Skolt Sami language model documentation

All doc-comment documentation in one large file.

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src-cg3-disambiguator.cg3.md

Skolt Sámi disambiguator

Note: This documentation file is still work-in-progress, and should not yet be used. Read the source file instead.

Delimiters

DELIMITERS = “<.>” “<!>” “<?>” “<…>” “<¶>”;

Tags and sets #

We declare BOS, EOS and all the tags from the fst.

Disambiguation

Cycle 0, rules without context

• R_Num removes Num when Neg.

• R_ACR removes ACR when CC.

Possessive suffix

Probably exists only for Refl and for kinship terms In Skolt Sami Possessive suffixes ARE USED Jaska 2020-11-08

• PrfPrc_Not_PxSg1 removes PxSg1 if PrfPrc

• NotPlPx1 removes PxPl1 if -1 Gen 0 Ess

Pronouns and nouns

Postpostions

• GenWhenFollowedByGenPo

Short Pronouns

No rules.

Proper nouns

Cycle 1

Numerals

• r1082 Selects (Num Nom)

• NumIfParag
• NumIfParag
• NumIfParag

Trivialia

• prop_daate Prop if 0 Pers

• DemIll

• DemCom

• DemAttr

• AttrNotNom

• unifDem

Nouns

Nominative plural

Genitive

• PGenN selects Gen when (Pron Pers) to the left and N to the right mu sámevuođa iđuid

• CoGen1 (quite strict) selects the first of coordinated genitives riikkaid, čearuid ja boazoorohagaid ovttasbarggu

Verbs

• IsItConNeg

• PrtInNeg

• PrsInNeg

Imperative

There can be Interj, VOC,

Genitive modifier

• genmod

Subject

M A P P I N G

CC- and CS-Mapping

CASES

• compcs

• cnp maps @CNP for gon, goh,…

PrfPrc

Person

Nomen

Verb or Noun

Dem

No rules

CC and CS or Adv

Adj or Adv

grammatisk ord eller N eller A

N or Adj

N or V

Ger or Der/NomAct

Adj or Indef

Num

Rel or Interr

Interj

no rule

Po or Pr

• PoGena Po not Pr

Adv or Po/Pr

Com

Accusative or illative

Accusative or Genitive

Indef or Adv

special lemmas

no rules

Verb person vs. Inf – moved here in order to have the pronouns disambiguated first.

Proper nouns

Rule set taken from sme

Substituting Prop tags

Prop or not

• Prop Capitalised nouns in the middle of a sentence are names - (not always).

• PropSg goes for Sg not Pl reading of Prop (Marit not Mari Pl)

Removing proper nouns that are lookalikes

Particular proper nouns

Todo: sms-ify.

Mapping rules

SAFE RULES

• InfSubj

subject rules and spred rules

Removing Err/Orth

Denne regelen fjerner Err/Orth når det er samme lemma, sjøl om morfologien er forskjellig.

• errsub removes err/orth forms

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/disambiguator.cg3

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-acronyms.lexc.md

Inari Saami acronyms

The lexica giving tags and suffixes to the acronyms

+N+ABBR+Sg+Gen:%> # ; +N+ABBR+Sg+Loc:%> # ; +N+ABBR+Ess:%> # ; +N+ABBR+Par:%> # ; +N+ABBR+Pl+Nom:%> # ; +N+Prop:%> ACCRADECL ; +N+Prop:%> BERN-UCASE ; +N+Prop:%> LONDON-UCASE ; +N+Prop:%> NYSTØ-OBL ;

• **LEXICON acroconnector ** Here comes a set of possible symbols to put between the abbreviation and its suffix

• **LEXICON acronull ** for suffixless forms, redirecting to K_only for clitic forms

• **LEXICON acrooblique **

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/acronyms.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-adjectives.lexc.md

Skolt Saami adjective declension

These come directly from the xml to lexc xsltransformation lexica

• : ADJ-DER/COMP_ab ; This has a Comp+Attr

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON A_PAPP papp:papp

• LEXICON A_ALGG põrtt:põrtt friskk

• LEXICON A_AUTT autt:a%^1VOWutt friskk

• LEXICON A_MUORR muõrr:muõrr

• LEXICON A_NUORR nuõrr:nuõrr

• LEXICON A_SHIOGHGH šiõǥǥ:šiõǥǥ Need work on derivation since this only has positive form. 2018-10-13

• LEXICON A_KOOKKA kookka length of/pituinen no gradation, has preceding genitive 2018-10-13

• LEXICON A_KUOCC kuõcc:kuõcc

• LEXICON A_CHUOSHKK čuõškk:čuõškk tuõlbb

• LEXICON A_MIYRKK sǩiâŋkk:sǩiâŋkk hiâlpp

• LEXICON A_PLAAN plaan:plaan

• LEXICON A_SUYMMM suâmm:suâmˈm

• LEXICON A_MODDAI moddai:moddai
• : SG-NOM ;
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^V2VV SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :%^Pen%^V2VV PL-NOM ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• Yaml: A-vaeaezhzh

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION, ILLATIVE IN U NOMINALS

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON A_NUQBB nuʹbb:nubb

• Yaml: A-nubb

• LEXICON A_1E_UQKK kuʹǩǩ:ku%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk

• Yaml: A-nubb

• LEXICON A_KUEQLL kueʹll:kuâll

• LEXICON A_PUEQRR pueʹrr:puâll

• LEXICON A_MUEQRJJ mueʹrjj:mueʹrjj

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON A_LOAQDD väʹll:väll

• LEXICON A_UQCC uʹcc:u%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}cc

• LEXICON A_SAAQMM sääʹmm:sää%{ʹØ%}mm

• LEXICON A_CHAAQCC čääʹcc:čää%{ʹØ%}cc

• LEXICON A_KAQLBB käʹlbb:kälbb

• LEXICON A_1E_VQYKK âʹlǧǧ:â%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgg

• LEXICON A_HAAQSKH hääʹsǩ:hää%{ʹØ%}sk

• LEXICON A_1E_VVQYX_VVQYX hääʹsǩ:hää%{ʹØ%}sk

no separate attribute form 2018-10-13 Russian loanword

• LEXICON A_SEQTT seʹtt:sẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}tt CHECKME

• LEXICON A_KHEQRJJ ǩeʹrjj:ǩẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}rjj

• LEXICON A_JAEUQRR jäuʹrr:jä%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}rr

• LEXICON A_PEIQVV peiʹvv:pẹ%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}vv

• LEXICON A_SUEAQKHKH sueʹǩǩ:suäkk cuẹʹǩǩ

• LEXICON A_KUEAQTT kuẹʹtt:kuätt

• LEXICON A_HIEAQNN hieʹnn:heänn

• LEXICON A_VUEQSS pueʹšš:puâ%{ʹØ%}šš

• LEXICON A_JEAQNNN jeäʹnn:jeänˈn, jeäʹǧǧ:jeägˈg

• LEXICON A_JEAQRMM jeäʹrmm:jeärmm

• LEXICON A_CHUAQRVV tuäʹŋǧǧ:tuäŋgg

CLASS denominals in -i cf. Feist (2012: 198-199) These will need their own expansions HOW DOES JIÕʹNNI decline?

• LEXICON A_JIOQNNI jiõʹnni:jiõnn FIXME 2016-04

• LEXICON A_AQLKHKHI aʹlǩǩi:a%{ʹØ%}lkk

• LEXICON A_PAERRAI pärrai:pärr

• LEXICON A_SAELTTAI sälttai:sältt

• LEXICON A_VELLAI vellai:vẹ%^1VOWll

CLASS

-õs ending

• +Pl+Nom:až ENDLEX ; Check this 2015-02-22

• LEXICON A_VOONYS võõnâs:võnn

• +Pl+Nom: ENDLEX ; Check this 2015-02-22

• LEXICON A_OODHYS oođâs:ođđ

• LEXICON A_KOODDYS kõõddâs:kõdd

• +Pl+Nom:%>âz ENDLEX ; Check this 2015-02-22

• LEXICON A_MOOCHCHYS mooččâs:močč

• LEXICON A_JOOSKYS jõõskâs:jõ%^1VOWskk

• LEXICON A_AARVYS aarvâs:a%^1VOWrvv

• LEXICON A_PIIUTYS piiutâs:pihtt

• LEXICON A_FIINYS fiinâs:fijnn

• LEXICON A_IISYS iisâs:ijss

• LEXICON A_RUODDYS ruõddâs:ruõdˈd

• LEXICON A_TUOVYS tuõvâs:tuõvv

• LEXICON A_VUOIVYS vuõivâs:vuõivv

• LEXICON A_KUORMYS kuõrmâs:kuõrmm

• LEXICON A_KOAOAVAS kååvas:kåvv

• LEXICON A_KOAOADDAS kååddas:kåådd

• LEXICON A_TOBDDSALLASH tobddsallaš:tobddsallaš

• LEXICON A_JAELLASH jällaš:jällaš

• LEXICON A_VAALMYSH vaalmâš:va%^1VOWlmmâš

• LEXICON A_VEEIDAS veeidas:veidd

• LEXICON A_PAEAELKAS päälkas:pä%^1VOWlkkas

• LEXICON A_CEAEGGAS ceäggas:ceägˈg

• LEXICON A_AANAR späʹsseb:späʹsseb

• LEXICON A_CIYLKYLM kuâstalv:kuâ%{ˈ1%}stalv

• LEXICON A_KUQCCER kuʹccer:kuʹccer

• LEXICON A_KAAQMES kääʹmes:kämm

• :es A-01_OAQVES ; kääʹmes:kämmez

• LEXICON A_KAAQLLES kääʹlles:kä%^1VOWll

• :es A-01_KAAQLLES ; reeʹǧǧes:rẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}gges

• LEXICON A_REEQGXGXES reeʹǧǧes:rẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}gg

• :es A-01_REEQGXGXES ; reeʹǧǧes:rẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}gges

• LEXICON A_PUUQTTES puuʹttes:pu%^1VOWtt

• : A-01_PUUQTTES ; puuʹttes:pu%^1VOWttes

• LEXICON A_KOAQSHKHES kååʹšǩes:kå%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}škk

• LEXICON A_JYYQLDES jââʹldes:jâ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ldd

• LEXICON A_KHEEQLES ǩeeʹles:ǩeâlˈl

• :es A-01_KHEEQLES ; ǩeeʹles:ǩeâlˈles

• LEXICON A_PUAQRES puäʹres:puärˈr

• :es A-01_PUAQRES ; puäʹres:puärˈres

• LEXICON A_VUAQMES vuäʹres:vuärˈr

• :es A-01_PUAQRES ; puäʹres:puärˈres

• LEXICON A_CHUEQDHES čueʹđes:čuâtˈt

• :es A-01_CHUEQDHES ; puäʹres:puärˈrez

• LEXICON A_PUEAQRDES čueʹcǩes:čuäckkez

• :es A-01_PUEAQRDES ; čueʹcǩes:čuäckkez

• :%^Pen%^PALE%^Pen%^PAL%^Pen%^KKK2ZERO SG-NOM ; jeeʹel

• :%^Pen%^PALE%^Pen%^PAL%^Pen%^KKK2GG%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A_TUEJJEEJA tuejjeeja:tuejjẹẹja

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-EEI tuejjeei:tuejjee
• +Err/Orth+Attr:jas ENDLEX ; c.f. sjm faʹlsǩeejas

WORK HERE 2015-10-14 deverbals

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-NOGRADE-I uuidi:uuidi

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VCC-I cõggi:cõggi

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VQCC-I elstõʹtti:elstõ%^1VOWʹtti

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VHYY-I lahtti:la%^1VOWhtti

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VQHYY-I puʹhtti:pu%^1VOWhtti

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWCCC-I kuõʹddi:kuõʹdˈdi

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWQCCC-I kuõʹddi:kuõʹdˈdi

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWHYY-AI veâhssai

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VVCC-I jõõvvi:jõõvvi

• Yaml: A-vaeaezhzh

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VVQCC-I jooʹtti+A:jooʹtti
• Yaml: A-vaeaezhzh
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VVQKK-I kooʹcci+A:kooʹcci
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VVKK-I lookki:lookki

• LEXICON A_KOBDDI kobddi:kobddi SEE following A_TOBDDI diff

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWKK-I ǩiõssi:ǩiõssi

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWQKK-I ǩiõʹssi:ǩiõʹssi

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWCC-I vuõlli:vuõlli

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWQCC-I puõʹtti:puõʹtti

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWXYY-I kuõskki:kuõskki

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWQXYY-I hieʹrvvi+A:hieʹrvvi
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VCC-AI kåččai:kåččai
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VVCC-AI peellai:peellai
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VVKK-AI pååssai:pååssai
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VYXX-AI särnnai:särnnai
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWCC-AI vuejjai:vuejjai
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWKK-AI reäkkai:reäkkai
• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWCCC-AI vuäggai:vuägˈgai

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWXYY-AI meälttai:meälttai

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VQYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti

• LEXICON A_LIEQDHDHDHI lieʹđđi:lieʹđˈđi

• LEXICON A_PRSPRC-VWHCC-I viõhssi:viõhssi

• LEXICON A_VUOIQNNI vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnn%{ʼØ%}i

• LEXICON A_JUURD juurd:ju%^1VOWrdd

• LEXICON A_MAADD maadd:ma%^1VOWdd

check this 2015-11-10

2. WORDS WITH MULTI-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 293)

2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a

2.3.2.1 Has Gradation

2.3.2.1.1 Second syllable vowel loss (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Obl)

• Yaml: A-chaalmtem

2. WORDS WITH MULTI-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 293)

2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a

2.3.2.1 Has Gradation

2.3.2.1.1 Second syllable vowel loss (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Obl)

• Yaml: A-chaalmtem

CLASS 11 ADJECTIVES

• LEXICON A_SHIYLGGYD šiâlggâd:šiâlgg

• LEXICON A_LOSSYD lossâd:loss

• LEXICON A_11Y_VYKK viskkâd:viskk

• LEXICON A_VISKKYD viskkâd:viskk

• LEXICON A_MOASHSHAD måššad:måšš

• LEXICON A_AQKHKHED âʹǩǩed:âʹǩǩ

säʹmmlaž:säʹmml

ânnʼjõž:ânnʼj

muõrâž:muõr

• +Der+Der/toovvyd+V+IV:»tõõvv IV_LAUKKOOLLYD ; privative = carative + translative

Class 12 Feist 163

• +Der+Der/Comp+A:»ba A-02_SG-ILL ; Sammallahti (1991: 188)
• +Der+Der/Comp+A:»be A-02_SG-LOC ; Sammallahti (1991: 188)
• +Der+Der/Comp+A:»b A-02_SG-COM_IN ; Sammallahti (1991: 188)
• +Der+Der/Comp+A:»b A-02_PL-OBL ; Sammallahti (1991: 188)

Sammallahti 2010: 151

N›A derivation in +Der+Der/N2A

1A (Feist 2011: 198-199)

1B (Feist 2011: 198-199)

1C (Feist 2011: 198-199)

determiner

determiner

determiner

determiner determiner

• LEXICON A-ORD_NEELLJAD neelljad:neellj similar_to: A_MOASHSHAD

• LEXICON DET_DOHTAD doohhtad:doohht

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS pa%{a0%}%{ʹ0%}%{p0%}p V%{V0%}%{ʹ0%}%{C0%}C Sg_Nom: high-vowel=yes monophthong=yes long-vowel=yes palatalization=no consonantism=quant-gem long-consonant=yes

1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel

geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel

geminate”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-papp strong_geminate, short_vowel
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; papp
• :%>â A-02_ESS/PAR ; pappân, pappâd strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; paʹppe

strong_geminate, long_vowel

• :%^V2VV A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; paapp
• :%^V2VV%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; paappâst

• :%^V2VV A-02_SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; paappi, paappid, paappid, paappin, paappivuiʹm, paappitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paapp-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^PAL A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹpp-

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3

Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_xyy similar_to: N_TAALKYS, N_KOONTYR 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|short_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-portt

• : A-02_SG-NOM ; põrtt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; põõrt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; põʹrtte
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; põõrtâst
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; põõrtin
• :%>â A-02_ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-OBL ; põõrti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; põõrt-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; põõʹrt-

Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_vyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|long_V-cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|short_V-cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-autt

• : A-02_SG-NOM ; autt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; aaut
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; auʹtte
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; aautâst
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; aautin
• :%>â A-02_ESS/PAR ; auttân
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-NOM ; aaut

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-OBL ; aauti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; aaut-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; aauʹt-

Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_xyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|short_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-chuoskk

• : A-02_SG-NOM ; (1) čuõskk
• :%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) čuõsk
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; (3) čuõʹsǩǩe
• :%^YXX2YX%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) čuõskest
• :%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) čuõskin
• :%>â A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) čuõskkân
• :%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) čuõsk

• :%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-OBL ; (5) čuõskin

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^YXX2YX A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; čuõsk-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; čuõʹsǩ-

Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_xyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|short_cluster” Sg_Ill=”diphthong|vowel_e-coloration|long_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : A-02_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: sǩiâŋk
• :%^PALE%^PAL%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: sǩieʹŋǩǩe
• :%^YXX2YX%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: sǩiâŋkâst
• :%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: sǩiâŋkin
• :%>â A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: sǩiâŋkkân

• :%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: sǩiâŋkid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^YXX2YX A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; sǩiâŋk-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; sǩieʹŋǩ-

Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.2. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

See also: NMN_TOLL-PLC, which is the same, but minus PL forms and certain cases

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kidd, N-soll, N-toll, N-vorr strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; toll
• :%>â A-02_ESS/PAR ; tollân strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; toʹlle single_consonant, long_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; tool
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C A-02_PL-NOM ; tool
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; toolâst
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C A-02_SG-COM_IN ; toolin

• :%^V2VV%^CC2C A-02_PL-OBL ; tooli, toolid, toolid, toolin, toolivuiʹm, toolitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^CC2C A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; tool- single_consonant, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^PAL%^CC2C A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; tooʹl-

• LEXICON A-01_LUOSS luõss:luõss Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type 1.1.1.1.1.4. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|voiced_geminate”

THIS IS NOT THE SAME AS N_MUORR

• Yaml: N-luoss
• : A-02_SG-NOM ;
• :%^KK2GG A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; luõzz
• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; luõʹsˈse
• :%^KK2GG%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; luõzzâst
• :%^KK2GG A-02_SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>â A-02_ESS/PAR ;

• :%^KK2GG A-02_PL-OBL ; luõzzi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^KK2GG A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; luõzz-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^PAL%^KK2GG A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; luõʹzz-

Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|single_consonant”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

Sg.Ill:

1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-muorr
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; muõrr
• :%^CC2C A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; muõr
• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; muõʹrˈre
• :%^CC2C%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; muõrâst
• :%^CC2C A-02_SG-COM_IN ; muõrin
• :%>â A-02_ESS/PAR ; muõrrân
• :%^CC2C A-02_PL-NOM ; muõr

• :%^CC2C A-02_PL-OBL ; muõri

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^CC2C A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; muõr-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^PAL%^CC2C A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; muõʹr-

FORMS

similar_to: N_VUYHSS

• Yaml: N-miwhtt
• :%^YXX2VX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; miõutin
• :%^YXX2VX A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; miõut
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_SG-ILL ; miõʹhtte
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; miõhtt
• :%^YXX2VX%>â A-02_SG-LOC ; miõutâst
• :â A-02_ESS/PAR ; miõhttân

• :%^YXX2VX A-02_PL-OBL ; miõuti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A: A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; miõhtt-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^PAL A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; riiʹǩǩ-

Sg_Ill=”palatalization

e-final”

2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

2.1.3.3 Lacks Gradation (in last syllable)

2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom long vowel AND Short consonant

2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

plaan:plaan

• Yaml: N-plaan
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A: A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^PAL A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

a-stems

Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.2.1. stem_with_gradation: yes 1.1.1.2.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|geminate”

Is for nouns with -ast Loc

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-pess, N-pall strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :%^VOWRaise%>u A-02_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pissu Sg_Ill

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) pess Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• : A-02_A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: pess Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel, stem_vowel: a

• :%>a A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: pessan

strong_geminate, long_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• :%^V2VV A-02_A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peess Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

strong_geminate, long_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%> A-01_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: piissuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%> A-01_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹssaž

Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem Is for nouns with -ast Loc

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: soomm grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-02_A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: šoomm Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^CC2C A-02_A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: šoom Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%>u A-02_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: šummu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^VV2V A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) šomm Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: šoomman

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^VOWRaise%^CC2C%> A-01_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: šuumuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^CC2C%> A-01_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: šoomaž

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-02_A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) äldd Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) ääld Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VOWRaise%>u A-02_SG-ILL ; (3) alddu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) äldd Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) älddan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX A-01_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: aalduž (2009: 312-313)
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%> A-01_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: ääldaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• LEXICON A-02_A-STEM_SG-NOM (1)
• LEXICON A-02_A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM (2)

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_long Is for nouns with -ast Loc

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization

1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.2.2.0.2.0 Lack Orthographic Gradation

1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-neavvv

• : A-02_A-STEM_SG-NOM ; neävˈv Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :%^CCC2CC A-02_A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; neävv Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :%^VOWRaise%>u A-02_SG-ILL ; niâvˈvu Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) neävˈv Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a A-02_ESS/PAR ; neävˈvan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC%> A-01_PIISSUZH ; niâvvuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^CCC2CC%> A-01_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: neävvaž

similar_to: N_PLAAN gradation: no vowel_shift: no Is for nouns with -ast Loc a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

• Yaml: N-pealdd

• : A-02_A-STEM_SG-NOM ; kapteän Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• : A-02_A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; kapteän Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :%>a A-02_SG-ILL ; kapteän Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) kapteän Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a A-02_ESS/PAR ; kapteänan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^YXX2YX%> A-01_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kapteänaž

Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_dd_type Is for nouns with -ast Loc, No gradation N_A-U1-11

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)

a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)

Weak grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Weak grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: A-vaeaezhzh
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; vääžž
• : A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; vääžž
• :%^VOWRaise%>u A-02_SG-ILL ; vaažžu
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>a A-02_SG-ILL ; vääžža
• :%>a A-02_SG-LOC ; vääžžast
• :%>a A-02_SG-COM_IN ; vääžžain
• :%>a A-02_ESS/PAR ; vääžžan
• :%>a A-02_PL-OBL ; vääžžai
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^VOWRaise A-01_PIISSUZH ; vaažžuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A: A-01_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vääžžaž
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_KUYLAZH ; vääžžaž

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL TYPE, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• Yaml: N-nubb
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) nubb
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) nuʹbb-
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-nubb
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) nubb
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) nuʹbb-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

Bahuvriihi: årddnjuuʹnn

• Yaml: N-njuunn

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) njuunn-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) njuʹn-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) njuʹnn Ess+Px..

FORMS

(1) Sg.Nom: juʹvjj

(2) Pl.Nom: juuʹj

(3) Sg.Ill: joujja

(4) Sg.Loc: juuʹjest

(5) Sg.Com: juuʹjin

(6) Ess: juʹvjjen

(7) Par: juʹvjjed

(8) Pl.Acc: juuʹjid

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: joujjaž

NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-juvjj
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) juvjj-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) juʹj-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) juʹvjj Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

FORMS

(1) Sg.Nom: kueʹll

(2) Pl.Nom: kueʼl

(3) Sg.Ill: kuâlˈla

(4) Sg.Loc: kueʹlest

(5) Sg.Com: kuõʹlin ~ kueʹlin

(6) Ess: kueʹllen

(7) Par: kueʹlled

(8) Pl.Acc: kuõʹlid ~ kueʹlid

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kuâlaž

• Yaml: N-kuell
• There are several stem types

• kueʹll:kuâll

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâll-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kueʹl-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kueʹlˈl Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-muerjj
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX DenominalAdjsCShort ;
• :%^PALE%^PAL A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: mueʹrjj
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• : A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Nom: muârjja
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: mueʹrjest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: mueʹrjin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: mueʹrjin
• :%^PALE%^PAL%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Pl.Nom: mueʹrjjen
• :%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: muârjaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) muârjj-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹrj-
• :%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mueʹrjj Ess+Px..

