter
• Yaml: N-seeuter

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_JEEQEL jeeʹel:jeä{ʹØ}kˈkel
• LEXICON NMN_JEEQEL jeeʹel:jeä{ʹØ}kˈkel
• Yaml: N-jeeel
• :^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^KKK2ZERO SG-NOM ; jeeʹel

• :^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^KKK2GG^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_NYYQER nââʹer:nâ^1VOW{ʹØ}kker
• LEXICON NMN_NYYQER nââʹer:nâ^1VOW{ʹØ}kker
• Yaml: N-naaer
• :^Pen^PAL^Pen^KK2GG^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

s:z-stem type

• Yaml: kerres
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE E:0

• LEXICON N_CYYQ33EL cââʹʒʒel:câ^1VOW{ʹØ}ʒʒel
• LEXICON NMN_CYYQ33EL cââʹʒʒel:câ^1VOW{ʹØ}ʒʒel
• Yaml: N-cyyq33el

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; câccl-

• LEXICON N_KAAQLLES kääʹlles:kä^1VOW{ʹØ}lles N_4E_VVQCCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_KAAQLLES kääʹlles:källes
• Yaml: N-kaeaelles
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; källs-

stemtype n-stem jânnam:jânnam N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-jânnam

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_OAQVES ååʹves:å^1VOW{ʹØ}vves N_4E_VVQCCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_OAQVES ååʹves:å^1VOWvves
• Yaml: N-aaves

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; åvvs-

• LEXICON N_4E_VQYKK_S/Z pä^1VOW{ʹØ}lgges
• LEXICON NMN_4E_VQYKK_S/Z pä^1VOW{ʹØ}lgges
• Yaml: N-kaeaerbes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; kärbbs-

• LEXICON N_KAAQRBES kääʹrbes:kärbbes N_4E_VVQYX_S/Z
• LEXICON NMN_KAAQRBES kääʹrbes:kärbbes
• Yaml: N-kaeaerbes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; kärbbs-

• LEXICON N_PUAQRES puäʹres:puärˈres N_4E_VWQC_S/Z
• LEXICON NMN_PUAQRES puäʹres:puärˈres
• Yaml: N-puaeres

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; puärˈrs-

• LEXICON N_PUAQRES_PL puäʹres:puärˈres
• LEXICON NMN_PUAQRES_PL puäʹres:puärˈres

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; puärˈrs-

• LEXICON N_PEAEQLES peäʹles:peälˈles
• LEXICON NMN_PEAEQLES peäʹles:peälˈles
• Yaml: N-puaeres

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; peälˈls-

• LEXICON N_JEAEQVES jeäʹves:jeä{ʹØ}v{ˈØ}{vØ}{eØ}{sz}
• LEXICON NMN_JEAEQVES jeäʹves:jeä{ʹØ}v{ˈØ}{vØ}{eØ}{sz}
• Yaml: N-puaeres

• :^Pen^PAL^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; jeävˈvs-

• LEXICON N_PUUQTTES puuʹttes:pu^1VOWtt
• LEXICON NMN_PUUQTTES puuʹttes:pu^1VOWtt
• Yaml: similar_to:N-kaeaelles
• :^VOWLower%>s VOONYS-STEM-PX ; potts-

-stems

• LEXICON N_NJUAEQMMEL = stemtype l-stem njuäʹmmel:njuäʹmˈmel
• LEXICON NMN_NJUAEQMMEL = stemtype l-stem njuäʹmmel:njuäʹmˈmel

• Yaml: njuammel, njuunnjel, aappal

• LEXICON N_CIEAQKHKHES cieʹǩǩes:ceä{ʹØ}kˈkes
• NMN_CIEAQKHKHES = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-ciekkes