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION, ILLATIVE IN U NOMINALS

WORK NEEDED

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION, ILLATIVE IN A NOMINALS

e-stems

similar_to: N_PAPP vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: yes consonantism: geminate

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-vaell, N-kall strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel
• : E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) väll-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) väʹl-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) väʹll Ess+Px..

similar_to: N_PAPP vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: ?? consonantism: geminate

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: A-ucc strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel
• : E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ucc-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) uʹc-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) uʹcc Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-saeaemm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säämm-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säʹm-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) säʹmm Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: caacc
• There are several stem types
• čääʹcc:čääʹcc
• :%^PAL A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) čääʹcc
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) čääʼʒʒ
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) čääʼʒʒ
• :%^VV2V A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) čäcca
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) čääʼʒʒest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) čaaʼʒʒin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) čaaʼʒʒin
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) čääʼccen
• :%^KK2GG A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) čääʒʒaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čääcc-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^KK2GAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čäʹʒ-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) čäʹcc Ess+Px..

• Yaml: N-algg
• :%^PAL%^PALK A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: âʹlǧǧ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj
• : A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: âlgga
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ââʹljest
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ââlǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kälbb-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) käʹlb-
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) käʹlbb Ess+Px..
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-algg
• :%^PAL A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: âʹlǧǧ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj
• : A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: âlgga
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ââʹljest
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ââlǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kälbb-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) käʹlb-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) käʹlbb Ess+Px..
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin

• Yaml: N-haeaesk
• :%^PAL%^PALK A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• :%^PAL%^PALK A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• :%^PAL%^PALK A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• : A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: hääska
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: hääʹsǩest
• :%^PAL%^PALK A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: hääʹsǩin
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: hääʹsǩen
• :%^PAL%^PALK%> A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: hääʹsǩid
• : A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: hääskaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) hääsk-
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) hääʹsǩ-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) hääʹsǩ Ess+Px..

• Yaml: N-haeaesk
• :%^PAL A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• :%^PAL A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• :%^PAL A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• : A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: hääska
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: hääʹsǩest
• :%^PAL A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: hääʹsǩin
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: hääʹsǩen
• :%^PAL%> A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: hääʹsǩid
• : A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: hääskaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) hääsk-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) hääʹsǩ-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) hääʹsǩ Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kerjj
• :%^PAL A-02_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹrjj
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹrj
• : A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: ǩerjja
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹrjest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹrjin
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: ǩiiʹrjin
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: ǩeʹrjjen
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> A-02_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩiiʹrjid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> A-02_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹrjid
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeerjaž

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-jaurr

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-peivv
• :%^PAL A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: peiʹvv
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• : A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pẹivva
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: peeiʹvest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: peeiʹvin
• :%^PAL%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: peiʹvven
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: peeiʹvid
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹivaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) pẹivv-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) peiʹv-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peiʹvv Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-suekkj

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) suäkk-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^Allegro%^PAL%^KK2GAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) suẹˈʹj-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) suäʹǩˈǩ Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-kuett
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuätt-
• :%^PAL%^CC2C E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuẹʹđ-

• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuäʹtˈt- Ess+Px..

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) hiänn-
• :%^PAL%^CC2C E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) hiẹʹn-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) hiäʹnˈn- Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(1) Sg.Nom: vuẹiʹvv

(2) Pl.Nom: vuẹiʼv

(3) Sg.Ill: vuäivva

(4) Sg.Loc: vuẹiʹvest

(5) Sg.Com: vueiʹvin

(6) Ess: vuẹiʹvven

(7) Par: vuẹiʹvved

(8) Pl.Acc: vueiʹvid

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: vuäivaž

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-vueivv
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) vuäivv-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vuẹiʹv-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vuäiʹvv- Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(1) Sg.Nom: čuäʹrvv

(2) Pl.Nom: čuẹʼrv

(3) Sg.Ill: čuärvva

(4) Sg.Loc: čuẹʹrvest

(5) Sg.Com: čueʹrvin

(6) Ess: čuäʹrvven

(7) Par: čuäʹrvved

(8) Pl.Acc: čueʹrvid

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: čuärvaž

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-chuaervv
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čuärvv-
• :%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čuẹʹrv-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) čuäʹrvv Ess+Px..

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) vuâss-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vueʹss-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vueʹsˈs Ess+Px..

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: ELSE Lowered: Sg.Ill e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-jeaggj
• There are several stem types
• A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) jeägˈga
• :%^PAL A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) jeäʹǧˈǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC A-02_PL-NOM ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) jiẹʹǧǧest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (5) jieʹǧǧin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC A-02_E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) jieʹǧǧin

• :%^PAL%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) jeäʹǧˈǧen, (7) jeäʹǧˈǧed

• :%^CCC2CC A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) jeäggaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeägˈg-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^Allegro%^PAL%^CCC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹˈʹǧ-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹǧˈǧ

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (2)

• LEXICON A-02_E-STEM_SG-NOM (1)

• LEXICON A-02_E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN (2) e.g. +Sg+Acc+PxPl3 e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• LEXICON A-02_E-STEM_SG-ILL (3)

• LEXICON A-02_E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH (9)

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

FORMS

• Yaml: N-jeaerggj, N-keadgg
• There are several stem types
• jeäʹrǧǧ:jeäʹrǧǧ
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeärgg-
• :%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹʹrj-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹrmm Ess+Px..

WHAT IS THIS CLASS

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^V2VV%^PAL A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg1

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with high stem vowel and i-stems

• LEXICON A-01_JUURD juurd:jurdd is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par N_GEN2I-ILLAX3-LOCEX3-NOM1X1
• Yaml: N-juurd
• There are several stem types

• juurd:juurd

• LEXICON A_KOSSI kõssi:kõ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ss

• LEXICON A-01_KOSSI kõssi:kõ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ss

• LEXICON A-01_MAADD maadd:madd is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-maadd
• There are several stem types
• maadd:maadd strong_geminate, long_vowel, no-palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, no-palatalization, high_stem_vowel

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with low stem vowel and u-stems

u-stems

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with high stem vowel and â-stems

CLASS 3 HIGH VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

m-stems

• LEXICON A-01_SOOUS sõõus:sõ%^1VOWhss

CLASS 3

n-stems

CLASS 3

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, HIGH VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE Â:0

• LEXICON A-01_VOONYS võõnâs:võnnâs like TOLL

N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-voonas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A-01_KOODDYS kõõddâs:kõddâs like N_PODD, N_PAPP, N_LUUBBYL
• Yaml: N-kooddas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A-01_TAALKYS taalkâs:talkkâs like PÕRTT
• Yaml: N-taalkas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A-01_PIIUTYS piiutâs:pi%^1VOWhttâs like N_VAHTT stemtype n-stem piiutâs:piiutâs
• Yaml: N-piiutas
• :%^Pen%^V2VV%^Pen%^YXX2VX A-02_SG-NOM ; piiutâs

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A-01_FIINYS fiinâs:fijnnâs stemtype n-stem fiinâs:fiinâs

• Yaml: A-fiinas
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, HIGH VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON A-01_TUOVYS tuõvâs:tuõvˈvâs
• Yaml: N-tuovas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A-01_VUOIVYS vuõivâs:vuõivvâs

• Yaml: N-vuoivas
• :%^Pen%^YXX2YX A-02_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg_Nom: vuõivâs
• :%^VC A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl_Nom: vuõivvâz
• :%^RmVow%>a A-02_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg_Ill: vuõivvsa
• :%^RmVow%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; (4) Sg_Loc: vuõivvsest
• :%^RmVow A-02_SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5) Sg_Com: vuõivvsin
• :%^RmVow%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: vuõivvsen

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A-01_RUODDYS ruõddâs:ruõdˈdâs N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON A-01_KOAOADDAS kååddas:kåddas N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-kååddas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; kådds-

• LEXICON A-01_KOALVAK kåålvak:kåålvak stemtype n-stem kåålvak:kåålvak Palatalization loss in Sg.Ill
• Yaml: N-paattakj
• :%^RmVow%>a A-02_SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: kåålvka
• :%^RmVow%^PALK%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc: kåålvǩest

• :%^RmVow%^PALK VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON A-01_AACCIKH pååttaǩ:pååttaǩ stemtype n-stem pååttaǩ:pååttaǩ Palatalization loss in Sg.Ill
• Yaml: N-paattakj
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

stemtype n-stem jânnam:jânnam N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-jânnam

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON A-01_KOAOAVAS kååvas:kåvvas
• Yaml: N-kaavas
• :%^VC A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; kåvvaz

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON A-01_PAEAELKAS päälkas:pälkkas
• Yaml: N-paalkas
• :%^VC A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; pälkkaz

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON A-01_CEAEGGAS ceäggas:ceägˈgas
• Yaml: N-ceaeggas
• :%^VC A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; ceägˈgaz
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE A:0

2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 252)

2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a

2.3.2.2 LACKS Gradation

2.3.2.2.1 Penultimate stem vowel loss: (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Gen, Pl.Acc, Pl.Ill, Pl.Loc, Pl.Com, Pl.Abe)

2.3.2.2.1.1 The Sg.Com vowel i appears before final n

• Yaml: N-juaghghas
• :%^VC A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; juâkˈkaz
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON A_MUYLAS muâlas:muâlˈlas

• LEXICON A-01_MUYLAS muâlas:muâlˈlas

• Yaml: N-muylas
• :%^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; muâlˈlaz
• :%^VC PL-NOM ; muâlˈlaz

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• Yaml: kerres
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE E:0

• LEXICON A-01_KAAQLLES kääʹlles:källes
• Yaml: N-kaeaelles

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; källs-

• LEXICON A-01_REEQGXGXES reeʹǧǧes:rẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}gges
• Yaml: N-kaeaelles

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; källs-

• LEXICON A-01_OAQVES ååʹves:åvves
• Yaml: N-aaves

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; åvvs-

• LEXICON A-01_KAAQRBES kääʹrbes:kärbbes
• Yaml: N-kaeaerbes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; kärbbs-

• LEXICON A-01_PUAQRES puäʹres:puärˈres
• Yaml: N-puaeres

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; puärˈrs-

• LEXICON A-01_PUUQTTES puuʹttes:pu%^1VOWtt
• Yaml: A-puuqttes
• :%^VOWLower%>s VOONYS-STEM-PX ; potts-

-stems

• LEXICON A-01_CHUEQDHES čueʹđes:čuâttes
• Yaml: N-chuedhes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A-01_KHEEQLES ǩeeʹles:ǩeâlˈles
• Yaml: N-chuedhes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON A-01_PUEAQRDES pueʹrdes:puä%{ʹØ%}rddes
• Yaml: N-chuaeckes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• Yaml: N-sett
• There are several stem types

e-a-stems

čâustõk+N+Sg+Gen:čâustõõǥǥ

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^K2GG A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^K2GG A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

• Yaml: N-radio
• A-02_SG-NOM ; (TSA-1) +Sg+Nom:
• A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (=TSA-2)
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje A-02_SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: A-02_SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• A-02_SG-LOC ; ()
• A-02_SG-COM_IN ; (=TSA-4)
• A-02_ESS/PAR ; ()
• A-02_PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom:

• A-02_PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• LEXICON A-01_NALLSHEM čââʹlmteʹm:čââʹlmtẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}m 292-295
• Yaml: A-chaalmtem Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04
• čââʹlmtẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}m
• čââʹlmtẹ00m

Stem types from the grammar

These are still not fixed.

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-EEI tuõđšteei:tueʹjjee tuõđšteei:tueʹjjee
• Yaml: N-tuodhshteei

Class 5 according to Feist 152

k-stems

stemtype

• Yaml: N-chaustok

Class 6 according to Feist 153-154 PRESENT A-02_PARTICIPLES

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-NOGRADE-I uuidi:uuidi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types

• cõggi:cõggi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VCC-I cõggi:cõggi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types

• cõggi:cõggi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VQCC-I
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types

• cõggi:cõggi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VVCC-I jõõvvi:jõõvvi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• jõõvvi:jõõvvi NumContLex=”1.2”
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; (1) jõõvvi
• : A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jõõvvi
• :%^I2J%>a A-02_SG-ILL ; jõõvvja
• :%^I2J%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; jõõvvjest
• :%^I2J A-02_SG-COM_IN ; jõõvvjin
• :%^I2J%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; jõõvvjen
• :%^CC2C A-02_PL-NOM ; jõõvi
• :%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ; jõõvvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^CC2C%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ; jõõvji

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: A-02_PL-NOM ; jõõvvi

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VVQCC-I jooʹtti:jooʹtti
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• jõõvvi:jõõvvi NumContLex=”1.2”
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; (1) jõõvvi
• : A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jõõvvi
• :%^I2J%>a A-02_SG-ILL ; jõõvvja
• :%^I2J%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; jõõvvjest
• :%^I2J A-02_SG-COM_IN ; jõõvvjin
• :%^I2J%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ; jõõvvjen
• :%^CC2C A-02_PL-NOM ; jõõvi
• :%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ; jõõvvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^CC2C%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ; jõõvji

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: A-02_PL-NOM ; jõõvvi

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VVKK-I lookki:lookki
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types

• lookki:lookki NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VVQKK-I
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types

• lookki:lookki NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWKK-I ǩiõssi:ǩiõssi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types

• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWQKK-I
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types

• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWCC-I vuõlli:vuõlli
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types

• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWQCC-I
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types

• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWCCC-I kuõʒʒi:kuõʒˈʒi
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types

• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWQCCC-I kuõddi:kuõʹdˈdi
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types

• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWXYY-I suõskki:suõskki

• Yaml: suoskki

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWQXYY-I

• Yaml: suoskki

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VCC-AI kåččai:kåččai
• Yaml: kachchai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : A-02_SG-NOM ;
• : A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a A-02_SG-ILL ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e A-02_SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^V2VV A-02_SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ;
• :%^Pen%^V2VV A-02_PL-NOM ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: A-02_PL-NOM ;

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^Pen%^V2VV%^RmVow%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ;

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VVCC-AI peellai:peellai
• Yaml: paassai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; Sg.Nom.Indef: peellai
• : A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a A-02_SG-ILL ; Sg.Ill.Indef: peellja
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e A-02_SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^V2VV A-02_SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ;
• :%^Pen%^CC2C A-02_PL-NOM ; Pl.Nom.Indef: peelai
• :%^RmVow%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: A-02_PL-NOM ;

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^Pen%^CC2C%^RmVow%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ;

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VVKK-AI pååssai:pååssai
• Yaml: paassai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : A-02_SG-NOM ; Sg.Nom.Indef: pååssai
• : A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a A-02_SG-ILL ; Sg.Ill.Indef: pååssja
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e A-02_SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J A-02_SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e A-02_ESS/PAR ;
• :%^Pen%^KK2GG A-02_PL-NOM ; Pl.Nom.Indef: pååzzai
• :%^RmVow%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: A-02_PL-NOM ;

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^Pen%^KK2GG%^RmVow%^I2J A-02_PL-OBL ;

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VYXX-AI särnnai:särnnai
• Yaml: sarnnai
• There are several stem types

• särnnai:särnnai NumContLex=”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWCC-AI vuejjai:vuejjai
• Yaml: N-vuejjai
• There are several stem types

• vuejjai:vuejjai NumContLex=”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWKK-AI reäkkai:reäkkai
• Yaml: N-reakkai
• There are several stem types

• reäkkai:reäkkai NumContLex=”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWCCC-AI vuäggai:vuägˈgai
• Yaml: N-reakkai
• There are several stem types

• vuägˈgai:vuägˈgai NumContLex=”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWXYY-AI meälttai:meälttai
• Yaml: sarnnai
• There are several stem types

• meälttai:meälttai NumContLex=”

• LEXICON A-01_ZHEEVAI žeevai:žẹẹvai
• Yaml: zheevai NumContLex=”

participles in -I from verbs in ʹ-ed

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VQYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VHYY-I lahtti:la%^1VOWhtti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VQHYY-I aʹhtti:a%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWHYY-AI veâhssai:veâhssai
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• Yaml: N-suvddi

• There are several stem types NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_LIEQDHDHDHI lieʹđđi:lieʹđˈđi

• Yaml: N-liedhdhdhi NumContLex=”1.2”

• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types

• vueʹstti:vueʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• LEXICON A-01_PRSPRC-VWHCC-I viõhssi:viõhssi

• LEXICON A-01_VUOIQNNI vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnni
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnni NumContLex=”1.2”

Class 7 according to Feist 154-155

i-stems

• LEXICON A-01_HOQPPI hõʹppi:hõʹppi
• Yaml: hoppi
• There are several stem types

• hõʹppi:hõʹppi

• LEXICON A-01_KAAMMI kaammi:kaamm
• Yaml: piannai
• There are several stem types kaammi käʹmme kaammjen käʹmmi

Class 8 according to Feist 155-157

Class 9 according to Feist 158

• Yaml: A-saemmlazh ânnʼjõž:ânnʼj

• Yaml: A-saemmlazh säʹmmlaž:säʹmmlaž

Diminutive derivations

(2009: 306)

• muõrâž:muõr

• Yaml: N-muorazh

• LEXICON A-02_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL paapp-
• :âž A-02_SG-NOM ; paappâž
• :že A-02_SG-ILL ; paappže

• :že A-02_ESS/PAR ; paappžen

• LEXICON A-02_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL paaʹpp-
• :%>e A-02_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; paaʹppe
• :%>e A-02_SG-LOC ; paaʹppest
• :%>e A-02_SG-COM_IN ; paaʹppein
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: A-02_SG-COM_IN ; paaʹppin
• :%>e A-02_PL-NOM ; paaʹppe
• :%>e A-02_PL-OBL ; paaʹppei Merja differentiates from regular pl

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: A-02_PL-OBL ; paaʹppi

• Yaml: N-muorazh

• : HatY-STEM-PX-WEAKEN_LARGO ; säʹmmlõõžž- Sg_Loc_PxSg1

• :%^PAL HatY-STEM-PX-WEAKEN_LARGO ; säʹmmlõõʹžž- Sg_Loc_PxSg1

• LEXICON A-01_PEESSAZH piissuž:pẹẹss

• LEXICON A_PIISSUZH piissuž:piiss

(2009: 310)

• piissuž:piiss

• Yaml: N-piissuzh

• kuâlaž:kuâl
• Yaml: N-kualazh kuâla, kuâlže
• : LOAOADDAZH-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; This should go to each stem type ERROR

Class 11 according to Feist 162

Class 12 Feist 163

Noun phrase heads

Pl

Number and case tags

Used with words like juurd: jurddǥatta

Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem Is for nouns with -ast Loc

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com uâ:uõ, eä:iâ

FORMS

N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-vuarr grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) vuârr Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+A:%^CC2C%> A-01_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vuâraž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

Adjectives – to be moved

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adjectives.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-adverbs.lexc.md

Skolt Saami adverbs

• LEXICON ADV_OARRA årra:årr

• LEXICON ADV_PIRRSES pirrses:pirr

• LEXICON ADV_LUUZZYS luuzzâs:luuzz

• LEXICON ADV_LUUQNNES luuʹnnes:luunn

• LEXICON ADV_YQLNN âʹlnn:â%^1VOWlnn

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adverbs.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-nouns.lexc.md

Skolt Saami noun morphology

This file documents the Skolt Saami noun morphology, lexicon by lexicon.

Unclassified words

• LEXICON N_ FOR (STILL) UNCLASSIFIED INCOMING NOUNS.

IRREGULAR NOUN nijdd

• LEXICON N_NIJDD nijdd:ni

• LEXICON NMN_NIJDD nijdd:ni
• Yaml: N-nijdd
• :jdd SG-NOM ; nijdd
• :jdd%>â ESS/PAR ; nijddân, nijddâd strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization
• :%{ʹØ%}jdd%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; niʹjdde strong_geminate, long_vowel
• :õđ SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; niõđ
• :õđ%>â SG-LOC ; niõđâst

• :õđ SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; niõđ, niõđid, niõđid, niõđin, niõđivuiʹm, niõđitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:õđ N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; niõđ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:õ%{ʹØ%}đ%^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; niõʹđ-

• +Err/GenreLeudd:õđâ SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; niõđ Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:õđâ SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• nijdd # examples:*
• nijdd: nijdd+N+Sg+Nom
• niõđ: nijdd+N+Sg+Gen
• niõđ: nijdd+N+Sg+Acc
• niʹjdde: nijdd+N+Sg+Ill
• niõđâst: nijdd+N+Sg+Loc
• niõđstad: nijdd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• niõđin: nijdd+N+Sg+Com
• nijddân: nijdd+N+Ess
• nijddâd: nijdd+N+Par
• niõđtaa: nijdd+N+Sg+Abe
• niõđ: nijdd+N+Pl+Nom
• niõđi: nijdd+N+Pl+Gen
• niõđid: nijdd+N+Pl+Acc
• niõđid: nijdd+N+Pl+Ill
• niõđin: nijdd+N+Pl+Loc
• niõđivuiʹm: nijdd+N+Pl+Com
• niõđitaa: nijdd+N+Pl+Abe
• niõđâž: nijdd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom
• niõʹđe: nijdd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON N_1Y_VCC papp:pa%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}pp
• LEXICON N_PAPP papp:papp similar_to: N_PESS N_1Y_VCC pa%{a0%}%{ʹ0%}%{p0%}p V%{V0%}%{ʹ0%}%{C0%}C Sg_Nom: high-vowel=yes monophthong=yes long-vowel=yes palatalization=no consonantism=quant-gem long-consonant=yes

1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel

geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel

geminate”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-papp strong_geminate, short_vowel
• : SG-NOM ; papp
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; pappân, pappâd

strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization

• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; paʹppe
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: paʹppi

strong_geminate, long_vowel

• :%^V2VV SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; paapp
• :%^V2VV%>â SG-LOC ; paappâst

• :%^V2VV SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; paappi, paappid, paappid, paappin, paappivuiʹm, paappitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paapp-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹpp- papp+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 paʹpstes

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg3 pp:p papstes

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; papp
• :%^V2VV PL-NOM ; paapp
• :%^V2VV PL-OBL ; paappi, paappid, paappid, paappin, paappivuiʹm, paappitaa

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; pappân, pappâd

• papp # examples:*
• papp: papp+N+Sg+Nom
• paapp: papp+N+Sg+Gen
• paapp: papp+N+Sg+Acc
• paʹppe: papp+N+Sg+Ill
• paappâst: papp+N+Sg+Loc
• papstan: papp+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• paappstan: papp+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• paappin: papp+N+Sg+Com
• pappân: papp+N+Ess
• pappâd: papp+N+Par
• paapptaa: papp+N+Sg+Abe
• paapp: papp+N+Pl+Nom
• paappi: papp+N+Pl+Gen
• paappid: papp+N+Pl+Acc
• paappid: papp+N+Pl+Ill
• paappin: papp+N+Pl+Loc
• paappivuiʹm: papp+N+Pl+Com
• paappitaa: papp+N+Pl+Abe
• paappâž: papp+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• paaʹppe: papp+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• Yaml: N-pakk strong_geminate, short_vowel
• : SG-NOM ; papp
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; pappân, pappâd

strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization

• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; paʹppe
• :%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: paʹppi

strong_geminate, long_vowel

• :%^V2VV SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; paapp
• :%^V2VV%>â SG-LOC ; paappâst

• :%^V2VV SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; paappi, paappid, paappid, paappin, paappivuiʹm, paappitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paapp-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹpp- papp+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 paʹpstes

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg3 pp:p papstes

• LEXICON N_1Y_VYKK algg:a%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgg

• Yaml: N-algg

• : SG-NOM ; põrtt

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; põõrt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; põʹrtte
• :%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; põʹrtti
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; põõrtâst
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; põõrtin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; põõrti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; põõrt-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; põõʹrt-

• LEXICON N_1Y_VYXX põrtt:põ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}rtt
• LEXICON N_ALGG põrtt:põ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}rtt N_1Y_VYXX Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_xyy similar_to: N_TAALKYS, N_KOONTYR 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|short_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-algg

• : SG-NOM ; põrtt

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; põõrt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; põʹrtte
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; põʹrtti
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; põõrtâst
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; põõrtin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; põõrti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; põõrt-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; põõʹrt-

• LEXICON N_1Y_VYKK-PL põõrt:põrtt
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; põrtt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; põõrti

• LEXICON N_ALGG-PL põõrt:põrtt
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; põrtt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; põõrt
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; põrttân

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; põõrti

• algg # examples:*
• algg: algg+N+Sg+Nom
• aalǥ: algg+N+Sg+Gen
• aalǥ: algg+N+Sg+Acc
• aʹlǧǧe: algg+N+Sg+Ill
• aalǥâst: algg+N+Sg+Loc
• alǥstan: algg+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• aalǥstan: algg+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• aalǥin: algg+N+Sg+Com
• alggân: algg+N+Ess
• alggâd: algg+N+Par
• alǥtaa: algg+N+Sg+Abe
• aalǥ: algg+N+Pl+Nom
• aalǥi: algg+N+Pl+Gen
• aalǥid: algg+N+Pl+Acc
• aalǥid: algg+N+Pl+Ill
• aalǥin: algg+N+Pl+Loc
• aalǥivuiʹm: algg+N+Pl+Com
• aalǥitaa: algg+N+Pl+Abe
• aalǥâž: algg+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• aaʹlje: algg+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Y_VUKK joukk:jo%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}kk

• Yaml: N-autt

• : SG-NOM ; autt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; aaut
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; auʹtte
• :%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; auʹtte
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; aautâst
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; aautin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; auttân
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; aaut

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; aauti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; aaut-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; aauʹt-

• LEXICON N_1Y_VUCC autt:a%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}tt
• LEXICON N_AUTT autt:a%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}tt N_1Y_VUCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_vyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|long_V-cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|short_V-cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-autt

• : SG-NOM ; autt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; aaut
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; auʹtte
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; auʹtte
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; aautâst
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; aautin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; auttân
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; aaut

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; aauti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; aaut-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; aauʹt-

• LEXICON N_AUTT-PL aaut:autt
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; autt
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; auttân
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; aaut

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; aauti

• autt # examples:*
• autt: autt+N+Sg+Nom
• aaut: autt+N+Sg+Gen
• aaut: autt+N+Sg+Acc
• auʹtte: autt+N+Sg+Ill
• aautâst: autt+N+Sg+Loc
• autstan: autt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• aautin: autt+N+Sg+Com
• auttân: autt+N+Ess
• auttâd: autt+N+Par
• auttaa: autt+N+Sg+Abe
• aaut: autt+N+Pl+Nom
• aauti: autt+N+Pl+Gen
• aautid: autt+N+Pl+Acc
• aautid: autt+N+Pl+Ill
• aautin: autt+N+Pl+Loc
• aautivuiʹm: autt+N+Pl+Com
• aautitaa: autt+N+Pl+Abe
• aautâž: autt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• aauʹte: autt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Y_VHCC vahtt:va%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt
• LEXICON N_VAHTT vahtt:va%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt N_1Y_VHCC cf. SIJDD Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_hyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|h-cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|short_u-cluster”

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

  1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

  â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

  1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

  1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

  Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-vahtt

• : SG-NOM ; vahtt
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2VX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; vaaut
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; vaʹhtte
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; vaʹhtti
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2VX%>â SG-LOC ; vaautâst
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; vaautin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; vahttân

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2VX PL-OBL ; vaauti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2VX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; vaaut-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; vaauʹt-

• vahtt # examples:*
• vahtt: vahtt+N+Sg+Nom
• vaaut: vahtt+N+Sg+Gen
• vaaut: vahtt+N+Sg+Acc
• vaʹhtte: vahtt+N+Sg+Ill
• vaautâst: vahtt+N+Sg+Loc
• vautstan: vahtt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• vaautin: vahtt+N+Sg+Com
• vahttân: vahtt+N+Ess
• vahttâd: vahtt+N+Par
• vaautʼtaa: vahtt+N+Sg+Abe
• vaaut: vahtt+N+Pl+Nom
• vaauti: vahtt+N+Pl+Gen
• vaautid: vahtt+N+Pl+Acc
• vaautid: vahtt+N+Pl+Ill
• vaautin: vahtt+N+Pl+Loc
• vaautivuiʹm: vahtt+N+Pl+Com
• vaautitaa: vahtt+N+Pl+Abe
• vaautâž: vahtt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• vaauʹte: vahtt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Y_VKK_VVGG jokk:jo%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk

• Yaml: N-jokk river/joki

• : SG-NOM ; jokk
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; jokkân
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; joʹǩǩe
• :%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; joʹǩǩi
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; jooǥǥ
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; jooǥǥâ
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; jooǥǥin
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG PL-OBL ; jooǥǥi, kuuzzid, kuuzzid, kuuzzin, kuuzzivuiʹm, kuuzzitaa
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; jooǥǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; jooʹjj-

• LEXICON N_KUSS kuss:ku%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ss N_1Y_VKK_HVVGG Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|voiced_geminate”

See also: NMN_KUSS-PLC, which is the same, but minus PL forms and certain cases

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com similar_to:

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kuss

• : SG-NOM ; kuss
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; kussân
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; kuʹsse
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; kuʹssi
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; kuuzz
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; kuuzzâ
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; kuuzzin
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG PL-OBL ; kuuzzi, kuuzzid, kuuzzid, kuuzzin, kuuzzivuiʹm, kuuzzitaa
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

• kuss # examples:*
• kuss: kuss+N+Sg+Nom
• kuuzz: kuss+N+Sg+Gen
• kuuzz: kuss+N+Sg+Acc
• kuʹsse: kuss+N+Sg+Ill
• kuuzzâst: kuss+N+Sg+Loc
• kuzstan: kuss+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• kuuzzin: kuss+N+Sg+Com
• kussân: kuss+N+Ess
• kussâd: kuss+N+Par
• kuuzztaa: kuss+N+Sg+Abe
• kuuzz: kuss+N+Pl+Nom
• kuuzzi: kuss+N+Pl+Gen
• kuuzzid: kuss+N+Pl+Acc
• kuuzzid: kuss+N+Pl+Ill
• kuuzzin: kuss+N+Pl+Loc
• kuuzzivuiʹm: kuss+N+Pl+Com
• kuuzzitaa: kuss+N+Pl+Abe
• kuuzzâž: kuss+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• kuuʹzze: kuss+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• Yaml: N-ruossh
• : SG-NOM ;
• :%^CCC2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; ruõcc
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; ruõʹcˈce
• :%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; ruõʹcˈci
• :%^CCC2CC%>â SG-LOC ; ruõccâst
• :%^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>â ESS/PAR ;

• :%^CCC2CC PL-OBL ; ruõcci

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CCC2CC N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; ruõcc-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; ruõʹcc-

• LEXICON N_RUOCCC ruõcc:ruõ%{ʹØ%}cˈc N_1Y_VWCCC_CC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_long 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|geminate”

THIS IS NOT THE SAME AS N_MUORR

• Yaml: N-ruossh
• : SG-NOM ;
• :%^CCC2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; ruõcc
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; ruõʹcˈce
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; ruõʹcˈci
• :%^CCC2CC%>â SG-LOC ; ruõccâst
• :%^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>â ESS/PAR ;

• :%^CCC2CC PL-OBL ; ruõcci

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CCC2CC N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; ruõcc-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^CCC2CC N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; ruõʹcc-

• ruõcc # examples:*
• ruõcˈc: ruõcc+N+Sg+Nom
• ruõcc: ruõcc+N+Sg+Gen
• ruõcc: ruõcc+N+Sg+Acc
• ruõʹcˈce: ruõcc+N+Sg+Ill
• ruõccâst: ruõcc+N+Sg+Loc
• ruõˈcstan: ruõcc+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõccstan: ruõcc+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõccin: ruõcc+N+Sg+Com
• ruõcˈcân: ruõcc+N+Ess
• ruõcˈcâd: ruõcc+N+Par
• ruõcctaa: ruõcc+N+Sg+Abe
• ruõcc: ruõcc+N+Pl+Nom
• ruõcci: ruõcc+N+Pl+Gen
• ruõccid: ruõcc+N+Pl+Acc
• ruõccid: ruõcc+N+Pl+Ill
• ruõccin: ruõcc+N+Pl+Loc
• ruõccivuiʹm: ruõcc+N+Pl+Com
• ruõccitaa: ruõcc+N+Pl+Abe
• ruõccâž: ruõcc+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• ruõʹcce: ruõcc+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• : SG-NOM ; (1) čuõskk
• :%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) čuõsk
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; (3) čuõʹsǩǩe
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; čuõʹsǩǩi
• :%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) čuõskest
• :%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) čuõskin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) čuõskkân
• :%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) čuõsk

• :%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (5) čuõskin

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; čuõsk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; čuõʹsǩ-

• LEXICON N_1Y_VWYXX-PL juõštt:juõštt
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; (1) čuõskk
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) čuõskkân
• :%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) čuõsk
• :%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (5) čuõskin

N_1Y_VWYKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_yxx 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|short_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-chuoskk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) čuõskk
• :%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) čuõsk
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) čuõʹsǩǩe
• :%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; čuõʹsǩǩi
• :%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) čuõskest
• :%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) čuõskin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) čuõskkân
• :%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) čuõsk

• :%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (5) čuõskin

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; čuõsk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; čuõʹsǩ-

• čuõškk # examples:*
• čuõškk: čuõškk+N+Sg+Nom
• čuõšk: čuõškk+N+Sg+Gen
• čuõšk: čuõškk+N+Sg+Acc
• čuõʹšǩǩe: čuõškk+N+Sg+Ill
• čuõškâst: čuõškk+N+Sg+Loc
• čuõˈškstan: čuõškk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• čuõškstan: čuõškk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• čuõškin: čuõškk+N+Sg+Com
• čuõškkân: čuõškk+N+Ess
• čuõškkâd: čuõškk+N+Par
• čuõšktaa: čuõškk+N+Sg+Abe
• čuõšk: čuõškk+N+Pl+Nom
• čuõški: čuõškk+N+Pl+Gen
• čuõškid: čuõškk+N+Pl+Acc
• čuõškid: čuõškk+N+Pl+Ill
• čuõškin: čuõškk+N+Pl+Loc
• čuõškivuiʹm: čuõškk+N+Pl+Com
• čuõškitaa: čuõškk+N+Pl+Abe
• čuõškâž: čuõškk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• čuõʹšǩe: čuõškk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_RUOIDD ruõidd:ruõi%{ʹØ%}dd N_1Y_VWUCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_vxx 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_V-cluster” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|short_V-cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-chuoskk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) ruõidd
• :%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) ruõid
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; (3) ruõiʹdde
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; ruõiʹddi
• :%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) ruõidest
• :%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5) ruõidin

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) ruõiddân

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; ruõid-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; ruõiʹd-

• ruõidd # examples:*
• ruõidd: ruõidd+N+Sg+Nom
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Sg+Gen
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Sg+Acc
• ruõiʹdde: ruõidd+N+Sg+Ill
• ruõidâst: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc
• ruõˈidstan: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõidstan: ruõidd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ruõidin: ruõidd+N+Sg+Com
• ruõiddân: ruõidd+N+Ess
• ruõiddâd: ruõidd+N+Par
• ruõidtaa: ruõidd+N+Sg+Abe
• ruõid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Nom
• ruõidi: ruõidd+N+Pl+Gen
• ruõidid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Acc
• ruõidid: ruõidd+N+Pl+Ill
• ruõidin: ruõidd+N+Pl+Loc
• ruõidivuiʹm: ruõidd+N+Pl+Com
• ruõiditaa: ruõidd+N+Pl+Abe
• ruõidâž: ruõidd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• ruõiʹde: ruõidd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_PUOAVV puåvv:puå%{ʹØ%}vv N_1Y_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|single_consonant” Sg_Ill=”diphthong|vowel_e-coloration|long_geminate”

is for words with -âst Loc but -ense Ill 3rd grade

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e Has Allophonic palatalization

1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: puåvâž

puåvv:puåvv

• Yaml: N-kiapp, N-puavv

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: puåvv
• :%^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: puåv
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pueʹvˈve
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: pueʹvˈvi
• :%^CC2C%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: puåvâst
• :%^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: puåvin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: puåvvân

• :%^CC2C PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Gen: puåvi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; puåv-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; pueʹv-

• LEXICON N_PUOAVV-PL puåvv:puå%{ʹØ%}vv
• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; (1) Sg.Nom: puåvv
• :%^CC2C PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: puåv
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: puåvvân

• :%^CC2C PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Gen: puåvi

• puåvv # examples:*
• puåvv: puåvv+N+Sg+Nom
• puåv: puåvv+N+Sg+Gen
• puåv: puåvv+N+Sg+Acc
• pueʹvˈve: puåvv+N+Sg+Ill
• puåvâst: puåvv+N+Sg+Loc
• puåˈvstan: puåvv+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• puåvstan: puåvv+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• puåvin: puåvv+N+Sg+Com
• puåvvân: puåvv+N+Ess
• puåvvâd: puåvv+N+Par
• puåvtaa: puåvv+N+Sg+Abe
• puåv: puåvv+N+Pl+Nom
• puåvi: puåvv+N+Pl+Gen
• puåvid: puåvv+N+Pl+Acc
• puåvid: puåvv+N+Pl+Ill
• puåvin: puåvv+N+Pl+Loc
• puåvivuiʹm: puåvv+N+Pl+Com
• puåvitaa: puåvv+N+Pl+Abe
• puåvâž: puåvv+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• pueʹve: puåvv+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• Yaml: N-kiapp, N-puavv

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: liâkk
• :%^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: liâǥǥ
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: lieʹǩˈǩe
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: lieʹǩˈǩi
• :%^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: liâǥǥâst
• :%^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: liâǥǥin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: liâkkân

• :%^KK2GG PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Gen: liâǥǥi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^KK2GG N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; liâǥǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; lieʹjj-

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ;
• :%^KK2GG PL-NOM ; viõǥǥ
• :%>â ESS/PAR ;

• :%^KK2GG PL-OBL ; luõzzi

• LEXICON N_1Y_IY/EKK liâkk:liâ%{ʹØ%}kk

N_1Y_VWKK

• Yaml: N-kiapp, N-puavv

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: liâkk
• :%^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: liâǥǥ
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: lieʹǩˈǩe
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: lieʹǩˈǩi
• :%^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: liâǥǥâst
• :%^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: liâǥǥin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: liâkkân

• :%^KK2GG PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Gen: liâǥǥi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^KK2GG N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; liâǥǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; lieʹjj-

• liâkk # examples:*
• liâkk: liâkk+N+Sg+Nom
• liâǥǥ: liâkk+N+Sg+Gen
• liâǥǥ: liâkk+N+Sg+Acc
• lieʹǩˈǩe: liâkk+N+Sg+Ill
• liâǥǥâst: liâkk+N+Sg+Loc
• liâˈǥstan: liâkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• liâǥǥstan: liâkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• liâǥǥin: liâkk+N+Sg+Com
• liâkkân: liâkk+N+Ess
• liâkkâd: liâkk+N+Par
• liâǥǥtaa: liâkk+N+Sg+Abe
• liâǥǥ: liâkk+N+Pl+Nom
• liâǥǥi: liâkk+N+Pl+Gen
• liâǥǥid: liâkk+N+Pl+Acc
• liâǥǥid: liâkk+N+Pl+Ill
• liâǥǥin: liâkk+N+Pl+Loc
• liâǥǥivuiʹm: liâkk+N+Pl+Com
• liâǥǥitaa: liâkk+N+Pl+Abe
• liâǥǥâž: liâkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• lieʹjje: liâkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SIYKKK siâkˈk:siâ%{ʹØ%}kˈk N_1Y_VWKKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_long 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Ill=”diphthong|vowel_e-coloration|long_geminate”

is for words with -âst Loc but -ense Ill 3rd grade

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e Has Allophonic palatalization

1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: siâkkâž

siâkˈk:siâkˈk

• Yaml: N-siakk

• : SG-NOM ; siâkˈk
• :%^CCC2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; siâkk
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; sieʹǩˈǩe
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; sieʹǩˈǩi
• :%^CCC2CC%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: siâkkâst
• :%^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: siâkkin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: siâkˈkân

• :%^CCC2CC PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: siâkkid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CCC2CC N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; siâkk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; sieʹǩǩ-

• siâkk # examples:*
• siâkˈk: siâkk+N+Sg+Nom
• siâkk: siâkk+N+Sg+Gen
• siâkk: siâkk+N+Sg+Acc
• sieʹǩˈǩe: siâkk+N+Sg+Ill
• siâkkâst: siâkk+N+Sg+Loc
• siâˈkstan: siâkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• siâkkstan: siâkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• siâkkin: siâkk+N+Sg+Com
• siâkˈkân: siâkk+N+Ess
• siâkˈkâd: siâkk+N+Par
• siâkktaa: siâkk+N+Sg+Abe
• siâkk: siâkk+N+Pl+Nom
• siâkki: siâkk+N+Pl+Gen
• siâkkid: siâkk+N+Pl+Acc
• siâkkid: siâkk+N+Pl+Ill
• siâkkin: siâkk+N+Pl+Loc
• siâkkivuiʹm: siâkk+N+Pl+Com
• siâkkitaa: siâkk+N+Pl+Abe
• siâkkâž: siâkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• sieʹǩǩe: siâkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SMIYHHH siâkˈk:siâ%{ʹØ%}kˈk N_1Y_VWCCC

• Yaml: N-siakk

• : SG-NOM ; smiâhˈh
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; smiâhˈh
• :%^PALE%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; smieʹhˈhe
• :%^PALE%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; smieʹhˈhi
• :%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: smiâhˈhâst
• : SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: smiâhˈhin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: smiâhˈhân

• : PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: smiâhˈhid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; smiâhˈh-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; smieʹhˈh-

• LEXICON N_1Y_IY/EYXX piâldd:piâ%{ʹØ%}ldd

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: vuåkr
• :%^PALE%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: vueʹkrre
• :%^PALE%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: sǩieʹŋǩǩi
• :%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: vuåkrâst
• :%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: vuåkrin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: vuåkrrân

• :%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: vuåkrid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; vuåkr-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; vueʹkr-

• LEXICON N_1Y_UA/EYXX vuåkrr:vuå%{ʹØ%}krr

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: vuåkr
• :%^PALE%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: vueʹkrre
• :%^PALE%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: sǩieʹŋǩǩi
• :%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: vuåkrâst
• :%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: vuåkrin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: vuåkrrân

• :%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: vuåkrid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; vuåkr-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; vueʹkr-

• vuåkrr # examples:*
• vuåkrr: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Nom
• vuåkr: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Gen
• vuåkr: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Acc
• vueʹkrre: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Ill
• vuåkrâst: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Loc
• vuåˈkrstan: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• vuåkrstan: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• vuåkrin: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Com
• vuåkrrân: vuåkrr+N+Ess
• vuåkrrâd: vuåkrr+N+Par
• vuåkrtaa: vuåkrr+N+Sg+Abe
• vuåkr: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Nom
• vuåkri: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Gen
• vuåkrid: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Acc
• vuåkrid: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Ill
• vuåkrin: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Loc
• vuåkrivuiʹm: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Com
• vuåkritaa: vuåkrr+N+Pl+Abe
• vuåkrâž: vuåkrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom
• vueʹkre: vuåkrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen
• LEXICON N_1Y_UA/EYKK sǩiâŋkk:sǩiâ%{ʹØ%}ŋkk

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: sǩiâŋk
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: sǩieʹŋǩǩe
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: sǩieʹŋǩǩi
• :%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: sǩiâŋkâst
• :%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: sǩiâŋkin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: sǩiâŋkkân

• :%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: sǩiâŋkid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; sǩiâŋk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; sǩieʹŋǩ-

• LEXICON N_1Y_IY/EYKK sǩiâŋkk:sǩiâ%{ʹØ%}ŋkk
• LEXICON N_MIYRKK sǩiâŋkk:sǩiâ%{ʹØ%}ŋkk N_1Y_VW/EYKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_xyy 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|long_cluster” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|short_cluster” Sg_Ill=”diphthong|vowel_e-coloration|long_cluster”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-skjiankk

• : SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: sǩiâŋkk
• :%^YXX2YX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: sǩiâŋk
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: sǩieʹŋǩǩe
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: sǩieʹŋǩǩi
• :%^YXX2YX%>â SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: sǩiâŋkâst
• :%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: sǩiâŋkin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: sǩiâŋkkân

• :%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: sǩiâŋkid

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; sǩiâŋk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; sǩieʹŋǩ-

• miârkk # examples:*
• miârkk: miârkk+N+Sg+Nom
• miârk: miârkk+N+Sg+Gen
• miârk: miârkk+N+Sg+Acc
• mieʹrǩǩe: miârkk+N+Sg+Ill
• miârkâst: miârkk+N+Sg+Loc
• miâˈrkstan: miârkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• miârkstan: miârkk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• miârkin: miârkk+N+Sg+Com
• miârkkân: miârkk+N+Ess
• miârkkâd: miârkk+N+Par
• miârktaa: miârkk+N+Sg+Abe
• miârk: miârkk+N+Pl+Nom
• miârki: miârkk+N+Pl+Gen
• miârkid: miârkk+N+Pl+Acc
• miârkid: miârkk+N+Pl+Ill
• miârkin: miârkk+N+Pl+Loc
• miârkivuiʹm: miârkk+N+Pl+Com
• miârkitaa: miârkk+N+Pl+Abe
• miârkâž: miârkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• mieʹrǩe: miârkk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Y_VCC_VVC toll:to%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ll
• LEXICON N_TOLL toll:to%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ll N_1Y_VCC_VVC similar_to: N_AENHNH, N_STAEQLLJ, N_KOONJYL Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.2. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

See also: NMN_TOLL-PLC, which is the same, but minus PL forms and certain cases

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kidd, N-soll, N-toll, N-vorr strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• : SG-NOM ; toll
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; tollân strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; toʹlle
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; toʹlli single_consonant, long_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; tool
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C PL-NOM ; tool
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C%>â SG-LOC ; toolâst
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; toolin

• :%^V2VV%^CC2C PL-OBL ; tooli, toolid, toolid, toolin, toolivuiʹm, toolitaa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^CC2C N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; tool- single_consonant, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^CC2C N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; tooʹl-

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; toll
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; tollân
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C PL-NOM ; tool

• :%^V2VV%^CC2C PL-OBL ; tooli, toolid, toolid, toolin, toolivuiʹm, toolitaa

• toll # examples:*
• toll: toll+N+Sg+Nom
• tool: toll+N+Sg+Gen
• tool: toll+N+Sg+Acc
• toʹlle: toll+N+Sg+Ill
• toolâst: toll+N+Sg+Loc
• tolstad: toll+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• toolstad: toll+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• toolin: toll+N+Sg+Com
• tollân: toll+N+Ess
• tollâd: toll+N+Par
• tooltaa: toll+N+Sg+Abe
• tool: toll+N+Pl+Nom
• tooli: toll+N+Pl+Gen
• toolid: toll+N+Pl+Acc
• toolid: toll+N+Pl+Ill
• toolin: toll+N+Pl+Loc
• toolivuiʹm: toll+N+Pl+Com
• toolitaa: toll+N+Pl+Abe
• toolâž: toll+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• tooʹle: toll+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SIJDD sijdd:si%{ʹØ%}j%{ʹØ%}dd N_1Y_VJCC cf. _VAHTT Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_i_type:pal_no:cns_jyy 1.1.1.1.1.3. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|strong_j-cluster” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-sijdd

• : SG-NOM ; sijdd
• :%^YXX2VX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; siid
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; siʹjdde
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; siʹjddi
• :%^YXX2VX%>â SG-LOC ; siidâst
• :%^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; siidin
• :%^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; siid
• :%^YXX2VX PL-OBL ; siidin

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; sijddân

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2VX N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; siid-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; siiʹd-

• :%^Allegro%^YXX2VX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; CHECKME

• LEXICON N_SIJDD-PL siid:sijdd
• :%^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; siid
• :%^YXX2VX PL-OBL ; siidi