• :^Pen^VOWLower^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHUEQDHES čueʹđes:čuâ{ʹØ}ttes
• LEXICON NMN_CHUEQDHES čueʹđes:čuâttes
• Yaml: N-chuedhes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHEEQLES ǩeeʹles:ǩeâlˈles
• LEXICON NMN_KHEEQLES ǩeeʹles:ǩeâlˈles
• Yaml: N-chuedhes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUAQPPPES vueʹppes:vuäpˈpes
• LEXICON NMN_VUAQPPPES vueʹppes:vuäpˈpes
• Yaml: N-vuaeppes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHEEQSTES ǩeeʹstes:ǩeâsttes N_4E_EEQYX_S/Z
• LEXICON NMN_KHEEQSTES ǩeeʹstes:ǩeâsttes
• Yaml: N-keestes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHEEQRDES ǩeeʹrdes:ǩeâ{ʹØ}rddes N_4E_EEQYXES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_KHEEQRDES ǩeeʹrdes:ǩeâ{ʹØ}rddes
• Yaml: N-keestes
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

N_4E_VVQYX_S/0Z

• LEXICON NMN_SYYQRVES
• Yaml: N-kaeaerbes
• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; sârvvs-

this deals with an extra piece of paradigm

• LEXICON N_VIEQLPES vieʹlpes:ǩeâlppes
• LEXICON NMN_VIEQLPES vieʹlpes:ǩeâ{ʹØ}lppes
• Yaml: N-veelpes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_4E_UEAQYK_S/Z kueʹtǩes:kuä{ʹØ}tkkes
• LEXICON NMN_4E_UEAQYK_S/Z kueʹtǩes:kuä{ʹØ}tkkes
• Yaml: N-veelpes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PUEAQRDES čueʹcǩes:čuä{ʹØ}ckkes
• LEXICON NMN_PUEAQRDES čueʹcǩes:čuä{ʹØ}ckkes
• Yaml: N-chuaeckes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUEAEQDDES vuẹʹddes:vuädˈdes
• LEXICON NMN_VUEAEQDDES vuẹʹddes:vuädˈdes
• Yaml: N-vueddes

• :^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SAQPPLI säʹppli:säʹppl

• Yaml: A-saeppli

• LEXICON N_SAQPPLEEJAZH säʹppleejaž:säʹppl

• Yaml: A-saeppli

• LEXICON N_MOOGXGX mooǥǥ:mo^1VOWkˈk
• :^V2VV^KK2GG SG-NOM ; mooǥǥ
• :%>anj SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; mokkanj
• :nja SG-ILL ; mokknja

• :nj VOONYS-STEM-PX ; mokknj

• LEXICON N_CHUYGXGXAS čuâǥǥas:čuâkˈk
• :^KKK2GG%>as SG-NOM ; čuâǥǥas
• :^VOWRaise%>u SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; čuõkˈku
• :sa SG-ILL ; čuâkˈksa

• :s VOONYS-STEM-PX ; čuâkˈksallaš

• LEXICON N_SEQTT seʹtt:sett
• Yaml: N-sett

• There are several stem types

• LEXICON N_1E_VQCC_PL lååʹdd:lådd

e-a-stems

Nouns with -est Loc and -a Ill without ʹ lemma and stem 3rd grade; vowel raising

• Yaml: peass

• LEXICON N_MIEAQRR mieʹrr:meä{ʹØ}rr Nouns with -est Loc and -a Ill without ʹ

• Yaml: mierr

• :^CC2C E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) meäraž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) meärr-
• :^PALẸ^PAL^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) miẹˈʹr-

• :^PALẸ^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) miẹʹrr Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MIEAQRR_PL meäʹr:meä{ʹØ}rr

• LEXICON N_MIEQLKHKH mieʹlǩǩ:meâ{ʹØ}lkk
• LEXICON NMN_MIEQLKHKH mieʹlǩǩ:meâ{ʹØ}lkk **LEXICON NMN_MIEQLKHKH ** Nouns with -est Loc and -a Ill without ʹ
• Yaml: N-mielkk
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) meâlkk- CHECKME 2016-08-19

• :^PALE^PAL^YXX2YX^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mieʹlǩ-

• LEXICON N_PAARHOAQD päärhåʹd:päärhå^1VOWd
• LEXICON NMN_PAARHOAQD päärhåʹd:päärhå^1VOWd **LEXICON NMN_PAARHOAQD ** Nouns with -est Loc and -a Ill without ʹ

• Yaml: N-paeaehoad

• :{XC}^C2CC E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säimm-

• :^PAL^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säiʹm-

• LEXICON N_CHIISTI čiisti:čiistti
• LEXICON NMN_CHIISTI čiisti:čiistti
• Yaml: N-chiisti
• There are several stem types
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=””

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• DenominalAdjsCShort ; 2024-08-08

čâustõk+N+Sg+Gen:čâustõõǥǥ Sajos:Sajo^1VOW{ʹØ}s

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^PAL^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

• LEXICON N_MILJONAAQR = stemtype miljonääʹr:miljonäär
• LEXICON NMN_MILJONAAQR = stemtype
• Yaml: N-miljonaeaer

stemtype n-stem reʹppiǩ:reʹppiǩ Palatalization loss in Sg.Ill

• Yaml: N-reppikj

PENULTIMATE O:0

• LEXICON N_MOOTTOR moottor:moottor
• LEXICON NMN_MOOTTOR moottor:moottor
• Yaml: N-moottor

VOWEL-FINAL STEMS

• Yaml: N-biologia
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :^1VOW^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom

• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

• Yaml: N-bukva
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :^1VOW^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: bukvaaʹje
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: bukva
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom
• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

inflection_type=”?”

• Yaml: N-merja
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :^1VOW^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: merjaaʹje
• :^RmVow%>že SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: merjže
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: merja
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom
• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

for nominals ending in single vowel that is -a, Liettua, but not -ia

• Yaml: N-truuba
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :^1VOW^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill
• SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom

• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

• Yaml: Prop-terhi
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :^1VOW^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: terhiiʹje
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:ʹžže SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: terhiʹžže
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom
• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

inflection_type=”?”

• Yaml: Prop-jouste
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :^1VOW^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: jousteeʹje
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: jouste
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:ʹžže SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: jousteʹžže
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom

• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

• LEXICON N_RADIO radio:radio
• Yaml: N-radio
• SG-NOM ; (TSA-1) +Sg+Nom:
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (=TSA-2)
• :^1VOW^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill: 2025-10-29 is this correct?
• SG-LOC ; ()
• SG-COM_IN ; (=TSA-4)
• ESS/PAR ; ()
• PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom:

• PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• Yaml: N-oulu
• SG-NOM ; (TSA-1) +Sg+Nom:
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (=TSA-2)
• :^1VOW^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• SG-LOC ; ()
• SG-COM_IN ; (=TSA-4)
• ESS/PAR ; ()
• PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom:

• PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• LEXICON N_CHEE čee:čẹẹ
• Yaml: N-chee
• : SG-NOM ;
• :i SG-NOM ;
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :ʹe SG-ILL ;
• SG-LOC ;
• SG-COM_IN ;
• ESS/PAR ;
• PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom:

• PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• Yaml: N-hypotees

• LEXICON N_ENERGII energii:energi
• Yaml: N-energii THIS NEEDS CHECKING
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i SG-NOM ; (TSA-1) +Sg+Nom: energii
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (=TSA-2)
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:ia SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill: energiia
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i SG-LOC ; ()
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i SG-COM_N ; (=TSA-4)
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i ESS/PAR ; ()
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom: energii

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• LEXICON N_NALLSHEM čââʹlmteʹm:čââʹlmtẹ^1VOWm 292-295

• Yaml: A-chaalmtem

• LEXICON N_HOQZJEQN čââʹlmteʹm:čââʹlmtẹ^1VOWm 292-295
• Yaml: A-chaalmtem

Stem types from the grammar

These are still not fixed.

• LEXICON N_TUEJJEEJA tuejjeeja:tuejjẹẹja
• LEXICON NMN_TUEJJEEJA tuejjeeja:tuejjẹẹja tuejjeeja:tuejjẹẹja

• Yaml: N-tuejjeeja

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-EEI tuõđšteei:tuõđštee
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-EEI tuõđšteei:tuõđštee tuõđšteei:tuõđštee
• Yaml: N-tuodhshteei

Class 5 according to Feist 152

k-stems

stemtype

• Yaml: N-sajos Sajos:Sajo^1VOW{ʹØ}s
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^PAL^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

stemtype

• Yaml: N-chaustok čâustõk+N+Sg+Gen:čâustõõǥǥ

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^V2VV^PAL^K2GG^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

stemtype

• Yaml: N-chaustok

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:{XC}^PAL^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