• :%>â ESS/PAR ; sijddâd

• sijdd # examples:*
• sijdd: sijdd+N+Sg+Nom
• siid: sijdd+N+Sg+Gen
• siid: sijdd+N+Sg+Acc
• siʹjdde: sijdd+N+Sg+Ill
• siidâst: sijdd+N+Sg+Loc
• siidstad: sijdd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg2
• sidstad: sijdd+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg2
• siidin: sijdd+N+Sg+Com
• sijddân: sijdd+N+Ess
• sijddâd: sijdd+N+Par
• siidtaa: sijdd+N+Sg+Abe
• siid: sijdd+N+Pl+Nom
• siidi: sijdd+N+Pl+Gen
• siidid: sijdd+N+Pl+Acc
• siidid: sijdd+N+Pl+Ill
• siidin: sijdd+N+Pl+Loc
• siidivuiʹm: sijdd+N+Pl+Com
• siiditaa: sijdd+N+Pl+Abe
• siidâž: sijdd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• siiʹde: sijdd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SAAKK saakk:saa%{ʹØ%}kk N_1Y_VVKK similar_to: N_PAARR, N_SHLAAJJ Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type 1.1.1.1.1.4. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|voiced_geminate”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-saakk is for nouns with -âst Loc. N_Y-EPal2-21 N_GENX1-ILLEPalX3-LOCÂ-NOM1X2
• :%^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; saaǥǥin
• :%^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; saaǥǥ
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; šaʹǩǩe
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; saʹǩǩi
• : SG-NOM ; saakk
• :%^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; saaǥǥâst
• :â ESS/PAR ; saakkân

• :%^KK2GG PL-OBL ; saaǥǥi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; saaǥǥ-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; saaʹjj-

• saakk # examples:*
• saakk: saakk+N+Sg+Nom
• saaǥǥ: saakk+N+Sg+Gen
• saaǥǥ: saakk+N+Sg+Acc
• saʹǩǩe: saakk+N+Sg+Ill
• saaǥǥâst: saakk+N+Sg+Loc
• saǥstan: saakk+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• saaǥǥin: saakk+N+Sg+Com
• saakkân: saakk+N+Ess
• saakkâd: saakk+N+Par
• saaǥǥtaa: saakk+N+Sg+Abe
• saaǥǥ: saakk+N+Pl+Nom
• saaǥǥi: saakk+N+Pl+Gen
• saaǥǥid: saakk+N+Pl+Acc
• saaǥǥid: saakk+N+Pl+Ill
• saaǥǥin: saakk+N+Pl+Loc
• saaǥǥivuiʹm: saakk+N+Pl+Com
• saaǥǥitaa: saakk+N+Pl+Abe
• saaǥǥâž: saakk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• saaʹjje: saakk+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_LUOSS luõss:luõ%{ʹØ%}ss N_1Y_VWKK
• LEXICON NMN_LUOSS luõss:luõss Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type 1.1.1.1.1.4. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|voiced_geminate”

THIS IS NOT THE SAME AS N_MUORR

• Yaml: N-luoss
• : SG-NOM ;
• :%^KK2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; luõzz
• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e SG-ILL ; luõʹsˈse
• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC N2A_LUOQSSI ; luõʹsˈsi
• :%^KK2GG%>â SG-LOC ; luõzzâst
• :%^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>â ESS/PAR ;

• :%^KK2GG PL-OBL ; luõzzi

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; luõzz-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^KK2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; luõʹzz-

• luõss # examples:*
• luõss: luõss+N+Sg+Nom
• luõzz: luõss+N+Sg+Gen
• luõzz: luõss+N+Sg+Acc
• luõʹsˈse: luõss+N+Sg+Ill
• luõzzâst: luõss+N+Sg+Loc
• luõˈzstan: luõss+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• luõzzin: luõss+N+Sg+Com
• luõssân: luõss+N+Ess
• luõssâd: luõss+N+Par
• luõzztaa: luõss+N+Sg+Abe
• luõzz: luõss+N+Pl+Nom
• luõzzi: luõss+N+Pl+Gen
• luõzzid: luõss+N+Pl+Acc
• luõzzid: luõss+N+Pl+Ill
• luõzzin: luõss+N+Pl+Loc
• luõzzivuiʹm: luõss+N+Pl+Com
• luõzzitaa: luõss+N+Pl+Abe
• luõzzâž: luõss+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• luõʹzze: luõss+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Y_VVCC paarr:paa%{ʹØ%}rr
• LEXICON N_PAARR paarr:paa%{ʹØ%}rr N_1Y_VVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.5. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-paarr, N-saakk is for nouns with -âst Loc. N_Y-EPal2-21 N_GENX1-ILLEPalX3-LOCÂ-NOM1X2
• :%^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; paarin
• :%^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; paar
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; paʹrre
• :%^VV2V%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: paʹrri
• : SG-NOM ; paarr
• :%^CC2C%>â SG-LOC ; paarâst
• :â ESS/PAR ; paarrân

• :%^CC2C PL-OBL ; paari

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CC2C N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^CC2C N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• :%^VV2V%^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; par-

• LEXICON N_PAARR-PL paarr:paa%{ʹØ%}rr
• :%^CC2C PL-NOM ; paar
• :â ESS/PAR ; paarrân

• :%^CC2C PL-OBL ; paari

• paarr # examples:*
• paarr: paarr+N+Sg+Nom
• paar: paarr+N+Sg+Gen
• paar: paarr+N+Sg+Acc
• paʹrre: paarr+N+Sg+Ill
• paarâst: paarr+N+Sg+Loc
• parstan: paarr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• paarin: paarr+N+Sg+Com
• paarrân: paarr+N+Ess
• paarrâd: paarr+N+Par
• paartaa: paarr+N+Sg+Abe
• paar: paarr+N+Pl+Nom
• paari: paarr+N+Pl+Gen
• paarid: paarr+N+Pl+Acc
• paarid: paarr+N+Pl+Ill
• paarin: paarr+N+Pl+Loc
• paarivuiʹm: paarr+N+Pl+Com
• paaritaa: paarr+N+Pl+Abe
• paarâž: paarr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• paaʹre: paarr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_SHLAAJJ šlaajj:šlaa%{ʹØ%}jj N_1Y_VVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_jj_type 1.1.1.1.1.5. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|single_consonant”

FORMS

• Yaml: N-shlaajj

• :%^J2I%^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; šlaai

• šlaajj # examples:*
• šlaajj: šlaajj+N+Sg+Nom
• šlaaj: šlaajj+N+Sg+Gen
• šlaai: šlaajj+N+Sg+Gen+Err/Orth
• šlaaj: šlaajj+N+Sg+Acc
• šlaai: šlaajj+N+Sg+Acc+Err/Orth
• šlaʹjje: šlaajj+N+Sg+Ill
• šlaajâst: šlaajj+N+Sg+Loc
• šlajstan: šlaajj+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• šlaistan: šlaajj+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1+Err/Orth
• šlaajin: šlaajj+N+Sg+Com
• šlaajjân: šlaajj+N+Ess
• šlaajjâd: šlaajj+N+Par
• šlaajtaa: šlaajj+N+Sg+Abe
• šlaaitaa: šlaajj+N+Sg+Abe+Err/Orth
• šlaaj: šlaajj+N+Pl+Nom
• šlaai: šlaajj+N+Pl+Nom+Err/Orth
• šlaaji: šlaajj+N+Pl+Gen
• šlaajid: šlaajj+N+Pl+Acc
• šlaajid: šlaajj+N+Pl+Ill
• šlaajin: šlaajj+N+Pl+Loc
• šlaajivuiʹm: šlaajj+N+Pl+Com
• šlaajitaa: šlaajj+N+Pl+Abe
• šlaajâž: šlaajj+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• šlaaʹje: šlaajj+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_1Y_VWCC muõrr:muõ%{ʹØ%}rr
• LEXICON N_MUORR muõrr:muõ%{ʹØ%}rr N_1Y_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|single_consonant”

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

Sg.Ill:

1.1.1.1[1].2.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].2.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-muorr
• : SG-NOM ; muõrr
• :%^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; muõr
• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e SG-ILL ; muõʹrˈre
• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: muõʹrˈri
• :%^CC2C%>â SG-LOC ; muõrâst
• :%^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; muõrin
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; muõrrân
• :%^CC2C PL-NOM ; muõr

• :%^CC2C PL-OBL ; muõri

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; muõr-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; muõʹr-

ǩiõtt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 hand,arm/käsi

• ǩiõ0tt%^Allegro%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK%>stan
• ǩiõˈđ0000%>stan
• ǩiõtt%^Allegro%^CC2CAllegro%>stan
• ǩiõđ000%>stan ǩiõtt+N+Sg+Ill+PxSg1: hand/käsi
• ǩiõ0t0t%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK%>san
• ǩiõʹtˈt000%>san

• :%^CC2CCC HatY-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-ELSE ; muõrˈr-

• LEXICON N_MUORR-PL muõrr:muõrr
• :%>â ESS/PAR ; muõrrân
• :%^CC2C PL-NOM ; muõr

• :%^CC2C PL-OBL ; muõri

• muõrr # examples:*
• muõrr: muõrr+N+Sg+Nom
• muõr: muõrr+N+Sg+Gen
• muõr: muõrr+N+Sg+Acc
• muõʹrˈre: muõrr+N+Sg+Ill
• muõrâst: muõrr+N+Sg+Loc
• muõˈrstan: muõrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• muõrin: muõrr+N+Sg+Com
• muõrrân: muõrr+N+Ess
• muõrrâd: muõrr+N+Par
• muõrtaa: muõrr+N+Sg+Abe
• muõr: muõrr+N+Pl+Nom
• muõri: muõrr+N+Pl+Gen
• muõrid: muõrr+N+Pl+Acc
• muõrid: muõrr+N+Pl+Ill
• muõrin: muõrr+N+Pl+Loc
• muõrivuiʹm: muõrr+N+Pl+Com
• muõritaa: muõrr+N+Pl+Abe
• muõrâž: muõrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• muõʹre: muõrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_KHIOJJ ǩiõjj:ǩiõ%{ʹØ%}jj N_1Y_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_high:pal_no:cns_gem_jj_type 1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”diphthong|geminate” Sg_Gen=”diphthong|single_consonant”

similar_to: N_TUYJJ

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kjiojj

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^J2I%^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩiõi

• kuõjj # examples:*
• kuõjj: kuõjj+N+Sg+Nom
• kuõj: kuõjj+N+Sg+Gen
• kuõi: kuõjj+N+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Sg+Gen
• kuõj: kuõjj+N+Sg+Acc
• kuõi: kuõjj+N+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Sg+Acc
• kuõʹjˈje: kuõjj+N+Sg+Ill
• kuõjâst: kuõjj+N+Sg+Loc
• kuõˈjstan: kuõjj+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• kuõˈistan: kuõjj+N+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• kuõjin: kuõjj+N+Sg+Com
• kuõjjân: kuõjj+N+Ess
• kuõjjâd: kuõjj+N+Par
• kuõjtaa: kuõjj+N+Sg+Abe
• kuõj: kuõjj+N+Pl+Nom
• kuõi: kuõjj+N+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Pl+Nom
• kuõji: kuõjj+N+Pl+Gen
• kuõjid: kuõjj+N+Pl+Acc
• kuõjid: kuõjj+N+Pl+Ill
• kuõjin: kuõjj+N+Pl+Loc
• kuõjivuiʹm: kuõjj+N+Pl+Com
• kuõjitaa: kuõjj+N+Pl+Abe
• kuõjâž: kuõjj+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• kuõʹje: kuõjj+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_MIOHTT miõhtt:miõ%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt N_1Y_VWHYY

  FORMS

  similar_to: N_VUYHSS

• Yaml: N-miwhtt

• :%^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; miõutin
• :%^YXX2VX SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; miõut
• :%^PAL%>e SG-ILL ; miõʹhtte
• :%^PAL N2A_LUOQSSI ; miõʹhtti
• : SG-NOM ; miõhtt
• :%^YXX2VX%>â SG-LOC ; miõutâst
• :â ESS/PAR ; miõhttân

• :%^YXX2VX PL-OBL ; miõuti

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; miõhtt-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; riiʹǩǩ-

• miõhtt # examples:*
• miõhtt: miõhtt+N+Sg+Nom
• miõut: miõhtt+N+Sg+Gen
• miõut: miõhtt+N+Sg+Acc
• miõʹhtte: miõhtt+N+Sg+Ill
• miõutâst: miõhtt+N+Sg+Loc
• miõuˈtstan: miõhtt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• miõutin: miõhtt+N+Sg+Com
• miõhttân: miõhtt+N+Ess
• miõhttâd: miõhtt+N+Par
• miõuttaa: miõhtt+N+Sg+Abe
• miõut: miõhtt+N+Pl+Nom
• miõuti: miõhtt+N+Pl+Gen
• miõutid: miõhtt+N+Pl+Acc
• miõutid: miõhtt+N+Pl+Ill
• miõutin: miõhtt+N+Pl+Loc
• miõutivuiʹm: miõhtt+N+Pl+Com
• miõutitaa: miõhtt+N+Pl+Abe
• miõutâž: miõhtt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• miõuʹte: miõhtt+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_RIIKK riikk:rii%{ʹØ%}kk N_1Y_VVKK

  FORMS

  1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Ill=”short_vowel|geminate”

• Yaml: N-riikk is for nouns with -âst Loc. N_Y-EPal2-21 N_GENX1-ILLEPalX3-LOCÂ-NOM1X2
• : SG-COM_IN ; riikkin
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; riikk
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; riʹǩǩe
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; riʹǩǩi CHECKME
• : SG-NOM ; riikk
• :%>â SG-LOC ; riikkâst
• :â ESS/PAR ; riikkân

• : PL-OBL ; riikki

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; riikk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; riiʹǩǩ-

• :%^VV2V%^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; rik-

• LEXICON N_AQSTTRIK aʹsttrik:aʹsttri%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}k N_2Y_VK_VVKK

  FORMS

  1.1.1.1.1.1. Sg_Nom=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|geminate” Sg_Ill=”short_vowel|geminate”

• Yaml: N-aqsttrik is for nouns with -âst Loc. N_Y-EPal2-21 N_GENX1-ILLEPalX3-LOCÂ-NOM1X2
• :%^V2VV%^C2CC SG-COM_IN ; aʹsttriikkin
• :%^V2VV%^C2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; aʹsttriikk
• :%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; aʹsttriʹǩǩe
• :%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; aʹsttriʹǩǩi CHECKME
• : SG-NOM ; aʹsttrik
• :%^V2VV%^C2CC%>â SG-LOC ; riikkâst
• :%^V2VV%^C2CC%>â ESS/PAR ; riikkân

• :%^V2VV%^C2CC PL-OBL ; riikki

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^C2CC N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; riikk-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; riiʹǩǩ-

• LEXICON N_1Y_VVC plaan:plaa%{ʹØ%}n
• LEXICON N_PLAAN plaan:plaa%{ʹØ%}n N_1Y_VVC Sg_Ill=”palatalization|e-final” similar-to: SYSTEEQM

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  2.1.3.3 Lacks Gradation (in last syllable)

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom long vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

  plaan:plaan

• Yaml: N-plaan
• :%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: plaaʹni
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• LEXICON N_STRAAZHZH straažž:straa%{ʹØ%}žž N_1Y_VVCC
• Yaml: N-plaan
• :%^PAL%^CC2C%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: plaaʹni
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CC2C N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; straaž-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^CC2C%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; straaʹž-

• LEXICON N_LOMAAKK lomaakk:lomaa%{ʹØ%}kk N_1Y_VVKK Sg_Ill=”palatalization|e-final”

lomaakk:lomaakk

• Yaml: N-lomaakk
• :%^PAL%^PALK N2A_LUOQSSI ; N»A: lomaaʹǩǩi CHECKME
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; lomaakk-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL%^PALK N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; lomaaʹǩǩ-

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

a-stems

• LEXICON N_1A_VCC pess:pẹ%^1VOWss
• LEXICON N_PESS pess:pẹss similar_to: N_PAPP N_1A_VCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem 1.1.1.2.1. stem_with_gradation: yes 1.1.1.2.1.1. Sg_Nom=”short_vowel|geminate” Sg_Gen=”long_vowel|geminate”

Is for nouns with -ast Loc

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-pess, N-pall strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel
• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pissu Sg_Ill

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) pess Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: pess Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1
• pẹ%^1VOWss
• pe0ss strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel, stem_vowel: a
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: pessan

strong_geminate, long_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• :%^V2VV A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peess Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

strong_geminate, long_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: piissuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹssaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; pes» Sg_Loc_Px..

FORMS

strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, low_stem_vowel

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; pess
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: pessan

• :%^V2VV PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peess

• LEXICON N_SHOOMM šoomm:šoomm N_1A_VVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: soomm grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: šoomm Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^CC2C A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: šoom Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: šummu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^VV2V A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) šomm Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: šoomman

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^CC2C%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: šuumuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CC2C%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: šoomaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^VV2V%^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) šom» Sg_Loc_Px..

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: šoomman

• :%^CC2C A-STEM_PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: šoom

• LEXICON N_LYYJJ lââjj:lââjj N_1A_VVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_jj Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com similar_to N_SHLAAJJ

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-laajj grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: lââjj Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^CC2C A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: lââj Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: lõjju Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^VV2V A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) lâjj Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: lââjjan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^CC2C%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: lõõjuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CC2C%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: lââjaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^VV2V%^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) lâj» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_RAEAEKK rääkk:rääkk N_1A_VVKK Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_ss_type Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-raakk grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: rääkk Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^KK2GG A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: rääǥǥ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: rakku Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^VV2V A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) räkk Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: rääkkan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^KK2GG%^VOWRaise%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: raaǥǥuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^KK2GG%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: rääǥǥaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^VV2V%^KK2GAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) räǥ» Sg_Loc_Px..

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^KK2GG PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: rääǥǥ

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: rääkkan

• LEXICON N_AELDD äldd:äldd N_1A_VYXX Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_xyy N_LÄINN has been integrated here

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-aeldd grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) äldd Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) ääld Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) alddu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) äldd Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) älddan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: aalduž (2009: 312-313)
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: ääldaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) äld Sg_Loc_Px..

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) älddan

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-STEM_PL-NOM ; (2) ääld

• äldd # examples:*
• äldd: äldd+N+Sg+Nom
• ääld: äldd+N+Sg+Gen
• ääld: äldd+N+Sg+Acc
• alddu: äldd+N+Sg+Ill
• ääldast: äldd+N+Sg+Loc
• äldstan: äldd+N+Allegro+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ääldstan: äldd+N+Largo+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ääldain: äldd+N+Sg+Com
• älddan: äldd+N+Ess
• älddad: äldd+N+Par
• ääldtaa: äldd+N+Sg+Abe
• ääld: äldd+N+Pl+Nom
• ääldai: äldd+N+Pl+Gen
• ääldaid: äldd+N+Pl+Acc
• ääldaid: äldd+N+Pl+Ill
• ääldain: äldd+N+Pl+Loc
• ääldaivuiʹm: äldd+N+Pl+Com
• ääldaitaa: äldd+N+Pl+Abe

• aalduž: äldd+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• LEXICON A-STEM_SG-NOM (1)

• LEXICON A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM (2)

• LEXICON A-STEM_PL-NOM (2)

• LEXICON N_PEIGG peigg:pẹigg N_1A_VUCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_vxx Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: laainuž (2009: 310)

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-laeinn

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) peigg Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) peeiǥ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :%^VOWRaise%^VXX2YXX%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pijggu !!WHAT IS THIS? Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) peigg Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: peigg

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: piiǥuž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹiǥaž

• :%^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) peiǥ» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_KOAHTT kåhtt:kåhtt N_1A_VHCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_hyy similar_to: N_TAQHTT Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMSx

  (1) Sg.Nom: kåhtt

  (2) Pl.Nom: kååut

  (3) Sg.Ill: kohttu

  (4) Sg.Loc: kååutast

  (5) Sg.Com: kååutain

  (6) Ess: kåhttan

  (7) Par: kåhttad

  (8) Pl.Acc: kååutaid

  (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kooutuž (2009: 310)

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-taehtt grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: kåhtt Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2VX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: kååut Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: kohttu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) kåhtt Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: kåhttan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2VX%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kooutuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2VX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kååutaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2VX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) kåut» Sg_Loc_Px..

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON N_TEYLKK teâlkk:teâlkk N_1A_VWXYY Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_xyy

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(1) Sg.Nom: meârkk

(2) Pl.Nom: meârk

(3) Sg.Ill: mieʹrǩǩe

(4) Sg.Loc: meârkâst

(5) Sg.Com: meârkin

(6) Ess: meârkkân

(7) Par: meârkkâd

(8) Pl.Acc: meârkid

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: meârkâž

meârkk:meârkk

• Yaml: N-meârkk

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: meârkk Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: meârk Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: miõrkku Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) meârkk Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: miõrkuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: meârkaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) meârk» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_VUYHSS vuâhss:vuâhss N_1A_VWHCC

FORMS

• Yaml: N-vuahss

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: vuâhss Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2VX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: vuâus Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: vuõhssu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) vuâhss Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^YXX2VX N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vuõusuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2VX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vuâusaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2VX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) vuâus» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_VUYRR vuârr:vuârr N_1A_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com uâ:uõ, eä:iâ

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-vuarr grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) vuârr Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CC2C%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vuâraž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2VX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) vuâr» Sg_Loc_Px..

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• LEXICON N_TUYJJ tuâjj:tuâjj N_1A_VWCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_jj_type Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com similar_to: N_KHIOJJ

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-tuajj
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PALẸ SG-NOM ; tuẹjj
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PALẸ%^CC2C SG-GEN ; (2) tuẹj

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^J2I%^CC2C SG-GEN ; (2) tuâi

• LEXICON N_TUEJJ tuejj:tuâjj N_1A_VWCC this is based on the stem tuâjj, which means all twol work is in place. there has been an â>e N_A-URaise3-32
• Yaml: N-tuejj
• :%^PALẸ A-STEM_SG-NOM ; tuẹjj
• :%^PALẸ%^CC2C A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) tuẹj
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PALẸ%^CC2C%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: tuejaž

• :%^PALẸ%^CC2C SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) tuej»

• LEXICON N_1A_VWKK juâkk:juâkk N_1A_VWKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-chuacc grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: čuäcc Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^KK2GG A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: čuäʒʒ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: čuåcˈcu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) čuäcc Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: čuäccan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: čuåʒʒuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^KK2GG%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: čuäʒʒaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^KK2GAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) čuäʒ» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_CHUAECC čuäcc:čuäcc N_1A_VWKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  N_A-URaise3-32

• Yaml: N-chuacc grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: čuäcc Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^KK2GG A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: čuäʒʒ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC%>u SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: čuåcˈcu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) čuäcc Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: čuäccan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG%> N_PIISSUZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: čuåʒʒuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^KK2GG%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: čuäʒʒaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^KK2GAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) čuäʒ» Sg_Loc_Px..

• Yaml: N-chuacc grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^KK2GG A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: čuäʒʒ Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) čuäcc Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: čuäccan

• LEXICON N_NEAVVV neävv:neävˈv N_1A_VWCCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_long Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0 Lack Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-neavvv

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; neävˈv Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :%^CCC2CC A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; neävv Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; niâvˈvu Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) neävˈv Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; neävˈvan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC%> N_PIISSUZH ; niâvvuž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CCC2CC%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: neävvaž

• :%^CCC2CC SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) neävv» CHECKME Sg_Loc_Px..

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; neävˈv
• :%^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; neävv
• :%^CCC2CC%>a PL-OBL ; neävvai

N_1A_VWCCC cf. _NEAVVV

• Yaml: N-peyttt

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; Peâtˈt Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :%^CCC2CC A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; Peâtt Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; piõtˈtu Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) Peâtˈt Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; Peâtˈtan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC%> N_PIISSUZH ; niâvvuž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^CCC2CC%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: neävvaž

• :%^CCC2CC SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) neävv» CHECKME Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_1A_VWYXX peäldd:peäldd
• LEXICON N_PEAELDD peäldd:peäldd N_1A_VWYXX Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_xyy Is for nouns with -ast Loc

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.0 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.0.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0 Lack Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.0.2.0[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate alternation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: piâlduž (2009: 310)

  N_A-URaise3-32 similar_to: N_JEAQRMM

• Yaml: N-pealdd

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; peäldd Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• :%^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; peäld Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; piâlddu Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) peäldd Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; peälddan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX%> N_PIISSUZH ; piâlduž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: peäldaž

• :%^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (10) peäld» Sg_Loc_Px..