Class 6 according to Feist 153-154 PRESENT PARTICIPLES

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VQCC-I hirmstõʹtti+N:hirmstõ^1VOWʹtti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VQCC-I hirmstõʹtti+N:hirmstõ^1VOWʹtti
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• cõggi:cõggi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VCC-I cõggi:cõggi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VCC-I cõggi:cõggi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• cõggi:cõggi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VKK-I cõggi:cõggi
• Yaml: FIXME
• There are several stem types
• cõggi:cõggi NumContLex=”1.2”
• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

participles in -I from verbs in -âd

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VVQCC-I jooʹtti+N:jooʹtti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VVQCC-I jooʹtti+N:jooʹtti
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• jõõvvi:jõõvvi NumContLex=”1.2”
• : SG-NOM ; (1) jooʹtti
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jooʹtti
• :^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; jõõvvja
• :^I2J%>e SG-LOC ; jõõvvjest
• :^I2J SG-COM_IN ; jõõvvjin
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ; jõõvvjen
• :^Pen^CC2C PL-NOM ; jooʹđi
• :^Pen^CC2C^I2J PL-OBL ; jõõvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^I2J PL-OBL ; jõõvvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ; jõõvvi

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VVCC-I jõõvvi:jõõvvi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VVCC-I jõõvvi:jõõvvi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• jõõvvi:jõõvvi NumContLex=”1.2”
• : SG-NOM ; (1) jõõvvi
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jõõvvi
• :^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; jõõvvja
• :^I2J%>e SG-LOC ; jõõvvjest
• :^I2J SG-COM_IN ; jõõvvjin
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ; jõõvvjen
• :^Pen^CC2C PL-NOM ; jõõvi
• :^Pen^CC2C^I2J PL-OBL ; jõõvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^I2J PL-OBL ; jõõvvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ; jõõvvi

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_BRIITV-I briitvi:briitvi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_BRIITV-I jõõvvi:jõõvvi
• Yaml: N-briitvi
• There are several stem types
• briitvi:briitvi NumContLex=”1.2”
• : SG-NOM ; (1) briitvi
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) briitvi
• :^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; briitvja
• :^I2J%>e SG-LOC ; briitvjest
• :^I2J SG-COM_IN ; briitvjin
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ; briitvjen
• : PL-NOM ; briitvi
• :^I2J PL-OBL ; briitvji

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VVQKK-I kooʹcci+N:kooʹcci inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VVQKK-I lookki:lookki
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• lookki:lookki NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VVKK-I lookki:lookki
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VVKK-I lookki:lookki
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• lookki:lookki NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VWQKK-I jueʹǩǩi+N:jueʹǩǩi inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VWQKK-I jueʹǩǩi+N:jueʹǩǩi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VWKK-I ǩiõssi:ǩiõssi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VWKK-I ǩiõssi:ǩiõssi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VWQCC-I jiõŋŋhokkisiõʹrri+N:jiõŋŋhokkisiõʹrri inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VWQCC-I vuõlli:vuõlli
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VWCC-I vuõlli:vuõlli
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VWCC-I vuõlli:vuõlli
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VWQCCC-I kuõʹddi:kuõʹdˈdi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VWQCCC-I kuõʹddi:kuõʹdˈdi
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VWCCC-I kuõʒʒi:kuõʒˈʒi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VWCCC-I kuõʒʒi:kuõʒˈʒi
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VWKKK-I piõgg:piõgˈgi
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• piõgg:piõgˈgi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VWXYY-I suõskki:suõskki
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VWXYY-I suõskki:suõskki

• Yaml: suoskki

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• : SG-NOM ; ǩeeʹrzai
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; ǩeeʹrzai
• :^RmVow^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; ǩeeʹrzja
• :^RmVow^I2J%>e SG-LOC ; ǩeeʹrzjest
• :^RmVow^I2J SG-COM_IN ;
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• : PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;
• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

participles in -AI from verbs in -ad

• : SG-NOM ;
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :^RmVow^I2J%>a SG-ILL ;
• :^RmVow^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :^RmVow^I2J SG-COM_IN ;
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• : PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCA_VCC-AI kåččai:kåččai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCA_VCC-AI kåččai:kåččai
• Yaml: kachchai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : SG-NOM ;
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :^RmVow^I2J%>a SG-ILL ;
• :^RmVow^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :^RmVow^V2VV SG-COM_IN ;
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :^Pen^V2VV PL-NOM ;
• :^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^Pen^V2VV^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCA_VVCC-AI peellai:peellai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCA_VVCC-AI peellai:peellai
• Yaml: paassai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : SG-NOM ; Sg.Nom.Indef: peellai
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :^RmVow^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; Sg.Ill.Indef: peellja
• :^RmVow^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :^RmVow^V2VV SG-COM_IN ;
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :^Pen^CC2C PL-NOM ; Pl.Nom.Indef: peelai
• :^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^Pen^CC2C^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCA_VVKK-AI pååssai:pååssai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCA_VVKK-AI pååssai:pååssai
• Yaml: paassai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : SG-NOM ; Sg.Nom.Indef: pååssai
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :^RmVow^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; Sg.Ill.Indef: pååssja
• :^RmVow^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :^RmVow^I2J SG-COM_IN ;
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :^Pen^KK2GG PL-NOM ; Pl.Nom.Indef: pååzzai
• :^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^Pen^KK2GG^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCA_VYXX-AI särnnai:särnnai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCA_VYXX-AI särnnai:särnnai
• Yaml: sarnnai
• There are several stem types
• särnnai:särnnai NumContLex=”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCA_VWCC-AI vuejjai:vuejjai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCA_VWCC-AI vuejjai:vuejjai
• Yaml: N-vuejjai
• There are several stem types
• vuejjai:vuejjai NumContLex=”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCA_VWKK-AI reäkkai:reäkkai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCA_VWKK-AI reäkkai:reäkkai
• Yaml: N-reakkai
• There are several stem types
• reäkkai:reäkkai NumContLex=”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCA_VWCCC-AI vuäggai:vuägˈgai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCA_VWCCC-AI vuäggai:vuägˈgai
• Yaml: N-reakkai
• There are several stem types
• vuägˈgai:vuägˈgai NumContLex=”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCA_VWXYY-AI meälttai:meälttai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCA_VWXYY-AI meälttai:meälttai
• Yaml: sarnnai
• There are several stem types
• meälttai:meälttai NumContLex=”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_ZHEEVAI žeevai:žẹẹvai
• LEXICON NMN_ZHEEVAI žeevai:žẹẹvai
• Yaml: zheevai NumContLex=”
• :^RmVow^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

participles in -I from verbs in ʹ-ed

• : SG-NOM ;
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :^RmVow^I2J%>a SG-ILL ;
• :^RmVow^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :^RmVow^I2J SG-COM_IN ;
• :^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;

• :^RmVow^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• : PL-NOM ;

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^RmVow^I2J PL-OBL ;

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VQYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VQYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VQYKK-I aʹlǧǧi:a^1VOW{ʹØ}lggi inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VQYKK-I aʹlǧǧi:a^1VOW{ʹØ}lggi
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VYXX-I aibbi:a^1VOWi{ʹØ}bbi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VYXX-I aibbi:a^1VOWi{ʹØ}bbi
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• aibbi:a^1VOWi{ʹØ}bbi NumContLex=”1.2”
• aibbi:a^1VOWi{ʹØ}bbi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VYKK-I lauggi:la^1VOWu{ʹØ}ggi
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VQHXX-I aʹhtti:a^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tti inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VQHXX-I aʹhtti:a^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^Pen^PAL^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VQHKK-I huʹvǧǧi:hu^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}ggi inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VQHKK-I aʹhtti:a^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^Pen^PAL^Pen^PALK^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VHXX-I lahtti:la^1VOWhtti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VHXX-I lahtti:la^1VOWhtti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCE_VWQHYY-I vuõʹhssi+N:vuõʹhssi inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCE_VWQHYY-I vuõʹhssi+N:vuõʹhssi
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRCÂ_VWHYY-I čiõhčči:čiõhčči
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRCÂ_VWHYY-I čiõhčči:čiõhčči
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SUQVDDI suʹvddi:suʹvddi
• LEXICON NMN_SUQVDDI suʹvddi:suʹvddi
• Yaml: N-suvddi
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_LIEQDHDHDHI lieʹđđi:lieʹđˈđi
• LEXICON NMN_LIEQDHDHDHI lieʹđđi:lieʹđˈđi
• Yaml: N-liedhdhdhi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC_VWQXYY-I vueʹstti:vueʹstti inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC_VWQXYY-I vueʹstti:vueʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• vueʹstti:vueʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC_VWXYY-I vueʹstti:vueʹstti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC_VWXYY-I vueʹstti:vueʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• vueʹstti:vueʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUOIQNNI vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnni
• LEXICON NMN_VUOIQNNI vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnni
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnni NumContLex=”1.2”
• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