• +Cmp/SgNom: R ; peäldd

• :%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; peäld

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; peälddan

• LEXICON N_TUOAIMM tuåimm:tuåimm N_1A_VWUCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_vyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-tuaimm grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: not-raised
• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; (3) tuoimmu
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>u SG-ILL ; tuåimmu Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) tuåimm Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) tuåimm Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; (6) tuåimman

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2YX A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) tuåim Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX N_PIISSUZH ; (9) tuoimuž (2009: 312-313)
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: tuåimaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^YXX2YX SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (5) tuåim Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_KAPTEAEN kapteän:kapteän N_1A_VWC similar_to: N_PLAAN, N_SYSTEEQM gradation: no vowel_shift: no Is for nouns with -ast Loc a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).
• Yaml: N-pealdd

• : A-STEM_SG-NOM ; kapteän Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

• : A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; kapteän Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

• :%>a SG-ILL ; kapteän Sg_Ill

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) kapteän Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; kapteänan

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: kapteänaž

• : SG-LOC-PX ; (10) kapteän» Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_VIRVEL virvel:virvẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}l

FORMS

N_ like N_ATOM

• Yaml: virvel
• : SG-NOM ; virvel
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PAL%^PALK SG-NOM ; virveʹl
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; virveeʹl
• :%^V2VV%>a SG-ILL ; virvẹẹla
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; virveeʹlest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK%> SG-COM_IN ; virveeʹlin
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; virveeʹlen
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK%> PL-OBL ; virveʹli

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV N_KUYLAZH ; virvẹẹlaž

• LEXICON NMN_FEDD Fedd:Fe%^1VOWdd

  FORMS

• Yaml: fedd
• : SG-NOM ; Fedd
• :%^V2VV SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; Feedd
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>u SG-ILL ; Feddu
• :%>a SG-ILL ; Fedda
• :%^V2VV%>a SG-LOC ; Feeddast
• :%^V2VV%>a SG-COM_IN ; Feeddain
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; Feddan
• :%^V2VV%>a PL-OBL ; Feeddai
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV N_PIISSUZH ; Feedduž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: Fẹẹddaž

• LEXICON N_MEER meer:meer N_ Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_sing Is for nouns with -ast Loc, No gradation N_A-U1-11

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)

  Weak grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Weak grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: meer, steehl
• : SG-NOM ; meer
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; meer
• :%>u SG-ILL ; meeru
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>a SG-ILL ; meera
• :%>a SG-LOC ; meerast
• :%>a SG-COM_IN ; meerain
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; meeran
• :%>a PL-OBL ; meerai
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PIISSUZH ; meeruž

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: mẹẹraž

• LEXICON N_VAEAEZHZH vääžž:vääžž N_ Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem_dd_type Is for nouns with -ast Loc, No gradation N_A-U1-11

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)

  Weak grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Weak grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: A-vaeaezhzh
• : SG-NOM ; vääžž
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; vääžž
• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ILL ; vaažžu
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>a SG-ILL ; vääžža
• :%>a SG-LOC ; vääžžast
• :%>a SG-COM_IN ; vääžžain
• :%>a ESS/PAR ; vääžžan
• :%>a PL-OBL ; vääžžai
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^VOWRaise N_PIISSUZH ; vaažžuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: vääžžaž

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_KUYLAZH ; vääžžaž

• LEXICON N_PLEYN pleân:pleân N_1A_VWC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_long:vow_low:pal_no:cns_sing Is for nouns with -ast Loc, No gradation N_A-U1-11

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.2.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.2.1.2[] (Monophthong + Consonant)

  Weak grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Weak grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-plean grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)
• : SG-NOM ; pleân Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; pleân Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

• :%>u SG-ILL ; pleânu
• :%>a SG-ILL ; pleâna
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-ILL ; pleâʹne Sg_Ill

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) äldd Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

• :%>a ESS/PAR ; pleânan

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PIISSUZH ; pleânuž
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: pleânaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : SG-LOC-PX ; (10) äld Sg_Loc_Px..

normative = PẸSS Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem

• Yaml: N-aekk grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_APTEEKK apteekk:apteekk normative = PẸSS Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem
• Yaml: N-aekk grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low) Sg_Nom, Sg_Nom…, Sg_Abe_Px1, Sg_Acc_Px1, Sg_Gen_Px1, Pl_Nom_Px1

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

Sg_Abe, Sg_Acc, Sg_Gen, Pl_Nom, +Use/NG_Sg_Loc_Px…, stem_vowel: a : Sg_Loc, Sg_Com, Pl_Gen, Pl_Acc, Pl_Ill, Pl_Loc, Pl_Com, Pl_Abe

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: raised

grade: strengthened (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• : A-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN ; (5) apteekk Ess_Px…, Sg_Ill…, N»A

grade: neutral (short_vowel, long_cluster), vowel: neutral (low), stem_vowel: a

grade: weakened (long_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: raised, stem_vowel: u/a

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: apteekkaž

grade: allegro (short_vowel, short_cluster), vowel: neutral (low)

• :%^VV2V%^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; (5) aptek Sg_Loc_Px..

• LEXICON N_LAEAEMPA läämpa:lämpp two-syllable Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_low:pal_no:cns_gem
• Yaml: N-laeaempa

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: läämpaž

• Yaml: N-uulla FIXME 2016-07-14

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL TYPE, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON NMN_NELLJ nellj:nẹllj
• :%^V2VV SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; Sg+Gen: nẹẹllj
• :a SG-ILL ; Sg+Ill: nẹllja

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

• LEXICON N_NUQBB nuʹbb:nubb N_1E_UQCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-nubb
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) nubb
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) nuʹbb-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHUQKHKH čuʹǩǩ:ču%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk N_1E_UQKK Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-chukk
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čukk-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čuʹkk-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) cuʹǩǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_TUQMM tuʹmm:tu%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}mm N_1E_UQCC similar to N_TOLL Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) tumm-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) tuʹm-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) tuʹmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_LUQCHCH luʹčč:lu%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}čč N_1E_UQSS_UUQZZ similar to N_TOLL Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem_dd_type
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) lučč-
• :%^PAL%^KK2GAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) luʹj-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) luʹčč Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_NJUUQNN njuuʹnn:njuunn N_1E_UUQCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_long:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-njuunn
• There are several stem types
• njuuʹnn:njuuʹnn
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) njuunn-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) njuʹn-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) njuʹnn Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_STUUQL stuuʹl:st%^1VOWu%{VU%}l N_1E_UUQC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_vyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: ELSE Lowered: Sg.Ill e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Lacks Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: stuuʹl

  (2) Pl.Nom: stuuʹl

  (3) Sg.Ill: stooula

  (4) Sg.Loc: stuuʹlest

  (5) Sg.Com: stuuʹlin

  (6) Ess: stuuʹlen

  (7) Par: stuuʹled

  (8) Pl.Acc: stuuʹlid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: stooulaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-skuul
• There are several stem types
• stuuʹl:stuuʹl
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: stuuʹl
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: stuuʹl
• :%^PAL%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: stuuʹl
• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: stooula
• :%^PAL%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; ()2015-04-24 Is this correct
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; ()2015-04-24 Is this correct
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; () ess and prt without
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) stuul-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) stuʹl-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_UQYXX kuʹrčč:ku%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}rčč
• LEXICON N_KUQRCHCH kuʹrčč:kurčč N_1E_UQYXX Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_xyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹrčč

  (2) Pl.Nom: kuuʹrč

  (3) Sg.Ill: korčča

  (4) Sg.Loc: kuuʹrčest

  (5) Sg.Com: kuuʹrčin

  (6) Ess: kuʹrččen

  (7) Par: kuʹrččed

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuuʹrčid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: koorčaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-kurchch
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kurčč-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuʹrč-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuʹrčč Ess+Px..

• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: uʹrmmen

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: uuʹrm

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) uSg.Com: uuʹrmin

• LEXICON N_PUIQCC puiʹcc:pu%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}cc N_1E_UIQCC

  (1) Sg.Nom: kuʹrčč

  (2) Pl.Nom: kuuʹrč

  (3) Sg.Ill: korčča

  (4) Sg.Loc: kuuʹrčest

  (5) Sg.Com: kuuʹrčin

  (6) Ess: kuʹrččen

  (7) Par: kuʹrččed

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuuʹrčid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: koorčaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-kurchch
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kurčč-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuʹrč-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuʹrčč Ess+Px..

• puiʹcc # examples:*
• puiʹcc: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Nom
• puuiʹc: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Gen
• puuiʹc: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Acc
• poicca: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Ill
• puuiʹcest: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Loc
• puiʹcstan: puiʹcc+N+Allegro+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• puuiʹcstan: puiʹcc+N+Largo+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• puuiʹcain: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Com
• puiʹccen: puiʹcc+N+Ess
• puiʹcced: puiʹcc+N+Par
• puuiʹctaa: puiʹcc+N+Sg+Abe
• puuiʹc: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Nom
• puuiʹci: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Gen
• puuiʹcid: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Acc
• puuiʹcid: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Ill
• puuiʹcin: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Loc
• puuiʹcivuiʹm: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Com
• puuiʹcitaa: puiʹcc+N+Pl+Abe
• pooicaž: puiʹcc+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

N_UQVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_xyy

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

(1) Sg.Nom: kuʹvǯǯ

(2) Pl.Nom: kuʼvǯ

(3) Sg.Ill: kouǯǯa

(4) Sg.Loc: kuʹvǯest

(5) Sg.Com: kuʹvǯin

(6) Ess: kuʹvǯǯen

(7) Par: kuʹvǯǯed

(8) Pl.Acc: kuʹvǯid

(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kouǯaž

NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kuvzz

• LEXICON N_JUQVJJ juʹvjj:ju%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}v%{ʹØ%}jj N_1E_UQVCC Sg_Nom: vow_mono:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_vyy

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: juʹvjj

  (2) Pl.Nom: juuʹj

  (3) Sg.Ill: joujja

  (4) Sg.Loc: juuʹjest

  (5) Sg.Com: juuʹjin

  (6) Ess: juʹvjjen

  (7) Par: juʹvjjed

  (8) Pl.Acc: juuʹjid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: jooujaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-juvjj
• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; jooujaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) juvjj-
• :%^Allegro%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) juʹj-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) juʹvjj Ess+Px..

• Yaml: N-vuess

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) vuâkk-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vueʹǩǩ-

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vueʹǩˈǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VWQSS vueʹss:vuâss
• LEXICON N_VUEQSS vueʹss:vuâss N_1E_VWQSS_VWQZZ Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-vuess

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) vuâss-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vueʹss-

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vueʹsˈs Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_BIEQSS bieʹss:beâss N_1E_VWQSS Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-biess

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) beâss-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) bieʹss-

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) bieʹsˈs- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SKHIEQRR sǩieʹrr:sǩeâ%{ʹØ%}rr N_1E_VWQCC kueʹll

Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

FORMS

• Yaml: N-skhierr

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) beâss-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) sǩieʹrs-

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) sǩieʹrˈs- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SUEQJJ sueʹjj:suâjj N_1E_VWQCC Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_gem

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

  similar_to: N_KHIOJJ, N_TUYJJ

• Yaml: N-suejj

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) suâjj-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) sueʹj-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) sueʹjˈj Ess+Px..

N_1E_UY/EQYKK Sg_Nom: vow_di:vow_short:vow_high_u:pal_yes:cns_xyy similar_to: N_CHUOSHKK

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

FORMS

• Yaml: N-juelggj

• There are several stem types

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) juâlgg-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jueʹlj-
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jueʹlǧǧ Ess+Px..

N_1E_VWQHCC

• :%^PALE%^PAL SG-ACC ; Num+Sg+Acc: kueʹhtt
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2IX SG-ABE ; Num+Sg+Abe: kueiʹtʼtaa
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2IX SG-GEN ; Num+Sg+Gen: kueiʹt

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2IX PL-NOM ; Num+Pl+Nom: kueiʹt

• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^YXX2IX SG-ABE ; Num+Sg+Gen: kuõiʹt
• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^YXX2IX SG-GEN ; Num+Sg+Gen: kuõiʹt
• +Err/Orth+Use/SpellNoSugg:%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^YXX2IX PL-NOM ; Num+Pl+Nom: kuõiʹt

e.g. +Sg+Acc+PxPl3 e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; Num+Sg+Ill: kuâhtta
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>e SG-ILL ; Num+Sg+Ill: kueʹhtte
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâhtt-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2IX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kueʹit-

• :%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kueʹhtt- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VWQCC kueʹll:kuâ%{ʹØ%}ll
• LEXICON N_KUEQLL kueʹll:kuâ%{ʹØ%}ll N_1E_VWQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: kueʹll

  (2) Pl.Nom: kueʼl

  (3) Sg.Ill: kuâlˈla

  (4) Sg.Loc: kueʹlest

  (5) Sg.Com: kuõʹlin ~ kueʹlin

  (6) Ess: kueʹllen

  (7) Par: kueʹlled

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuõʹlid ~ kueʹlid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kuâlaž

• Yaml: N-kuell
• There are several stem types

• kueʹll:kuâll

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâll-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kueʹl-

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kueʹlˈl Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_UY/EQKKK mueʹǩˈǩ:muâkˈk N_1E_VWQCCC
• kueʹsˈs:kuâsˈs
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) kuâsˈsa
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK DenominalAdjsCShort ;
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) kueʹsˈs
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) mueʹǩǩ
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) mueʹǩǩ
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) mueʹǩǩest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) kuõʹssin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; mueʹǩǩin
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) kueʹsˈsen
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) kuõʹssid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; mueʹǩǩid
• :%^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) kuâssaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâsˈs-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹǩǩ-

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mueʹǩˈǩ- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_KUEQSSS kueʹsˈs:kuâsˈs N_1E_VWQCCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

  (5) Sg.Com: kuõʹssin ~ kueʹssin

  (6) Ess: kueʹsˈsen

  (7) Par: kueʹsˈsed

  (8) Pl.Acc: kuõʹssid ~ kueʹssid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: kuâssaž

• Yaml: N-kuell
• There are several stem types
• kueʹsˈs:kuâsˈs
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) kuâsˈsa
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC DenominalAdjsCShort ;
• :%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) kueʹsˈs
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) kueʹss
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; (2) kueʹss
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%>e SG-LOC ; (4) kueʹssest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; (5) kuõʹssin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; kueʹssin
• :%^PALE%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) kueʹsˈsen
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) kuõʹssid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; kueʹssid
• :%^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) kuâssaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuâsˈs-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kueʹss-

• :%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kueʹsˈs- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_IY/EQKKK mieʹǩǩ:meâ%{ʹØ%}kˈk N_1E_VWQCCC
• mieʹǩǩ:meâkˈk
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) meâlˈla
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) mieʹlˈl
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) mieʹll
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) mieʹll
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) mieʹllest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) miõʹllin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; mieʹllin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) mieʹlˈlen
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) miõʹllid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; mieʹllid
• :%^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) meâllaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) meâlˈl-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mieʹll-

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mieʹlˈl Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MIEQLLL mieʹll:meâ%{ʹØ%}lˈl N_1E_VWQCCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

  (5) Sg.Com: miõʹllin ~ mieʹllin

  (6) Ess: mieʹlˈlen

  (7) Par: mieʹlˈled

  (8) Pl.Acc: miõʹllid ~ mieʹllid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: meâllaž

• Yaml: N-kuell
• There are several stem types
• mieʹll:meâlˈl
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) meâlˈla
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) mieʹlˈl
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) mieʹll
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; (2) mieʹll
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%>e SG-LOC ; (4) mieʹllest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; (5) miõʹllin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; mieʹllin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) mieʹlˈlen
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) miõʹllid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; mieʹllid
• :%^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) meâllaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) meâlˈl-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mieʹll-

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mieʹlˈl Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SUEIQNN sueiʹnn:suâinn N_1E_VWUQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: sueiʹnn

  (2) Pl.Nom: sueiʼn

  (3) Sg.Ill: sueinna

  (4) Sg.Loc: sueiʹnest

  (5) Sg.Com: sueiʹnin

  (6) Ess: sueiʹnnen

  (7) Par: sueiʹnned

  (8) Pl.Acc: sueiʹnid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: sueinaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-sueinn
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) muârjj-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹrj-
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹrj-

• :%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) sueiʹnn- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MUEQRJJ mueʹrjj:muâ%{ʹØ%}rjj N_1E_VWQYJJ

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-muerjj
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX DenominalAdjsCShort ;
• :%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: mueʹrjj
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Nom: muârjja
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: mueʹrjest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• +Err/Orth:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: mueʹrjin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• +Err/Orth:%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: mueʹrjin
• :%^PALE%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Pl.Nom: mueʹrjjen
• :%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: muârjaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) muârjj-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mueʹrj-

• :%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) mueʹrjj Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MAAIQLM maaiʹlm:ma%^1VOWilmm N_1E_

• Yaml: N-maailm
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: mueʹrjj
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: mueʹrj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Nom: muârjja
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: mueʹrjest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: muõʹrjin
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Pl.Nom: mueʹrjjen
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: muârjaž
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) muârjj-
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) maiʹlm-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) maiʹlmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MUQZEI muʹzei:muʹze N_
• LEXICON NMN_MUQZEI muʹzei:muʹze muʹzei:muʹze

• Yaml: N-tuodhshteei

• LEXICON N_SYSTEEQM uʹčteeʹl:uʹčtẹẹ%{ʹØ%}l N_E_EEQC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-presidentt
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) uʹčteeʹl
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) uʹčteeʹl
• :%^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) uʹčteeʹl
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) uʹčteela
• :%^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; (4) uʹčteeʹlest
• :%^PAL SG-COM_IN ; (5) uʹčteeʹlin
• :%^PAL E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) uʹčteeʹlin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) uʹčteeʹlen
• : E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) uʹčteelaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) uʹčteel-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) uʹčteʹl-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VVQC rååʹz:råå%{ʹØ%}z N_E_VVQC cf N_E_EEQC
• Yaml: N-presidentt
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) rååʹz
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) rååʹz
• :%^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) rååʹz
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) rååza
• :%^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; (4) rååʹzest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL SG-COM_IN ; (5) rooʹzin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) rooʹzin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) rååʹzen
• : E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) rååzaž

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) rååz-

• LEXICON N_KANEQL kanel:kanẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}l N_E_EC_EEQC like N_ATOM
• Yaml: N-kanel
• : E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) kanel
• +Err/Orth-extra-q:%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) kaneʹl <as it sounds, but not >
• :%^V2VV%^PAL E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) kaneeʹl
• :%^V2VV%^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) uʹčteeʹl
• :%^V2VV E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) kaneela
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; (4) kaneeʹlest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL SG-COM_IN ; (5) kaneeʹlin
• :%^V2VV%^PAL E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) kaneeʹlin
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) kaneeʹlen
• :%^V2VV E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) kaneelaž
• :%^V2VV E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kaneel-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kaneʹl-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kaneʹl Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_IY/EQYXX ǩieʹmnn:ǩeâmnn
• LEXICON N_KHIEQMNN ǩieʹmnn:ǩeâmnn N_1E_IY/EQYXX

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹmnn

  (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹmn

  (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâmnna

  (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹmnest

  (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹmnin

  (6) Ess: ǩeʹmnnen

  (7) Par: ǩeʹmnned

  (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹmnid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâmnaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-aâlghgh
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ǩeâmnn-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kieʹmn-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kieʹmnn Ess+Px..

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION, ILLATIVE IN U NOMINALS

• LEXICON N_LAQB3H3H läʹbǯǯ:läbǯǯ N_1U_VQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ast (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Ill Lowered: ELSE a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.2 Sg.Ill vowel -u

  1.2.2.1 Has Palatalization

  1.2.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.2.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.2.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster alternation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-laebzz
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%> N_PEESSAZH ; (9) Dim.N.Sg.Nom: lääbǯaž WORK NEEDED

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION, ILLATIVE IN A NOMINALS

e-stems

• LEXICON N_1E_VQKK låʹǩǩ:lå%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk, äʹǩǩ:ä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk
• Yaml: N-vaell, N-kall strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel
• : E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) väll-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) väʹl-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) väʹll Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VQCC väʹll:vä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ll
• LEXICON N_VAEQLL väʹll:väll N_1E_VQCC similar_to: N_PAPP vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: yes consonantism: geminate

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-vaell, N-kall strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, low_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, long_vowel, depalatalization, low_stem_vowel
• : E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) väll-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) väʹl-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) väʹll Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_EQCHCH eʹčč:ẹ%^1VOWčč N_1E_EQSS_EEQZZ vowel_shift: no gradation: yes similarity: N_TOLL:N_KUSS:N_AQVV

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-ecch
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: eʹčč
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^KK2GG E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: eeʼjj
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^KK2GG PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: eeʼjj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: ẹčča
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^KK2GG%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: eeʹjjest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: eeʹjjin
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^KK2GG E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: eeʹjjin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: eʹččen
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: eejjaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ẹčč-
• :%^PAL%^KK2GAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) eʹj-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) eʹčč Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_PEQKHKH peʹǩǩ:pẹ%^1VOWkk N_1E_EQKK vowel_shift: no gradation: yes similarity: N_PAPP

FORMS

NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-peqkhkh
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: peʹǩǩ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeʼǩǩ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeʼǩǩ
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pẹkka
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: peeʹǩǩest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: peeʹǩǩin
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: peeʹǩǩin
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: eʹččen
• :%^V2VV E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: peekkaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ẹkk-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) eʹǩ-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) eʹǩǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_AQVV äʹvv:ä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}vv N_1E_SVQCC SV = stable vowel vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: no gradation: yes similarity: N_TOLL:N_KUSS:N_EQCHCH

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-aevv
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ävv-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) äʹv-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) äʹvv Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_STAEQLLJ stäʹllj:stä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}llj N_1E_VQCC_VVQC vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: yes gradation: yes similarity: N_TOLL:N_KUSS:N_EQCHCH:N_AQVV

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-staellj
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ställj-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) stäʹlj-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) stäʹllj Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_EQCC peʹllj:pẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}llj
• LEXICON N_PEQLLJ peʹllj:pẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}llj N_1E_SVQCC vowel: monophthong vowel_shift: no gradation: yes

  FORMS

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) pellj-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) peʹlj-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peʹllj Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_AQKHKH äʹǩǩ:äkk N_1E_VQKK

• LEXICON N_1E_VVQKK lääʹǩǩ:lää%{ʹØ%}kk
• Yaml: N-saeaemm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säämm-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^KK2GAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säʹm-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) säʹmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VVQCC sääʹmm:sää%{ʹØ%}mm
• LEXICON N_SAAQMM sääʹmm:sää%{ʹØ%}mm N_1E_VVQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-saeaemm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säämm-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säʹm-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) säʹmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHAAQCC čääʹcc:čääcc N_1E_VVQSS SS = SS-ZZ

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: caacc
• There are several stem types
• čääʹcc:čääʹcc
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) čääʹcc
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) čääʼʒʒ
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG PL-NOM ; (2) čääʼʒʒ
• :%^VV2V E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) čäcca
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG%>e SG-LOC ; (4) čääʼʒʒest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG SG-COM_IN ; (5) čaaʼʒʒin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) čaaʼʒʒin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) čääʼccen
• :%^KK2GG E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) čääʒʒaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čääcc-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^KK2GAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čäʹʒ-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) čäʹcc Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHAAQCC-PL čääʹʒʒ:čääcc
• +Cmp/SgNom:%^PAL R ; (1) čääʹcc
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG PL-NOM ; (2) čääʼʒʒ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) čaaʼʒʒin

• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) čääʼccen

• LEXICON N_EEQKHKH eeʹǩǩ:ẹẹ%{ʹØ%}kk N_1E_VVQKK

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-eekkj
• There are several stem types
• eeʹǩǩ:eeʹǩǩ
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) eeʹǩǩ
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) eeʹjj
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) eeʹjj
• :%^VV2V E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) ẹkka
• :%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) eeʹjjest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) iiʹjjin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) iiʹjjin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) eeʹjjin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) eeʹjjin
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) eeʹǩǩen
• :%^KK2GG E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) čääʒʒaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ẹẹkk-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) eʹǩ-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) eʹǩǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_TEEQMM teeʹmm:teemm N_1E_EEQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-teemm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) teemm-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) teʹm-

• :%^VV2V%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_PAAQJJ pââʹjj:pââjj N_1E_VVQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204, 329)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (8) Pl.Acc: pââʹjid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pââjjaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-paajj
• There are several stem types
• pââʹjj:pââʹjj
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) pââʹjj
• :%^PAL%^CC2C E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) pââʹj
• :%^VV2V E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) pâjja
• :%^PAL%^CC2C%>e SG-LOC ; (4) pââʹjest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; (5) põõʹjin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) pââʹjjen
• :%^PAL%^CC2C PL-NOM ; (2) pââʹj
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^J2I%^CC2C SG-GEN ; pââi
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) pââjj-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) pâʹj-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) pâʹjj- Ess+Px..

Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-aâlghgh
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: âʹlǧǧ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: âlgga
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ââʹljest
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ââlǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kälbb-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) käʹlb-
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) käʹlbb Ess+Px..
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin

• LEXICON N_KAQLBB käʹlbb:kälbb âʹlǧǧ:âlgg N_1E_VQYXX similar_to: N_ALGG

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-aâlghgh
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: âʹlǧǧ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: âlgga
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ââʹljest
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ââlǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kälbb-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) käʹlb-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) käʹlbb Ess+Px..

• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: âʹlǧǧen

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ââʹlj

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: õõʹljin

• LEXICON N_1E_EQYXX argumeʹntt:argumẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ntt
• LEXICON N_TEQSTT argumeʹntt:argumentt N_1E_SVQYXX vowel: monophthong vowel_height_change: no

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-argumentt
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: argumeʹntt
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: argumeeʹnt
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: argumeeʹnt
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: argumentta
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: argumeeʹntest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: argumeeʹntin
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: argumeeʹntin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: argumeʹntten
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: argumeentaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) argumentt-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) argumeʹnt-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) argumeʹntt- Ess+Px..
• LEXICON N_PAIQKHKH päiʹǩǩ:päikk N_1E_VUQKK

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-paeikk
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: päiʹǩǩ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: pääiʹǩ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: pääiʹǩ
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: päikka
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: pääiʹǩest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: pääiʹǩin
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: paaiʹǩin
• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: päiʹǩǩen
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%> E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: pääiʹǩid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%> E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: paaiʹǩid
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pääiǥaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) päikk-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) päiʹǩ-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) päiʹǩǩ- Ess+Px..

• päiʹǩǩ # examples:*
• päiʹǩǩ: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Nom
• pääiʹǩ: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Gen
• pääiʹǩ: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Acc
• päikka: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Ill
• pääiʹǩest: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc
• päiʹǩstan: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• pääiʹǩstan: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• pääiʹǩin: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Com
• päiʹǩǩen: päiʹǩǩ+N+Ess
• päiʹǩǩed: päiʹǩǩ+N+Par
• pääiʹǩtaa: päiʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Abe
• pääiʹǩ: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Nom
• pääiʹǩi: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Gen
• pääiʹǩid: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Acc
• pääiʹǩid: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Ill
• pääiʹǩin: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Loc
• pääiʹǩivuiʹm: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Com
• pääiʹǩitaa: päiʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Abe
• pääikaž: päiʹǩǩ+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom
• pääika: päiʹǩǩ+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

vowel: monophthong

• läuʹǩǩ # examples:*
• läuʹǩǩ: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Nom
• lääuʹǩ: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Gen
• lääuʹǩ: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Acc
• läukka: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Ill
• lääuʹǩest: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc
• läuʹǩstan: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• lääuʹǩstan: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• laauʹǩin: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Com
• läuʹǩǩen: läuʹǩǩ+N+Ess
• läuʹǩǩed: läuʹǩǩ+N+Par
• lääuʹǩtaa: läuʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Abe
• lääuʹǩ: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Nom
• laauʹǩi: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Gen
• laauʹǩid: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Acc
• laauʹǩid: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Ill
• laauʹǩin: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Loc
• laauʹǩivuiʹm: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Com
• laauʹǩitaa: läuʹǩǩ+N+Pl+Abe
• lääukaž: läuʹǩǩ+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• lääuka: läuʹǩǩ+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_HAAQSKH hääʹsǩ:hää%{ʹØ%}sk N_E_SVVQYK SVV = stable long vowel
• Yaml: N-haeaesk
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• :%^PAL PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: hääʹsǩ
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: hääska
• :%^PAL%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: hääʹsǩest
• :%^PAL SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: hääʹsǩin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: hääʹsǩen
• :%^PAL%> E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: hääʹsǩid
• : E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: hääskaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) hääsk-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) hääʹsǩ-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) hääʹsǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SAIQMM säiʹmm:säimm N_1E_SVQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  vowel_shift: No e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-saeimm
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säimm-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säiʹm-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) säiʹmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_KHEQDD ǩeʹdd:ǩe%^1VOWdd N_1E_JEQCC

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹdd

  (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹdd

  (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâdˈda

  (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹddest

  (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹddin

  (6) Ess: ǩeʹdden

  (7) Par: ǩeʹdded

  (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹddid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâddaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kjedd WORK NEEDED FROM HERE DOWN

• LEXICON N_KHEQMNN ǩeʹmnn:ǩẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}mnn N_1E_JEQYXX

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹmnn

  (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹmn

  (3) Sg.Ill: ǩeâmnna

  (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹmnest

  (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹmnin

  (6) Ess: ǩeʹmnnen

  (7) Par: ǩeʹmnned

  (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹmnid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩeâmnaž

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-aâlghgh

• ǩeʹmnn # examples:*
• ǩeʹmnn: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Nom
• ǩeeʹmn: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Gen
• ǩeeʹmn: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Acc
• ǩeâmnna: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Ill
• ǩeeʹmnest: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Loc
• ǩeʹmnstan: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• ǩeeʹmnstan: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• jaauʹrin: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Com (Eng. ???)
• ǩeʹmnnen: ǩeʹmnn+N+Ess
• ǩeʹmnned: ǩeʹmnn+N+Par
• ǩeeʹmntaa: ǩeʹmnn+N+Sg+Abe
• ǩeeʹmn: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Nom
• jaauʹri: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Gen
• jaauʹrid: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Acc
• jaauʹrid: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Ill
• jaauʹrin: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Loc
• jaauʹrivuiʹm: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Com
• jaauʹritaa: ǩeʹmnn+N+Pl+Abe
• jääuraž: ǩeʹmnn+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• jääura: ǩeʹmnn+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_LAAIQJ lääiʹj:lääiǥ N_E_VUQKK

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113” Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-laeaeij

• LEXICON N_KHEQRJJ ǩeʹrjj:ǩerjj N_1E_EQYXX/VQYXX

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kerjj
• :%^PAL SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: ǩeʹrjj
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹrj
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹrj
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: ǩẹrjja
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: ǩeeʹrjest
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: ǩeeʹrjin
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: ǩiiʹrjin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: ǩeʹrjjen
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩiiʹrjid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹrjid

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: ǩẹẹrjaž

• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: ǩeʹrjjen
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩiiʹrjid
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: ǩeeʹrjid

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: ǩeeʹrj

• LEXICON N_TEQKSTT teʹkstt:tekstt N_SVQ.YXX same as TEQSTT gradation: yes vowel_shift: no

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kerjj
• :%^PAL SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: teʹkstt
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: teeʹkst
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: teeʹkst
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: tekstta
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: teeʹkstest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: teeʹkstin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: teʹkstten
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: teeʹkstid

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: teekstaž

• LEXICON N_TAQHTT täʹhtt:tä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt N_1E_VQHCC similar_to: KÅHTT

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: täʹhtt

  (3) Sg.Ill: tähtta

  (4) Sg.Loc: tääutest

  NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-taehtt
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: täʹhtt
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: tääuʹt
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: tääuʹt
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: tähtta
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: tääuʹtest
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: tääuʹtin
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: tääuʹtin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: täʹhtten

• :%^V2VV%^PALNo%^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; !(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: tääutaž

• +Cmp/SgNom:%^PAL R ; (1) Sg.Nom: täʹhtt
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: tääuʹt
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: tääuʹtin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: täʹhtten

similar_to: KÅHTT

• Yaml: N-taehtt
• +Use/NG+Err/Orth:%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: käʹhcc
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: kääuʹc
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: kääuʹc
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: kääuʹc
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: tähtta
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: kääuʹcest
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: kääuʹcin
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) Sg.Com: kääuʹcin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: täʹhtten

• :%^V2VV%^PALNo%^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; !(9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: tääutaž

• LEXICON N_RUQHSS ruʹhss:ruhss

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113 Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-kerjj
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) ruʹhss
• :%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (3) ruuʹs
• :%^PAL%^YXX2VX PL-NOM ; (3) ruuʹs
• :%^VOWLower E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) rohssa
• :%^PAL%^YXX2VX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) ruuʹsest
• :%^PAL%^YXX2VX SG-COM_IN ; (5) ruuʹsin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) ruʹhssen
• :%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) ruuʹsin
• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2VX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) roousaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) ruhss-
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^YXX2VX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) ruʹs-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) ruʹhss Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_VUQCC jäuʹrr:jä%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}rr
• LEXICON N_JAEUQRR jäuʹrr:jä%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}rr similar_to: N_AUTT

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-jaurr
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jäurr
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jäuʹr

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jäuʹrr Ess+Px..

• jäuʹrr # examples:*
• jäuʹrr: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Nom
• jääuʹr: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Gen
• jääuʹr: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Acc
• jäurra: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Ill
• jääuʹrest: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Loc
• jäuʹrstan: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• jääuʹrstan: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1
• jaauʹrin: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Com
• jäuʹrren: jäuʹrr+N+Ess
• jäuʹrred: jäuʹrr+N+Par
• jääuʹrtaa: jäuʹrr+N+Sg+Abe
• jääuʹr: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Nom
• jaauʹri: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Gen
• jaauʹrid: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Acc
• jaauʹrid: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Ill
• jaauʹrin: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Loc
• jaauʹrivuiʹm: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Com
• jaauʹritaa: jäuʹrr+N+Pl+Abe
• jääuraž: jäuʹrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom

• jääura: jäuʹrr+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON N_NEIQBB jäuʹrr:jäurr similar_to: N_AUTT

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (NO vowel shift)

  Raised or lowered: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE between _PEIQVV and _JAEUQRR e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  Is for nouns with -est Loc, Extra long vowel

• Yaml: N-jaurr
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) nẹibb
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) neiʹb

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) neiʹbb Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_1E_EUQCC peiʹvv:pẹ%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}vv
• LEXICON N_PEIQVV peiʹvv:pẹ%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}vv

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-peivv
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) Sg.Nom: peiʹvv
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• : E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) Sg.Ill: pẹivva
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg.Loc: peeiʹvest
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX SG-COM_IN ; (5) Sg.Com: peeiʹvin
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: peiʹvven
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: peeiʹvid
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: pẹẹivaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) pẹivv-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) peiʹv-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peiʹvv Ess+Px..

• +Cmp/SgNom:%^PAL R ; (1) Sg.Nom: peiʹvv
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-NOM ; (2) Pl.Nom: peeiʼv
• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: peiʹvven

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX PL-OBL ; (8) Pl.Acc: peeiʹvid

• LEXICON N_PIEAQSS pieʹss:peäss

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: ELSE Lowered: Sg.Ill e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (8) Pl.Acc: pieʹzzid

• Yaml: N-piess, N-kjiechch

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) peäss-
• :%^PAL%^KK2GAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) piẹʹz-

• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) peäʹsˈs Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_SUEAQKHKH sueʹǩǩ:suä%{ʹØ%}kk

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-suekkj

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) suäkk-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^Allegro%^PAL%^KK2GAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) suẹˈʹj-

• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) suäʹǩˈǩ Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_KUEAQTT kuẹʹtt:kuätt similar_to: N_SUEAQKHKH

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-kuett
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) kuätt-
• :%^PAL%^CC2C E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) kuẹʹđ-

• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) kuäʹtˈt- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_NUEAQJJ nuẹʹjj:nuäjj

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-nuejj similar_to: N_KHIOJJ, N_TUYJJ, N_SUEQJJ

• LEXICON N_VIEQMM vieʹmm:veâmm similar_to: N_SUEAQKHKH

  FORMS

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-vieqmm
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) veâmm-
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vieʹm-

• :%^PALE%^PAL%CC2CCC E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vieʹmˈm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_VUEAIQVV vuẹiʹvv:vuäivv

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: vuẹiʹvv

  (2) Pl.Nom: vuẹiʼv

  (3) Sg.Ill: vuäivva

  (4) Sg.Loc: vuẹiʹvest

  (5) Sg.Com: vueiʹvin

  (6) Ess: vuẹiʹvven

  (7) Par: vuẹiʹvved

  (8) Pl.Acc: vueiʹvid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: vuäivaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-vueivv
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) vuäivv-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) vuẹiʹv-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) vuäiʹvv- Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHUAQRVV čuäʹrvv:čuärvv

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 204)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: Sg.Com, Pl.Obl Lowered: ELSE ẹ, ä e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Geminate Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: čuäʹrvv

  (2) Pl.Nom: čuẹʼrv

  (3) Sg.Ill: čuärvva

  (4) Sg.Loc: čuẹʹrvest

  (5) Sg.Com: čueʹrvin

  (6) Ess: čuäʹrvven

  (7) Par: čuäʹrvved

  (8) Pl.Acc: čueʹrvid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: čuärvaž

  NumContLex=”1.113”

• Yaml: N-chuaervv
• There are several stem types čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Nom čuäʹrvv čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Gen čuẹʼrv čuẹʼrv čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Ill čuärvva čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Loc čuẹʼrvest čuäʹrvv+N+Ess čuäʼrvven čuäʹrvv+N+Sg+Com čueʼrvin čuäʹrvv+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom čuärvaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čuärvv-
• :%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čuẹʹrv- čuäʹrvv+N+Ess+PxSg1 (12) čuäʹrvvinan

čuäʹrvv čuẹʼrv čuäʹrvv+N+Ess čuäʼrvven

• LEXICON N_NEUQLL neuʹll:ne%^1VOWull

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: neuʹll

  (2) Pl.Nom: neeuʹl

  (3) Sg.Ill: neâulla

  (4) Sg.Loc: neeuʹlest

  (5) Sg.Com: neeuʹlin

  (6) Ess: neuʹllen

  (7) Par: neuʹlled

  (8) Pl.Acc: neeuʹlid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom: neâulaž

• Yaml: N-neull
• There are several stem types

• neuʹll:neâull

• LEXICON N_1E_EAQKKK jeäʹǧǧ:jeä%{ʹØ%}gˈg
• Yaml: N-jeaggj
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) jeägˈga
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) jeäʹǧˈǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK PL-NOM ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; (4) jiẹʹǧǧest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; (5) jieʹǧǧin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) jieʹǧǧin

• :%^PAL%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) jeäʹǧˈǧen, (7) jeäʹǧˈǧed

• :%^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) jeäggaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeägˈg-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^Allegro%^PAL%^CCC2CAllegro%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹˈʹǧ-
• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹǧˈǧ

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (2)

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) jieʹǧǧin

• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) jeäʹǧˈǧen, (7) jeäʹǧˈǧed

• LEXICON N_JEAQNNN jeäʹnn:jeä%{ʹØ%}nˈn, vuäʹbb:vuä%{ʹØ%}bˈb

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (vowel shift)

  Raised: ELSE Lowered: Sg.Ill e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-jeaggj
• There are several stem types
• E-STEM_SG-ILL ; (3) jeägˈga
• :%^PAL E-STEM_SG-NOM ; (1) jeäʹǧˈǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC PL-NOM ; (2) jiẹʹǧǧ
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC%>e SG-LOC ; (4) jiẹʹǧǧest
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC SG-COM_IN ; (5) jieʹǧǧin
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM_PL-OBL ; (5) jieʹǧǧin

• :%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) jeäʹǧˈǧen, (7) jeäʹǧˈǧed

• :%^CCC2CC E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) jeäggaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeägˈg-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^Allegro%^PAL%^CCC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹˈʹǧ-
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹǧˈǧ

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (2)

• jeäʹnn # examples:* jeäʹnˈn: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Nom jiẹʹnn: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Gen jiẹʹnn: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Acc jeänˈna: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Ill jiẹʹnnest: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Loc jiẹˈʹnstan: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 jiẹʹnnstan: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 jieʹnnin: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Com jeäʹnˈnen: jeäʹnn+N+Ess jeäʹnˈned: jeäʹnn+N+Par jiẹʹnntaa: jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Abe jiẹʹnn: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Nom jieʹnni: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Gen jieʹnnid: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Acc jieʹnnid: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Ill jieʹnnin: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Loc jieʹnnivuiʹm: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Com jieʹnnitaa: jeäʹnn+N+Pl+Abe jeännaž: jeäʹnn+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Nom jeänna: jeäʹnn+N+Der+Der/Dimin+N+Sg+Gen

• LEXICON E-STEM_SG-NOM (1)

• LEXICON E-STEM_SG-ABE/ACC/GEN (2) e.g. +Sg+Acc+PxPl3 e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 låʹdd » lååʹddi; it should be lå’dd » loo’ddi

• LEXICON E-STEM_SG-ILL (3)

• LEXICON E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH (9)

• There are several stem types
• jeäʹrǧǧ:jeäʹrǧǧ
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeärgg-
• :%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹʹrj-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹrmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_JEAQRMM jeäʹrǧǧ:jeärgg

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-jeaerggj, N-keadgg
• There are several stem types
• jeäʹrǧǧ:jeäʹrǧǧ
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) jeärgg-
• :%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) jiẹʹrj-

• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) jeäʹrmm Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_REAEIQGHGH reäiʹǧǧ:reäigg

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180, 197-199)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all lowered)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization

  Palatalized: ELSE Not Palatalized: Sg.Ill

  1.3.2.1.2 Has Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Diphthong + Consonant and Geminate variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com, Dim

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-jeaerggj, N-keadgg
• There are several stem types
• jeäʹrǧǧ:jeäʹrǧǧ
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) reäigg-
• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) reäiʹj-

• :%^PAL%^PALK E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) reäiʹǧǧ Ess+Px..

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) reâmjj- CHECKME 2016-08-19
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) rieʹmj-

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) rieʹmjj Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_CHIOQLJ čiõʹlj:čeâ%{ʹØ%}lǥ

• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) čeâlǥ- CHECKME 2016-08-19
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) čiõʹlj-
• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) nuʹbb Ess+Px..

WHAT IS THIS CLASS

• LEXICON N_KUQMPP kuʹmpp:kumpp N_E-EPal3-31

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-kumpp ???* There are several stem types

• kuʹmpp:kuʹmpp NumContLex=”1.1140000000000001”

• LEXICON N_BAEQNDD bäʹndd:kumpp N_E-EPal3-31

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e

  1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)

  1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)

  Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-kumpp ???* There are several stem types

• bäʹndd:kuʹmpp NumContLex=”1.1140000000000001”

• LEXICON N_KRIQLCC kriʹlcc:krilcc

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-krilcc ???* There are several stem types
• kriʹlcc:kriʹlcc

gradation: yes

FORMS

• Yaml: N-krilcc ???* There are several stem types

• kriʹlcc:kriʹlcc

• LEXICON N_DIQLL diʹll:di%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ll

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-dill

• LEXICON N_CUUQDD cuuʹdd:cuu%{ʹØ%}dd

  FORMS

• Yaml: N-dill

• LEXICON N_KAAQFF kaaʹff:kaaʹff

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)

e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.3.2.1 Has Palatalization (all palatalized)

1.3.2.1.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.3.2.1.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)

Strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kaaff ???* There are several stem types

• kaaʹff:kaaʹff NumContLex=”1.1140000000000001”

• LEXICON N_KLAAQDD klaaʹdd:klaadd X2 no gradation; no lowering no raising Sg_Ill=”palatalization|e-final” cf. plaan
• Yaml: N-klaadd New

These must be checked 2017-04-03

• LEXICON N_ZEEQTT zeeʹtt:zẹẹtt

FORMS

• Yaml: N-zeett

• LEXICON N_POAOAQMH pååʹmh:påå%{ʹØ%}mh

FORMS

• Yaml: N-zeett

• LEXICON N_LUUKK

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

  1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  1.1.3.2 LACKS Gradation

  1.1.3.2.1 Monophthong

  1.1.3.2.1.1 Consonant Geminate

  1.1.3.2.1.1.2 Sg.Nom Strong Grade

  1.1.3.2.1.1.2.2.Sg.Gen Strong Grade

  1.1.3.2.1.1.2.2.2 Sg.Ill Strong Grade

  luukk:luukk is for nouns with -âst Loc and no gradation. N_Y-EPal1-11, N_Y-EPal2-22

• Yaml: saarf, luukk
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• LEXICON N_BIOLOOG bioloog:bioloog

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  2.1.3.3 Lacks Gradation (in last syllable)

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom long vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

  bioloog:bioloog

• Yaml: N-bioloog
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; bioloog-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; biolooʹǧ-

• LEXICON N_JARPLAAN

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

  jarplan:jarplan

• Yaml: N-jarplaan
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N: N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• LEXICON N_ATOM atom:atom

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -âst. â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

  2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill Weak Grade

  atom:atom

• Yaml: N-atom
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• LEXICON N_ESAI Esai:Esa%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}i

• LEXICON NMN_ESAI Esai:Esa%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}i

• Yaml: esai

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• LEXICON N_BLOUSLOV blouslõv:blouslõ%^1VOWv CHECKME
• Yaml: N-blouslov
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

e.g. e.g. +Use/NG+Sg+Loc+PxSg3 e.g. +Sg+Loc+PxSg1

• LEXICON N_EVANHGHEQLIUM evaŋǧeʹlium:evaŋǧeʹlium evaŋǧeʹlium:evaŋǧeʹlium
• Yaml: N-evaŋǧeʹlium
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; paar-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%^V2VV%^PAL N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL ; paaʹr-

• LEXICON N_AIHAM aiham:aiham

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 288)

  2.1 Sg.Loc in -ast. a-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.1.3 Sg.Ill in palatalization and -a

  2.1.3.3 Has Gradation in last syllable

  2.1.3.3.1 Monophthong

  2.1.3.3.1.3 Consonant always short

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4 Sg.Nom Short vowel AND Short consonant

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.Sg.Gen Weak Grade

  2.1.3.3.1.3.4.1.3 Sg.Ill extra Strong Grade

• Yaml: N-aiham

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with high stem vowel and i-stems

• LEXICON N_JUURD juurd:ju%^1VOWrdd
• LEXICON NMN_JUURD juurd:ju%^1VOWrdd is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par N_GEN2I-ILLAX3-LOCEX3-NOM1X1
• Yaml: N-juurd
• There are several stem types
• juurd:juurd
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• +Err/Orth:%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_AAZZ aazz:a%^1VOWss
• LEXICON NMN_AAZZ aazz:a%^1VOWss
• Yaml: N-aazz
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• +Err/Orth:%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KOODH koođ:ko%^1VOWđđ
• LEXICON NMN_KOODH koođ:ko%^1VOWđđ is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-koodh
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• +Err/Orth:%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KAAV kaav:kaapp
• LEXICON NMN_KAAV kaav:kaapp is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-kaav
• There are several stem types
• :%>%{ʼØ%}j%>e ESS/PAR ; kaappjân
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>%{ʼØ%}j%>â ESS/PAR ; kaappjân
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^CC2C%>â ESS/PAR ; kaavân
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_JAAM jaam:ja%^1VOWmm
• LEXICON NMN_JAAM kaav:kaapp is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-jaam
• There are several stem types
• :%>%{ʼØ%}j%>e ESS/PAR ; jammjân
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>%{ʼØ%}j%>â ESS/PAR ; jammjân
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^V2VV%^CC2C%>â ESS/PAR ; jaamân
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_POOUS poous:po%^1VOWhss
• LEXICON NMN_POOUS poous:po%^1VOWhss is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par N_GEN2I-ILLAX3-LOCEX3-NOM1X1
• Yaml: N-poous
• There are several stem types
• poous:poous
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_MAADD maadd:madd
• LEXICON NMN_MAADD maadd:madd is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-maadd
• There are several stem types

• maadd:maadd strong_geminate, long_vowel, no-palatalization, high_stem_vowel strong_geminate, short_vowel, no-palatalization, high_stem_vowel

• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_LIOV liõv:liõpp
• Yaml: N-liov
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_MUOTT muõtt:muõtˈt is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-muott
• There are several stem types
• muõtt:muõtt
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SUOL suõl:suõlˈl is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-suol
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PUOADH puåđ:puått is for nouns with stem i + -est +Sg+Loc; all stem other than the +Sg+Nom are X3; the i does not occur in +Par
• Yaml: N-puadh
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_MUOARD muård:muårdd
• Yaml: N-muard
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_MUU3 muuʒ:muvʒʒ
• LEXICON NMN_MUU3 muuʒ:muvʒʒ

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 180)

  1.3 Sg.Loc in -est (no vowel shift, all raised)

  e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.3.2 Sg.Ill vowel -a

  1.3.2.2 Lacks Palatalization

  1.3.2.2.1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

  1.3.2.2.1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

  1.3.2.2.1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant Cluster Variation)

  Weak grade: Sg.Nom Extra strong grade: Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Extra strong grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

  FORMS

  (1) Sg.Nom: muuʒ

  (2) Pl.Nom: muvʒʒi

  (3) Sg.Ill: muvʒʒǥa

  (4) Sg.Loc: muvʒʒest

  (5) Sg.Com: muvʒʒin

  (6) Ess: muvʒʒen

  (7) Par: muvʒʒed

  (8) Pl.Acc: muvʒʒjid

  (9) Der/Dimin.N.Sg.Nom:

• Yaml: N-muuz
• There are several stem types
• muuʒ:muvʒʒi
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with low stem vowel and u-stems

u-stems

• LEXICON N_MAEAEN mään:ma%^1VOWnn
• LEXICON NMN_MAEAEN mään:ma%^1VOWnn

  1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 228)

  1.2 Sg.Loc in -ust. u-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  1.2.3 Sg.Ill in raised vowel and -u

  1.2.3.1 Has Gradation

  1.2.3.1.1 Monophthong

  1.2.3.1.1.1 Consonant Geminate (W2XSt)

  1.2.3.1.1.1.1 Sg.Nom Weak Grade

  1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.Sg.Gen Extra Strong Grade

  1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.3 Sg.Ill Extra Strong Grade

  1.2.3.1.1.1.1.3.3.Q All but Sg.Nom are raised vowels

• Yaml: N-maan
• There are several stem types
• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^CC2C SG-NOM ; mään

• :%>u SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; mannu

• LEXICON N_PYYGG pââgg:põgg
• LEXICON NMN_PYYGG pââgg:põgg
• Yaml: N-paagg
• There are several stem types
• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower SG-NOM ; pââgg
• :%>u SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; põggu

• :%>u PL-NOM ; põggu

• LEXICON N_NJOORGX njoorǥ:njurgg
• LEXICON NMN_NJOORGX njoorǥ:njurgg
• Yaml: N-paagg
• There are several stem types
• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX SG-NOM ; njoorǥ
• :%>u SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; njurggu

• :%>u PL-NOM ; njurggu

• LEXICON N_SUYL suâl:suõlˈl
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-sual

• There are several stem types

• LEXICON N_KUYUS kuâus:kuõhss
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-kuyus

• There are several stem types

• LEXICON N_CUYBB cuâbb:cuõbˈb
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-sual

• There are several stem types

• LEXICON N_CHUYNJ čuânj:čuõnˈnj
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-sual

• Ther aere several stem types

• LEXICON N_PUYGXGX puâǥǥ:puõkˈk
• is for nouns with -est +Loc

• Yaml: N-puaghgh

• LEXICON N_PUA33 puäʒʒ:puõcˈc
• is for nouns with -est +Loc
• Yaml: N-sual
• There are several stem types
• puäʒʒ:puõcˈc

CLASS 2 NOMINALS with high stem vowel and â-stems

• LEXICON N_PIIDH piiđ:pitt
• is for nouns with -âst +Loc
• Yaml: N-piidh
• There are several stem types
• piiđ:pitt
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C SG-NOM ; (1) piiđ
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) piiđ
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^CC2C%>e SG-ILL ; (3) piiʹđe
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>u SG-ILL ; (3) pittu
• :%^V2VV%^CC2Câ SG-LOC ; (4) piiđâst
• :%^V2VV%^CC2C SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5)

• :%^V2VV%^CC2Câ ESS/PAR ; (6)

• LEXICON N_OODHI oođi:oođ
• LEXICON NMN_OODHI oođi:oođ
• Yaml: N-oodhi
• There are several stem types
• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 3 HIGH VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION NOMINALS

m-stems

• LEXICON N_LAAJJ laajj:la%^1VOWčč
• LEXICON NMN_LAAJJ laajj:la%^1VOWčč

• Yaml: N-laajj

• LEXICON N_OODH õõđ:õ%^1VOWđđ
• LEXICON NMN_OODH õõđ:õ%^1VOWđđ

• Yaml: N-oodhdh

• LEXICON N_SOOUS sõõus:sõhss
• Yaml:

• LEXICON NMN_SOOUS sõõus:sõ%^1VOWhss

• LEXICON N_LAAUR laaur:laurr
• LEXICON NMN_LAAUR laaur:laurr

• Yaml:

• LEXICON N_VYYID vââid:võ%^1VOWidd
• LEXICON NMN_VYYID vââid:võ%^1VOWidd
• Yaml: N-vyyid similar_to:

CLASS 3

n-stems

• LEXICON N_SIOM = siõm:siõmˈm
• LEXICON NMN_SIOM = siõm:siõmˈm

• Yaml: N-siom

• LEXICON N_SEAEM = seäm:seämˈm
• LEXICON NMN_SEAEM = seäm:seämˈm

• Yaml: N-siom

• LEXICON N_VUYSK vuâsk:vuâskk
• LEXICON NMN_VUYSK vuâsk:vuâskk

• Yaml: N-kuolban similar_to:N_KUOLBYN

• LEXICON N_KHIYLGX ǩiâlǥ:ǩiâlgg
• LEXICON NMN_KHIYLGX ǩiâlǥ:ǩiâlgg

• Yaml: N-kuolban similar_to:N_KUOLBYN

• LEXICON N_KUOLBYN kuõlbân:kuõlbb
• LEXICON NMN_KUOLBYN kuõlbân:kuõlbb

• Yaml: N-kuolban

• LEXICON N_SIEQM sieʹm:siâmˈm stemtype Am-stem

• Yaml: N-siem

• LEXICON N_LUEQM lueʹm:luâmˈm stemtype Am-stem
• Yaml: N-luem

CLASS 3

• LEXICON N_VUEQN vueʹn:vuânˈn stemtype Am-stem
• Yaml: vuen

Are these actually necessary 2015-05-30

• LEXICON N_CHYYQDH čââʹđ:čâđđ
• Yaml: N-caad

• čââʹđ:čââʹđ

• LEXICON N_CHUEQNJ čueʹnj:čuânˈnj stemtype Aǥ-stem
• Yaml: N-chuenj

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, HIGH VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE Â:0

• LEXICON N_KOONJYL kõõnjâl:k%^1VOWõnnjâl
• LEXICON NMN_KOONJYL kõõnjâl:k%^1VOWõnnjâl similar to TOLL
• Yaml: koonjal

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VOONYS võõnâs:võ%^1VOWnnâs
• LEXICON NMN_VOONYS võõnâs:võnnâs like TOLL

N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-voonas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHOOGXGXYS čõõǥǥâs:čõ%^1VOWkkâs
• LEXICON NMN_CHOOGXGXYS čõõǥǥâs:čõkkâs like KUSS

N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-chooghghas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KOODDYS kõõddâs:kõddâs
• LEXICON NMN_KOODDYS kõõddâs:kõddâs like N_PODD, N_PAPP, N_LUUBBYL
• Yaml: N-kooddas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_LUUBBYL luubbâl:lubbâl
• LEXICON NMN_LUUBBYL luubbâl:lubbâl like PODD but also PAPP, N_KOODDYS
• Yaml: N-luubbal

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_TAALKYS taalkâs:ta%^1VOWlkkâs
• LEXICON NMN_TAALKYS taalkâs:talkkâs like PÕRTT
• Yaml: N-taalkas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_TAALKYS-PL taalkâs:ta%^1VOWlkkâs

• LEXICON N_PIIUTYS piiutâs:pihttâs
• LEXICON NMN_PIIUTYS piiutâs:pihttâs like N_VAHTT stemtype n-stem piiutâs:piiutâs
• Yaml: N-piiutas
• :%^Pen%^V2VV%^Pen%^YXX2VX SG-NOM ; piiutâs
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-
• LEXICON N_PIIUTYS-PL piiutâs:pihttâs

• +Cmp/SgNom:%^Pen%^V2VV%^Pen%^YXX2VX R ; piiutâs

• LEXICON N_KOONTYR koontâr:ko%^1VOWnttâr like N_ALGG, N_TAALKYS, N_AAUTYR stemtype n-stem koontâr:koontâr
• Yaml: N-koontar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_AAUTYR aautâr:ahttâr like N_ALGG, N_TAALKYS, N_AAUTYR stemtype n-stem aautâr:aautâr
• Yaml: N-aautar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_RIIPYS riipâs:rijppâs like N_ALGG, N_TAALKYS, N_AAUTYR stemtype n-stem aautâr:aautâr
• Yaml: N-aautar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHIIUGXYN ǩiiuǥân:ǩi%^1VOWuggân

• LEXICON NMN_KHIIUGXYN ǩiiuǥân:ǩi%^1VOWuggân stemtype n-stem ǩiiuǥân:ǩiiuǥân

• Yaml: N-kiiughan

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHIOTKYM ǩiõtkâm:ǩiõtkkâm

• LEXICON NMN_KHIOTKYM ǩiõtkâm:ǩiõtkkâm

• Yaml: N-kiotkam

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_FIINYS fiinâs:fijnnâs

• LEXICON NMN_FIINYS fiinâs:fijnnâs stemtype n-stem fiinâs:fiinâs

• Yaml: A-fiinas
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, HIGH VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON N_TUOVYS tuõvâs:tuõvˈvâs
• LEXICON NMN_TUOVYS tuõvâs:tuõvˈvâs
• Yaml: N-tuovas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• Yaml: N-kuadhdhas

• LEXICON N_VUONJYL vuõnjâl:vuõnnjâl
• LEXICON NMN_VUONJYL vuõnjâl:vuõnnjâl
• Yaml: N-tuovas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUOIVYS vuõivâs:vuõivvâs

• LEXICON NMN_VUOIVYS vuõivâs:vuõivvâs

• Yaml: N-vuoivas
• :%^Pen%^YXX2YX SG-NOM ; (1) Sg_Nom: vuõivâs
• :%^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) Pl_Nom: vuõivvâz
• :%^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; (3) Sg_Ill: vuõivvsa
• :%^RmVow%>e SG-LOC ; (4) Sg_Loc: vuõivvsest
• :%^RmVow SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5) Sg_Com: vuõivvsin
• :%^RmVow%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) Ess: vuõivvsen

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_TUODDYR tuõddâr:tuõdˈdâr
• LEXICON NMN_TUODDYR tuõddâr:tuõdˈdâr N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHIOGXGXYR čiõǥǥâr:čiõkˈkâr
• LEXICON NMN_CHIOGXGXYR čiõǥǥâr:čiõkˈkâr N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PUAEGXGXANJ tuõddâr:tuõdˈdâr
• LEXICON NMN_PUAEGXGXANJ puäǥǥanj:puäkˈkanj N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; puäkˈknj-

• LEXICON N_VUAEDHANJ vuäđanj:vuäđˈđanj
• LEXICON NMN_VUAEDHANJ vuäđanj:vuäđˈđanj N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; puäkˈknj-

• LEXICON N_CHOAOAGXGXAM čååǥǥam:čååkkam
• LEXICON NMN_CHOAOAGXGXAM čååǥǥam:čååkkam N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; čååkkm-

• LEXICON N_RUODDYS ruõddâs:ruõdˈdâs
• LEXICON NMN_RUODDYS ruõddâs:ruõdˈdâs N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-tuoddar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_NAQZVAANASH-PL naʹzvaanâš:naʹzvaanâš

• LEXICON N_COOGGYLM cõõggâlm:cõõggâlm stemtype l-stem cõõggâlm:cõõggâlm
• NMN_COOGGYLM = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: cooggalm, aaresm, kaaddask

• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^Pen%^CC2CAllegro%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SIIVALM siivâlm:siivâlm stemtype l-stem siivâlm:siivâlm
• NMN_SIIVALM = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-siivalm

• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KAADDYSHKH kaaddâšǩ:kaaddâšǩ
• NMN_KAADDYSHKH = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: cooggalm, aaresm, kaaddask

• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^Pen%^CC2CAllegro%^RmVow%^PALNo VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns- CHECKME

• NMN_KAADDYSHKH = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)

• Yaml: cooggalm, aaresm, kaaddask

• LEXICON N_TOOBDYLM toobdâlm:toobdâlm
• Yaml: cooggalm, aaresm, kaaddask

• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; tobdlm- CHECKME

• LEXICON N_IILYSKH iilâsǩ:iilâsǩ
• Yaml: N-iilask
• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow%^PALNo VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns- CHECKME

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON N_CEERKAV ceerkav:cẹẹrkav
• LEXICON NMN_CEERKAV ceerkav:cẹẹrkav = stemtype n-stem ceerkav:ceerkav
• Yaml: ceerkav
• : SG-NOM ; (1) ceerkav
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; (2) ceerkav
• :%^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; (3) ceerkva
• :%^RmVow%>e SG-LOC ; (4) ceerkvest
• :%^RmVow SG-COM_IN/PL-OBL ; (5) ceerkvin
• :%^RmVow%>e ESS/PAR ; (6) ceerkven

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_SOAOABBAR sååbbar:s%^1VOWåbbar
• LEXICON NMN_SOAOABBAR sååbbar:s%^1VOWåbbar N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-sååbbar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KOAOADDAS kååddas:kå%^1VOWddas N_LBVVCC_as
• LEXICON NMN_KOAOADDAS kååddas:kåddas N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-kååddas

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; kådds-

• LEXICON N_KOALVAK kåålvak:kåålvak
• LEXICON NMN_KOALVAK kåålvak:kåålvak stemtype n-stem kåålvak:kåålvak Palatalization loss in Sg.Ill
• Yaml: N-paattakj
• :%^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: kåålvka
• :%^RmVow%^PALK%>e SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc: kåålvǩest

• :%^RmVow%^PALK VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_AACCIKH pååttaǩ:pååttak
• LEXICON NMN_AACCIKH pååttaǩ:pååttak stemtype n-stem pååttaǩ:pååttak Palatalization loss in Sg.Ill
• Yaml: N-paattakj
• :%^RmVow%^PALNo VOONYS-STEM-PX-WITHOUT-PAL ; ååʹblk-
• :%^RmVow%^PALK VOONYS-STEM-PX-WITH-PAL ; ååʹblǩ-

stemtype n-stem jânnam:jânnam N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1

• Yaml: N-jânnam

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• : VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_CHIOPPYRJ čiõppârj:čiõppâr stemtype n-stem jânnam:jânnam N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-jânnam

• :%^RmVow%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KOAOAVAS kååvas:kå%^1VOWvvas kååvas, joođâs N_LBVVC_as
• LEXICON NMN_KOAOAVAS kååvas:kåvvas
• Yaml: N-kaavas
• :%^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; kåvvaz

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_PAEAELKAS päälkas:pä%^1VOWlkkas
• LEXICON NMN_PAEAELKAS päälkas:pälkkas
• Yaml: N-paalkas
• :%^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; pälkkaz
• :%^VC PL-NOM ; pälkkaz

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_MUYLAS muâlas:muâlˈlas
• LEXICON NMN_MUYLAS muâlas:muâlˈlas
• Yaml: N-muylas
• :%^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; muâlˈlaz
• :%^VC PL-NOM ; muâlˈlaz

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_VEEVAR veevar:vẹvvar
• LEXICON NMN_VEEVAR veevar:vẹvvar
• Yaml: N-veevar

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_VEEIVAR veeivar:vẹ%^1VOWivvar
• LEXICON NMN_VEEIVAR veeivar:vẹ%^1VOWivvar
• Yaml: N-veeivar
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; veivvar
• : PL-NOM ; veivvar
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

gradation: no

2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 252)

2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a

2.3.2.2 LACKS Gradation

2.3.2.2.1 Penultimate stem vowel loss: (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Gen, Pl.Acc, Pl.Ill, Pl.Loc, Pl.Com, Pl.Abe)

2.3.2.2.1.1 The Sg.Com vowel i appears before final n

• Yaml: A-sloohman

• LEXICON N_KOAOADDARV kååddarv:kååddarv stemtype l-stem kååddarv:kååddarv
• NMN_KOAOADDARV = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-kaaddarv
• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^Pen%^CC2C%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, NO PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE A:0

• LEXICON N_KHEYLGXAL ǩeâlǥal:ǩeâlggal
• LEXICON NMN_KHEYLGXAL ǩeâlǥal:ǩeâlggal
• Yaml: kealgal

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KUAEIVAS kuäivas:kuäivvas N_LBVWXY_as
• LEXICON NMN_KUAEIVAS kuäivas:kuäivvas stemtype n-stem kuäivas:kuäivas N_GEN2X3-NOM2X1
• Yaml: N-kuaeivas
• :%^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; kuäivvaz

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KUAEIVAS-PL kuäivas:kuäivvas

• :%^VC PL-NOM ; kuäivvaz

• LEXICON N_JUYGXGXAS juâǥǥas:juâkˈkas

  2. WORDS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 252)

  2.3 Sg.Loc in -est. e-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

  2.3.2 Sg.Ill in -a

  2.3.2.2

  2.3.2.2.1 Penultimate stem vowel loss: (Sg.Ill, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com; Ess, Par; Pl.Gen, Pl.Acc, Pl.Ill, Pl.Loc, Pl.Com, Pl.Abe)

  2.3.2.2.1.1 The Sg.Com vowel i appears before final n

• Yaml: N-juaghghas
• :%^VC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; juâkˈkaz

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_HEAVASH heävaš:heäpˈpaš
• Yaml: N-heavash

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

• LEXICON N_KUAELLAS kuällas:kuälˈlas
• Yaml: N-heavash
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; såbbr-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, MONOPHTHONG, PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON N_VEEQREST veeʹrest:veeʹrest
• LEXICON NMN_VEEQREST veeʹrest:veeʹrest
• NMN_VEEQREST = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-veerest

• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_AAQRESHM ääʹrešm:ääʹrešm
• LEXICON NMN_AAQRESHM ääʹrešm:ääʹrešm stemtype l-stem ääʹrešm:ääʹrešm
• NMN_AAQRESHM = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-aeaereshm
• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; äʹršma

• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SAAQVESKH sääʹvesǩ:sääʹvesǩ
• Yaml: N-saeaeveskj
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; sääʹvesǩ
• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow%^PALNo%>a SG-ILL ; säʹvska
• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow SG-COM_IN ; CHECKME
• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow%>e ESS/PAR ; CHECKME
• :%^Pen%^VV2V%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-
• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg+Use/NG:%^RmVow SG-COM_IN ; CHECKME
• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg+Use/NG:%^RmVow%>e ESS/PAR ; CHECKME

• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg+Use/NG:%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KUEQDDELM kueʹddelm:kueʹddelm
• LEXICON NMN_KUEQDDELM kueʹddelm:kueʹddelm
• Yaml: N-kueddelm
• :%^Pen%^CC2CAllegro%^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; äʹršma
• :%^Pen%^CC2CAllegro%^RmVow SG-ABE ; CHECKME

• :%^Pen%^CC2CAllegro%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CIYLKYLM ciâlkâlm:ciâ%{ˈ1%}lkâlm
• LEXICON NMN_CIYLKYLM ciâlkâlm:ciâ%{ˈ1%}lkâlm
• Yaml: N-ciylkylm
• :%^Pen%^Allegro%^RmVow%>a SG-ILL ; ciâˈlklma
• :%^Pen%^Allegro%^RmVow%>e SG-LOC ; ciâˈlklmest
• :%^Pen%^Allegro%^RmVow SG-ABE ; CHECKME
• :%^Pen%^Allegro%^RmVow PL-OBL ; ciâˈlklmi

• :%^Pen%^Allegro%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_STROOIQTEL strooiʹtel:stro%^1VOWiʹttel
• NMN_STROOIQTEL = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-strooitel

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHEEUQRES čeeuʹres:če%^1VOWurres N_2E_EEUQCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_CHEEUQRES čeeuʹres:če%^1VOWurres stemtype l-stem čeeuʹres:čeeuʹres
• NMN_CHEEUQRES = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-ceeures

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_2E_EEQYXES/Z ceeʹpces:cẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}pcces N_2E_EEQYXES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_2E_EEQYXES/Z ceeʹpces:cẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}pcces stemtype l-stem čeeuʹres:čeeuʹres
• NMN_2E_EEQYXES/Z = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-ceeures

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_POAOAUQTES pååuʹtes:på%^1VOWhttes N_2E_VVUQCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_POAOAUQTES pååuʹtes:på%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}ttes
• Yaml: N-ceeures

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SEEUQTER seeuʹter:seäh%{ʹØ%}tter
• LEXICON NMN_SEEUQTER seeuʹter:seäh%{ʹØ%}tter
• Yaml: N-seeuter

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_JEEQEL jeeʹel:jeä%{ʹØ%}kˈkel
• LEXICON NMN_JEEQEL jeeʹel:jeä%{ʹØ%}kˈkel
• Yaml: N-jeeel
• :%^Pen%^PALE%^Pen%^PAL%^Pen%^KKK2ZERO SG-NOM ; jeeʹel

• :%^Pen%^PALE%^Pen%^PAL%^Pen%^KKK2GG%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_NYYQER nââʹer:nâ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kker
• LEXICON NMN_NYYQER nââʹer:nâ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kker
• Yaml: N-naaer
• :%^Pen%^PAL%^Pen%^KK2GG%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

s:z-stem type

• Yaml: kerres
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

CLASS 4 BISYLLABIC, LOW VOWEL, DIPHTHONG, PALATALIZATION IN PENULTIMATE E:0

• LEXICON N_CYYQ33EL cââʹʒʒel:câ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ʒʒel
• LEXICON NMN_CYYQ33EL cââʹʒʒel:câ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ʒʒel
• Yaml: N-cyyq33el

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; câccl-

• LEXICON N_KAAQLLES kääʹlles:kä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lles N_2E_VVQCCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_KAAQLLES kääʹlles:källes
• Yaml: N-kaeaelles

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; källs-

• LEXICON N_OAQVES ååʹves:å%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}vves N_2E_VVQCCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_OAQVES ååʹves:å%^1VOWvves
• Yaml: N-aaves

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; åvvs-

• LEXICON N_2E_VQYKK_S/Z pä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgges
• LEXICON NMN_2E_VQYKK_S/Z pä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgges
• Yaml: N-kaeaerbes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; kärbbs-

• LEXICON N_KAAQRBES kääʹrbes:kärbbes N_2E_VVQYXES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_KAAQRBES kääʹrbes:kärbbes
• Yaml: N-kaeaerbes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; kärbbs-