Class 7 according to Feist 154-155

i-stems

• LEXICON N_HOQPPI hõʹppi:hõʹppi
• LEXICON NMN_HOQPPI hõʹppi:hõʹppi
• Yaml: hoppi
• There are several stem types

• hõʹppi:hõʹppi

• :^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUYPPPAI vuâppai:vuâpˈp
• LEXICON NMN_VUYPPPAI vuâppai:vuâpˈp
• Yaml: vuappai
• There are several stem types
• :%>{ʼØ}j PL-OBL ; vuâpˈpji 2019-09-20

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SHUOABYRJ šuåbârj:šuåbâr
• LEXICON NMN_SHUOABYRJ šuåbârj:šuåbâr

• Yaml: shuabarj

• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_OAOAUM ååum:å^1VOWumm
• LEXICON NMN_OAOAUM ååum:å^1VOWumm
• Yaml: N-aaum
• There are several stem types
• :^V2VV^YXX2YX SG-NOM ;
• :a SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ;
• :%>{ʼØ}j%>a SG-ILL ;
• :a SG-LOC ;
• :a SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>{ʼØ}je ESS/PAR ;
• :a PL-OBL ;

• :%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHUYR čuâr:čuõrˈr
• LEXICON NMN_CHUYR čuâr:čuõrˈr
• Yaml: N-chuar
• There are several stem types čuâr čuâras čuâraš čuõrˈru čuâran čuõrˈrui
• :^VOWLower%>s VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWLower%>š VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:^VOWLower%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KAAMMI kaammi:kaamm
• LEXICON NMN_KAAMMI kaammi:kaamm
• Yaml: piannai

• There are several stem types kaammi käʹmme kaammjen käʹmmi

• LEXICON N_PIYNNAI piânnai:piânˈn
• LEXICON NMN_PIYNNAI piânnai:piânˈn
• Yaml: piannai

• There are several stem types piânnai pieʹnˈne piânnʼjen pieʹnˈn- pieʹnˈnʼji Correction by Satu 2015-08-12 piânˈnʼji

• :ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>{ʼØ}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

Class 8 according to Feist 155-157

Class 9 according to Feist 158

• LEXICON N_MEERSAZH säʹmmlaž:säʹmml
• Yaml: A-saemmlazh säʹmmlaž:säʹmmlaž
• : VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

Diminutive derivations

• LEXICON N_1Â_DIMK_YZH muõrâž:muõr (2009: 306)
• muõrâž:muõr

• Yaml: N-muorazh

• LEXICON N_MUORYZH muõrâž:muõr (2009: 306)
• muõrâž:muõr

• Yaml: N-muorazh

• LEXICON N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL paapp
• :âž SG-NOM ; paappâž
• :že SG-ILL ; paappže

• :že ESS/PAR ; paappžen

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-LOC-PX ; muõrstes
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:âž%>am K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>ž%>amâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:âž%>amâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL_PL paapp

• :že ESS/PAR ; paappžen

• LEXICON N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL paaʹpp-
• :%>e SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; paaʹppe
• :%>e SG-LOC ; paaʹppest
• :%>e SG-COM_IN ; paaʹppein

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-COM_IN ; paaʹppin

• :%>e PL-NOM ; paaʹppe
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>e PL-OBL ; paaʹppei Merja differentiates from regular pl

• PL-OBL ; paaʹppi

• : SG-LOC-PX ; muõʹrstes
• :%>e PL-NOM ; paaʹppe
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>e PL-OBL ; paaʹppei Merja differentiates from regular pl

• PL-OBL ; paaʹppi

• LEXICON N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL paapp-
• :âž SG-NOM ; paappâž
• :%>že SG-ILL ; paappže

• :%>že ESS/PAR ; paappžen

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-LOC-PX ; muõrstes

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:âž%>am K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>ž%>amâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:âž%>amâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL kuuʹzz-
• :%>e SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; paaʹzze
• :%>e SG-LOC ; paaʹzzest
• :%>e SG-COM_IN ; paaʹzzein
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-COM_IN ; paaʹzzin
• :%>e PL-NOM ; paaʹzze
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>e PL-OBL ; paaʹzzei Merja differentiates from regular pl
• PL-OBL ; paaʹzzi

• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg: SG-LOC-PX ; kuuʹzzstes

• : SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; kuʹzstes

• Yaml: N-muorazh

• : HatY-STEM-PX-WEAKEN_LARGO ; säʹmmlõõžž- Sg_Loc_PxSg1
• :^PAL HatY-STEM-PX-WEAKEN_LARGO ; säʹmmlõõʹžž- Sg_Loc_PxSg1
• :^VV2V^PAL^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; säʹmmlõʹž-

• :^VV2V^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; säʹmmlõž-

• LEXICON N_PRE-PEESSAZH puälaž:puäl

• LEXICON N_PEESSAZH piissuž:pẹẹss This is only a partial paradigm
• LEXICON NMN_PEESSAZH piissuž:pẹẹss
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ažam K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>žamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ažamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_PIISSUZH piissuž:piiss (2009: 310)
• piissuž:piiss

• Yaml: N-piissuzh

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ožam K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>žamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ožamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_KUYLAZH kuâlaž:kuâl
• kuâlaž:kuâl
• Yaml: N-kualazh kuâla, kuâlže

• : LOAOADDAZH-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; This should go to each stem type ERROR

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ažam K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>žamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ažamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_KUYLAZH_PL kuâla:kuâl

• LEXICON N_UUQREZH uuʹrež:uuʹr

• Yaml: N-uurezh

• LEXICON N_JEAQKHKHKHAAZH jeäʹǩǩääž:jeäʹǩˈǩ

• Yaml: N-jeakkeaeazh

• Yaml: N-kualazh

• LEXICON NMN_JIQLSSI Jiʹlssi:Jiʹlssi Is this correct 2015-09-11

• LEXICON NMN_OAQLGA Ååʹlga:Ååʹlg Is this correct 2015-09-11

• LEXICON NMN_SINIDA Sinida:Sinid Is this correct 2015-09-11 Is this correct 2015-09-11

• LEXICON N_KUUQMPEZH
• kuuʹmpež:kuuʹmp

• Yaml: N-kuumpezh

• LEXICON N_OOUMAZH ooumaž:o^1VOWumm is for nouns with -ust +Sg+Loc; e +Sg+Ill; X2 no gradation; no lowering no raising N_GEN1-ILLEX1-LOCE-NOM1X1
• Yaml: N-ooumazh
• There are several stem types
• ooumaž:ooum

Class 10 according to Feist 160-161

neǩ-stem

• LEXICON N_KAADHNEKH kaađneǩ:kaađnẹ^1VOWk
• LEXICON NMN_KAADHNEKH kaađneǩ:kaađnẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}k
• Yaml: N-kaadhnekj, N-chaustok Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04-05 Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04-05 kaađneǩ+N+Sg+Nom lincense vessel/suitsutusastia
• kaađnẹ^1VOWk^PALE^PALK
• kaađne0ǩ00
• :{XC}^PAL^C2CC^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; kaađneʹǩǩe-
• +Err/Orth-k-kh:{XC}^PAL^C2CC%>e ESS/PAR ; kaađneʹkke-
• :{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC^PALK SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; kaađneeʹǩǩ
• +Err/Orth-k-kh:{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; kaađneeʹkk kaađneǩ+N+Sg+Gen
• kaađnẹ^1VOWǩ{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC^PALK
• kaađneeʹǩǩ0000
• :{XC}^PALNo^C2CC%>a SG-ILL ; kaađnẹkka
• :{XC}^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^C2CC^PALK SG-COM_IN ; kaađniiʹǩǩin
• kaađnẹ^1VOW0ǩ{XC}^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^C2CC^PALK%>in
• kaađniiʹǩǩ00000%>in
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC^PALK SG-COM_IN ; kaađneeʹǩǩin

• :{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC^PALK PL-NOM ; kaađneeʹǩǩ

• Yaml: N-kaadhnekj, N-chaustok

• LEXICON N_KARIES karies:kariẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}s
• LEXICON NMN_KARIES karies:kariẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}s
• similar to N-kaadhnekj, N-chaustok Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04-05 karies+N+Sg+Nom caries/hammasmätä
• kariẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}s
• karie00s
• :{XC}^PAL^C2CC%>e ESS/PAR ; kaađneʹǩǩe-
• :{XC}^V2VV^PAL^K2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; kaađneeʹǩǩ
• :{XC}^PALNo^C2CC%>a SG-ILL ; kaađnẹkka
• :{XC}^V2VV^PAL^K2GG PL-NOM ; karieeʹzz

Sort of like 10

• LEXICON NMN_VUYSPPOAQD vuâsppåʹd:vuâsppå^1VOWd
• Yaml: N-kaadhnekj, N-chaustok Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04-05 vuâsppåʹd+N+Sg+Nom Lord/Herra
• vuâsppå^1VOW0d^PAL
• vuâsppå0ʹd0
• :^V2VV^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; Vuâsppååʹde-
• +Err/Orth:{XC}^PAL^C2CC%>e ESS/PAR ; kaađneʹǩǩe-
• :^V2VV^PAL SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; Vuâsppååʹd
• +Err/Orth:{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; Vuâsppååʹdd vuâsppåʹd+N+Sg+Gen
• vuâsppå^1VOW{ʹØ}d^V2VV^PAL
• vuâsppååʹd00
• :^V2VV%>a SG-ILL ; Vuâsppååda
• +Err/Orth:{XC}^PALNo^C2CC%>a SG-ILL ; kaađnekka
• vuâsppå^1VOW0d{XC}^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^C2CC%>in
• vuâsppooʹdd0000%>in
• :^V2VV^PAL PL-NOM ; vuâsppååʹd

• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL PL-OBL ; vuâsppooʹd

• LEXICON NMN_TEAPPNEQD Teäppneʹd:Teäpˈpnẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}d
• Yaml: Teäppneʹd
• :^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; Teäppneʹden
• :^V2VV^PAL SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; Teäppneeʹd
• :^V2VV%>a SG-ILL ; Teäppnẹẹda
• :^V2VV^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; Teäppneeʹdest
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL SG-COM_IN ; Teäppniiʹdin
• +Err/Orth:{XC}^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^C2CC SG-COM_IN ; Teäppniiʹddin
• :^V2VV^PAL PL-NOM ; Teäppneeʹd
• :^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL PL-OBL ; Teäppniiʹd-

Class 11 according to Feist 162

• LEXICON N_VISKKYD viskkâd:viskk

• LEXICON N_MOASHSHAD måššad:måšš inflection_type=”?”vuäʹllad+N:vuäʹlˈl (cf. also A-ORD_NEELLJAD)

• LEXICON N_AQKHKHED âʹǩǩed:âʹǩǩ

Class 12 Feist 163

Noun phrase heads

Pl

Number and case tags

Used with words like juurd: jurddǥatta

POSSESSIVE DECLENSION

HatY-STEM-PX

• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

A-STEM-PX

• +Err/GenreLeudd:a SG-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:a SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:a SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• : N2A_REAEB3H3HAI ; N»A

E-STEM-PX

• +Err/GenreLeudd:e SG-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:e SG-ABE/ACC/GEN_PL-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/GenreLeudd:e SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

LOAOADDAZH-STEM-PX

• LEXICON LOAOADDAZH-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL needs checking

VOONYS-STEM-PX

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX võnns-

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-NO-DER võnns-

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-NO-DER-WITHOUT-PAL võnns-

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-NO-DER-WITH-PAL võnns-

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX_PL võnns-

• VOONYS-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; essive

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL needs checking

• LEXICON N-ALLEGRO_ATTESTED-NOUN-STEM This is for Allegro forms

Adjectives – to be moved

Vowel-final stem for PX

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/nouns.lexc