• LEXICON N_PUAQRES puäʹres:puärˈres N_2E_VWQCES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_PUAQRES puäʹres:puärˈres
• Yaml: N-puaeres

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; puärˈrs-

• LEXICON N_PUAQRES-PL puäʹres:puärˈres
• LEXICON NMN_PUAQRES-PL puäʹres:puärˈres

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; puärˈrs-

• LEXICON N_PEAEQLES peäʹles:peälˈles
• LEXICON NMN_PEAEQLES peäʹles:peälˈles
• Yaml: N-puaeres

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; peälˈls-

• LEXICON N_JEAEQVES jeäʹves:jeä%{ʹØ%}v%{ˈØ%}%{vØ%}%{eØ%}%{sz%}
• LEXICON NMN_JEAEQVES jeäʹves:jeä%{ʹØ%}v%{ˈØ%}%{vØ%}%{eØ%}%{sz%}
• Yaml: N-puaeres

• :%^Pen%^PAL%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; jeävˈvs-

• LEXICON N_PUUQTTES puuʹttes:pu%^1VOWtt
• LEXICON NMN_PUUQTTES puuʹttes:pu%^1VOWtt
• Yaml: similar_to:N-kaeaelles
• :%^VOWLower%>s VOONYS-STEM-PX ; potts-

-stems

• LEXICON N_NJUAEQMMEL = stemtype l-stem njuäʹmmel:njuäʹmˈmel
• LEXICON NMN_NJUAEQMMEL = stemtype l-stem njuäʹmmel:njuäʹmˈmel

• Yaml: njuammel, njuunnjel, aappal

• LEXICON N_CIEAQKHKHES cieʹǩǩes:ceä%{ʹØ%}kˈkes
• NMN_CIEAQKHKHES = Koulukielioppi stemtype II 9 (29)
• Yaml: N-ciekkes

• :%^Pen%^VOWLower%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHUEQDHES čueʹđes:čuâ%{ʹØ%}ttes
• LEXICON NMN_CHUEQDHES čueʹđes:čuâttes
• Yaml: N-chuedhes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHEEQLES ǩeeʹles:ǩeâlˈles
• LEXICON NMN_KHEEQLES ǩeeʹles:ǩeâlˈles
• Yaml: N-chuedhes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUAQPPPES vueʹppes:vuäpˈpes
• LEXICON NMN_VUAQPPPES vueʹppes:vuäpˈpes
• Yaml: N-vuaeppes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHEEQSTES ǩeeʹstes:ǩeâsttes N_2E_EEQYXES/0Z
• LEXICON NMN_KHEEQSTES ǩeeʹstes:ǩeâsttes
• Yaml: N-keestes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KHEEQRDES ǩeeʹrdes:ǩeâ%{ʹØ%}rddes N_2E_EEQYXES/Z
• LEXICON NMN_KHEEQRDES ǩeeʹrdes:ǩeâ%{ʹØ%}rddes
• Yaml: N-keestes
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

N_2E_VVQYXES/0Z

• LEXICON NMN_SYYQRVES
• Yaml: N-kaeaerbes
• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; sârvvs-

this deals with an extra piece of paradigm

• LEXICON N_VIEQLPES vieʹlpes:ǩeâlppes
• LEXICON NMN_VIEQLPES vieʹlpes:ǩeâ%{ʹØ%}lppes
• Yaml: N-veelpes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PUEAQRDES čueʹcǩes:čuäckkes
• LEXICON NMN_PUEAQRDES čueʹcǩes:čuäckkes
• Yaml: N-chuaeckes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUEAEQDDES vuẹʹddes:vuädˈdes
• LEXICON NMN_VUEAEQDDES vuẹʹddes:vuädˈdes
• Yaml: N-vueddes

• :%^RmVow VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SAQPPLI säʹppli:säʹppl

• Yaml: A-saeppli

• LEXICON N_SAQPPLEEJAZH säʹppleejaž:säʹppl

• Yaml: A-saeppli

• LEXICON N_MOOGXGX mooǥǥ:mo%^1VOWkˈk
• :%^V2VV%^KK2GG SG-NOM ; mooǥǥ
• :%>anj SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; mokkanj
• :nja SG-ILL ; mokknja

• :nj VOONYS-STEM-PX ; mokknj

• LEXICON N_CHUYGXGXAS čuâǥǥas:čuâkˈk
• :%^KKK2GG%>as SG-NOM ; čuâǥǥas
• :%^VOWRaise%>u SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; čuõkˈku
• :sa SG-ILL ; čuâkˈksa

• :s VOONYS-STEM-PX ; čuâkˈksallaš

• LEXICON N_SEQTT seʹtt:sett
• Yaml: N-sett

• There are several stem types

• LEXICON N_LOAQDD låʹdd:lå%^1VOWdd is for nouns with -est +Loc, N_E-ANoPal3-32

• Yaml: N-ladd

• :%^V2VV E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) lååddaž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) lådd-
• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) låʹd»
• :%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) låʹdd

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PAL E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (2) låʹdd

• LEXICON N_LOAQDD-PL lååʹdd:lådd

e-a-stems

Nouns with -est Loc and -a Ill without ʹ lemma and stem 3rd grade; vowel raising

• Yaml: peass

• LEXICON N_MIEAQRR mieʹrr:meä%{ʹØ%}rr Nouns with -est Loc and -a Ill without ʹ

• Yaml: mierr

• :%^CC2C E-STEM_N_KUYLAZH ; (9) meäraž
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) meärr-
• :%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) miẹˈʹr-

• :%^PALẸ%^PAL E-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; (12) miẹʹrr Ess+Px..

• LEXICON N_MIEAQRR-PL meäʹr:meä%{ʹØ%}rr

• LEXICON N_MIEQLKHKH mieʹlǩǩ:meâ%{ʹØ%}lkk
• LEXICON NMN_MIEQLKHKH mieʹlǩǩ:meâ%{ʹØ%}lkk **LEXICON NMN_MIEQLKHKH ** Nouns with -est Loc and -a Ill without ʹ
• Yaml: N-mielkk
• E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) meâlkk- CHECKME 2016-08-19

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) mieʹlǩ-

• LEXICON N_PAARHOAQD päärhåʹd:päärhå%^1VOWd
• LEXICON NMN_PAARHOAQD päärhåʹd:päärhå%^1VOWd **LEXICON NMN_PAARHOAQD ** Nouns with -est Loc and -a Ill without ʹ

• Yaml: N-paeaehoad

• :%{XC%}%^C2CC E-STEM-PX-RETAIN-WITHOUT-PAL ; (10) säimm-

• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX E-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; (11) säiʹm-

• LEXICON N_CHIISTI čiisti:čiistti
• LEXICON NMN_CHIISTI čiisti:čiistti
• Yaml: N-chiisti
• There are several stem types
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=””

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• DenominalAdjsCShort ; 2024-08-08

čâustõk+N+Sg+Gen:čâustõõǥǥ Sajos:Sajo%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}s

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

• LEXICON N_MILJONAAQR = stemtype miljonääʹr:miljonäär
• LEXICON NMN_MILJONAAQR = stemtype
• Yaml: N-miljonaeaer

stemtype n-stem reʹppiǩ:reʹppiǩ Palatalization loss in Sg.Ill

• Yaml: N-reppikj

PENULTIMATE O:0

• LEXICON N_MOOTTOR moottor:moottor
• LEXICON NMN_MOOTTOR moottor:moottor
• Yaml: N-moottor

VOWEL-FINAL STEMS

• Yaml: N-biologia
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom

• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

• Yaml: N-bukva
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: bukvaaʹje
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: bukva
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom
• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

inflection_type=”?”

• Yaml: N-merja
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: merjaaʹje
• :%^RmVow%>že SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: merjže
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: merja
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom

• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

• Yaml: N-truuba
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill
• SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom

• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

• Yaml: Prop-terhi
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: terhiiʹje
• :ʹžže SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: terhiʹžže
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom
• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

inflection_type=”?”

• Yaml: Prop-jouste
• SG-NOM ; +Sg+Nom
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; +Sg+Gen
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: jousteeʹje
• :ʹžže SG-ILL ; +Sg+Ill: jousteʹžže
• SG-LOC ; +Sg+Loc
• SG-COM_IN ; +Sg+Com
• ESS/PAR ; +Ess
• PL-NOM ; +Pl+Nom

• PL-OBL ; +Pl+Gen

• LEXICON N_RADIO radio:radio
• Yaml: N-radio
• SG-NOM ; (TSA-1) +Sg+Nom:
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (=TSA-2)
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• SG-LOC ; ()
• SG-COM_IN ; (=TSA-4)
• ESS/PAR ; ()
• PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom:

• PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• Yaml: N-oulu
• SG-NOM ; (TSA-1) +Sg+Nom:
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (=TSA-2)
• :%^1VOW%^V2VVʹje SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill:
• SG-LOC ; ()
• SG-COM_IN ; (=TSA-4)
• ESS/PAR ; ()
• PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom:

• PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• LEXICON N_CHEE čee:čẹẹ
• Yaml: N-chee
• : SG-NOM ;
• :i SG-NOM ;
• SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :ʹe SG-ILL ;
• SG-LOC ;
• SG-COM_IN ;
• ESS/PAR ;
• PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom:

• PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• Yaml: N-hypotees

• LEXICON N_ENERGII energii:energi
• Yaml: N-energii THIS NEEDS CHECKING
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i SG-NOM ; (TSA-1) +Sg+Nom: energii
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (=TSA-2)
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:ia SG-ILL ; (TSA-3) +Sg+Ill: energiia
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i SG-LOC ; ()
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i SG-COM_N ; (=TSA-4)
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i ESS/PAR ; ()
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i PL-NOM ; (TSA-2) +Pl+Nom: energii

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:i PL-OBL ; (TSA-4) +Pl+Gen:

• LEXICON N_NALLSHEM čââʹlmteʹm:čââʹlmtẹ%^1VOWm 292-295

• Yaml: A-chaalmtem

• LEXICON N_HOQZJEQN čââʹlmteʹm:čââʹlmtẹ%^1VOWm 292-295
• Yaml: A-chaalmtem

Stem types from the grammar

These are still not fixed.

• LEXICON N_TUEJJEEJA tuejjeeja:tuejjẹẹja
• LEXICON NMN_TUEJJEEJA tuejjeeja:tuejjẹẹja tuejjeeja:tuejjẹẹja

• Yaml: N-tuejjeeja

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-EEI tuõđšteei:tueʹjjee
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-EEI tuõđšteei:tueʹjjee tuõđšteei:tueʹjjee

• Yaml: N-tuodhshteei

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-EEQJJ tuõđšteei:tueʹjjee
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-EEQJJ tuõđšteei:tueʹjjee tuõđšteeʹjj:tuõđštẹẹ
• Yaml: N-tuodhshteeqjj

Class 5 according to Feist 152

k-stems

stemtype

• Yaml: N-sajos Sajos:Sajo%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}s
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

stemtype

• Yaml: N-chaustok čâustõk+N+Sg+Gen:čâustõõǥǥ

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^K2GG%^PALK N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

stemtype

• Yaml: N-chaustok

• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%{XC%}%^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL ; kuuzz-
• +Der+Der/Dimin+N:%{XC%}%^PAL%^K2GG N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL ; kuuʹzz-

Class 6 according to Feist 153-154 PRESENT PARTICIPLES

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VQCC-I hirmstõʹtti+N:hirmstõ%^1VOWʹtti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VQCC-I hirmstõʹtti+N:hirmstõ%^1VOWʹtti
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• cõggi:cõggi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VCC-I cõggi:cõggi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VCC-I cõggi:cõggi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• cõggi:cõggi NumContLex=”1.2”
• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

participles in -I from verbs in -âd

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VVQCC-I jooʹtti+N:jooʹtti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VVQCC-I jooʹtti+N:jooʹtti
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• jõõvvi:jõõvvi NumContLex=”1.2”
• : SG-NOM ; (1) jooʹtti
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jooʹtti
• :%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; jõõvvja
• :%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ; jõõvvjest
• :%^I2J SG-COM_IN ; jõõvvjin
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ; jõõvvjen
• :%^CC2C PL-NOM ; jooʹđi
• :%^CC2C%^I2J PL-OBL ; jõõvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^I2J PL-OBL ; jõõvvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ; jõõvvi

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VVCC-I jõõvvi:jõõvvi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VVCC-I jõõvvi:jõõvvi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• jõõvvi:jõõvvi NumContLex=”1.2”
• : SG-NOM ; (1) jõõvvi
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; (2) jõõvvi
• :%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; jõõvvja
• :%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ; jõõvvjest
• :%^I2J SG-COM_IN ; jõõvvjin
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ; jõõvvjen
• :%^CC2C PL-NOM ; jõõvi
• :%^CC2C%^I2J PL-OBL ; jõõvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^I2J PL-OBL ; jõõvvji
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ; jõõvvi

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VVQKK-I kooʹcci+N:kooʹcci inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VVQKK-I lookki:lookki
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• lookki:lookki NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VVKK-I lookki:lookki
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VVKK-I lookki:lookki
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• lookki:lookki NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWQKK-I jueʹǩǩi+N:jueʹǩǩi inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWQKK-I jueʹǩǩi+N:jueʹǩǩi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWKK-I ǩiõssi:ǩiõssi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWKK-I ǩiõssi:ǩiõssi
• Yaml: N-joovvi
• There are several stem types
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWQCC-I jiõŋŋhokkisiõʹrri+N:jiõŋŋhokkisiõʹrri inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWQCC-I vuõlli:vuõlli
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWCC-I vuõlli:vuõlli
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWCC-I vuõlli:vuõlli
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWQCCC-I kuõʹddi:kuõʹdˈdi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWQCCC-I kuõʹddi:kuõʹdˈdi
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWCCC-I kuõʒʒi:kuõʒˈʒi
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWCCC-I kuõʒʒi:kuõʒˈʒi
• Yaml: N-vuolli
• There are several stem types
• vuõlli:vuõlli NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWXYY-I suõskki:suõskki
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWXYY-I suõskki:suõskki

• Yaml: suoskki

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• : SG-NOM ; ǩeeʹrzai
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; ǩeeʹrzai
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; ǩeeʹrzja
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ; ǩeeʹrzjest
• :%^RmVow%^I2J SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• : PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;
• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

participles in -AI from verbs in -ad

• : SG-NOM ;
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• : PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VCC-AI kåččai:kåččai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VCC-AI kåččai:kåččai
• Yaml: kachchai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : SG-NOM ;
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^V2VV SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :%^Pen%^V2VV PL-NOM ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^Pen%^V2VV%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VVCC-AI peellai:peellai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VVCC-AI peellai:peellai
• Yaml: paassai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : SG-NOM ; Sg.Nom.Indef: peellai
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; Sg.Ill.Indef: peellja
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^V2VV SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :%^Pen%^CC2C PL-NOM ; Pl.Nom.Indef: peelai
• :%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^Pen%^CC2C%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VVKK-AI pååssai:pååssai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VVKK-AI pååssai:pååssai
• Yaml: paassai
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”
• : SG-NOM ; Sg.Nom.Indef: pååssai
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ; Sg.Ill.Indef: pååssja
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :%^Pen%^KK2GG PL-NOM ; Pl.Nom.Indef: pååzzai
• :%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^Pen%^KK2GG%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VYXX-AI särnnai:särnnai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VYXX-AI särnnai:särnnai
• Yaml: sarnnai
• There are several stem types
• särnnai:särnnai NumContLex=”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWCC-AI vuejjai:vuejjai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWCC-AI vuejjai:vuejjai
• Yaml: N-vuejjai
• There are several stem types
• vuejjai:vuejjai NumContLex=”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWKK-AI reäkkai:reäkkai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWKK-AI reäkkai:reäkkai
• Yaml: N-reakkai
• There are several stem types
• reäkkai:reäkkai NumContLex=”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWCCC-AI vuäggai:vuägˈgai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWCCC-AI vuäggai:vuägˈgai
• Yaml: N-reakkai
• There are several stem types
• vuägˈgai:vuägˈgai NumContLex=”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWXYY-AI meälttai:meälttai
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWXYY-AI meälttai:meälttai
• Yaml: sarnnai
• There are several stem types
• meälttai:meälttai NumContLex=”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_ZHEEVAI žeevai:žẹẹvai
• LEXICON NMN_ZHEEVAI žeevai:žẹẹvai
• Yaml: zheevai NumContLex=”
• :%^RmVow%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

participles in -I from verbs in ʹ-ed

• : SG-NOM ;
• : SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>a SG-ILL ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J%>e SG-LOC ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J SG-COM_IN ;
• :%^I2J%>e ESS/PAR ;
• :%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-NOM ;

• :%^RmVow%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• : PL-NOM ;

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^RmVow%^I2J PL-OBL ;

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VQYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VQYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VYXX-I äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VQHYY-I aʹhtti:a%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tti inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VQHYY-I aʹhtti:a%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^Pen%^PAL%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VHYY-I lahtti:la%^1VOWhtti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VHYY-I lahtti:la%^1VOWhtti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWQHYY-I vuõʹhssi+N:vuõʹhssi inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWQHYY-I vuõʹhssi+N:vuõʹhssi
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC-VWHYY-I čiõhčči:čiõhčči
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC-VWHYY-I čiõhčči:čiõhčči
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• äjjnõʹstti:äjjnõʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”
• sirddi:sirddi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SUQVDDI suʹvddi:suʹvddi
• LEXICON NMN_SUQVDDI suʹvddi:suʹvddi
• Yaml: N-suvddi
• There are several stem types NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_LIEQDHDHDHI lieʹđđi:lieʹđˈđi
• LEXICON NMN_LIEQDHDHDHI lieʹđđi:lieʹđˈđi
• Yaml: N-liedhdhdhi NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC_VWQXYY-I vueʹstti:vueʹstti inflection_type=”?”
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC_VWQXYY-I vueʹstti:vueʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• vueʹstti:vueʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_PRSPRC_VWXYY-I vueʹstti:vueʹstti
• LEXICON NMN_PRSPRC_VWXYY-I vueʹstti:vueʹstti
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• vueʹstti:vueʹstti NumContLex=”1.2”

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUOIQNNI vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnni
• LEXICON NMN_VUOIQNNI vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnni
• Yaml: lookk
• There are several stem types
• vuõiʹnni:vuõiʹnni NumContLex=”1.2”
• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

Class 7 according to Feist 154-155

i-stems

• LEXICON N_HOQPPI hõʹppi:hõʹppi
• LEXICON NMN_HOQPPI hõʹppi:hõʹppi
• Yaml: hoppi
• There are several stem types

• hõʹppi:hõʹppi

• :%^I2J VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_VUYPPPAI vuâppai:vuâpˈp
• LEXICON NMN_VUYPPPAI vuâppai:vuâpˈp
• Yaml: vuappai
• There are several stem types
• :%>%{ʼØ%}j PL-OBL ; vuâpˈpji 2019-09-20

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_SHUOABYRJ šuåbârj:šuåbâr
• LEXICON NMN_SHUOABYRJ šuåbârj:šuåbâr

• Yaml: shuabarj

• :%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_OAOAUM ååum:å%^1VOWumm
• LEXICON NMN_OAOAUM ååum:å%^1VOWumm
• Yaml: N-aaum
• There are several stem types
• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX SG-NOM ;
• :a SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ;
• :%>%{ʼØ%}j%>a SG-ILL ;
• :a SG-LOC ;
• :a SG-COM_IN ;
• :%>%{ʼØ%}je ESS/PAR ;
• :a PL-OBL ;

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_CHUYR čuâr:čuõrˈr
• LEXICON NMN_CHUYR čuâr:čuõrˈr
• Yaml: N-chuar
• There are several stem types čuâr čuâras čuâraš čuõrˈru čuâran čuõrˈrui
• :%^VOWLower%>s VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWLower%>š VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWLower%>ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

• LEXICON N_KAAMMI kaammi:kaamm
• LEXICON NMN_KAAMMI kaammi:kaamm
• Yaml: piannai

• There are several stem types kaammi käʹmme kaammjen käʹmmi

• LEXICON N_PIYNNAI piânnai:piânˈn
• LEXICON NMN_PIYNNAI piânnai:piânˈn
• Yaml: piannai

• There are several stem types piânnai pieʹnˈne piânnʼjen pieʹnˈn- pieʹnˈnʼji Correction by Satu 2015-08-12 piânˈnʼji

• :ǥ VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%>%{ʼØ%}j VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

Class 8 according to Feist 155-157

Class 9 according to Feist 158

• LEXICON N_MEERSAZH säʹmmlaž:säʹmml
• Yaml: A-saemmlazh säʹmmlaž:säʹmmlaž
• : VOONYS-STEM-PX ; võnns-

Diminutive derivations

• LEXICON N_1Y_DIMK_YZH muõrâž:muõr (2009: 306)
• muõrâž:muõr

• Yaml: N-muorazh

• LEXICON N_MUORYZH muõrâž:muõr (2009: 306)
• muõrâž:muõr

• Yaml: N-muorazh

• LEXICON N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL paapp
• :âž SG-NOM ; paappâž
• :že SG-ILL ; paappže

• :že ESS/PAR ; paappžen

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-LOC-PX ; muõrstes
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:âž%>am K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>ž%>amâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:âž%>amâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_MUORYZH-WITHOUT-PAL-PL paapp

• :že ESS/PAR ; paappžen

• LEXICON N_MUORYZH-WITH-PAL paaʹpp-
• :%>e SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; paaʹppe
• :%>e SG-LOC ; paaʹppest
• :%>e SG-COM_IN ; paaʹppein

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-COM_IN ; paaʹppin

• :%>e PL-NOM ; paaʹppe
• :%>e PL-OBL ; paaʹppei Merja differentiates from regular pl

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-OBL ; paaʹppi

• : SG-LOC-PX ; muõʹrstes
• :%>e PL-NOM ; paaʹppe
• :%>e PL-OBL ; paaʹppei Merja differentiates from regular pl

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-OBL ; paaʹppi

• LEXICON N_KUUZZYZH-WITHOUT-PAL paapp-
• :âž SG-NOM ; paappâž
• :%>že SG-ILL ; paappže

• :%>že ESS/PAR ; paappžen

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-LOC-PX ; muõrstes

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:âž%>am K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>ž%>amâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:âž%>amâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_KUUZZYZH-WITH-PAL kuuʹzz-
• :%>e SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; paaʹzze
• :%>e SG-LOC ; paaʹzzest
• :%>e SG-COM_IN ; paaʹzzein
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: SG-COM_IN ; paaʹzzin
• :%>e PL-NOM ; paaʹzze
• :%>e PL-OBL ; paaʹzzei Merja differentiates from regular pl
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG: PL-OBL ; paaʹzzi

• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg: SG-LOC-PX ; kuuʹzzstes

• : SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; kuʹzstes

• LEXICON N_SAEQMMLOOZHZHYZH säʹmmlõõžžâž:säʹmmlõõžž

• Yaml: N-muorazh

• : HatY-STEM-PX-WEAKEN_LARGO ; säʹmmlõõžž- Sg_Loc_PxSg1
• :%^PAL HatY-STEM-PX-WEAKEN_LARGO ; säʹmmlõõʹžž- Sg_Loc_PxSg1
• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; säʹmmlõʹž-

• :%^VV2V%^CC2CAllegro SG-LOC-PX_ALLEGRO ; säʹmmlõž-

• LEXICON N_PRE-PEESSAZH puälaž:puäl

• LEXICON N_PEESSAZH piissuž:pẹẹss This is only a partial paradigm
• LEXICON NMN_PEESSAZH piissuž:pẹẹss
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ažam K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>žamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ažamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_PIISSUZH piissuž:piiss (2009: 310)
• piissuž:piiss

• Yaml: N-piissuzh

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ožam K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>žamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ožamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_KUYLAZH kuâlaž:kuâl
• kuâlaž:kuâl
• Yaml: N-kualazh kuâla, kuâlže

• : LOAOADDAZH-STEM-PX-ALLEGRO ; This should go to each stem type ERROR

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ažam K; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:%>žamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/Orth+Err/GenreLeudd+Sg+Nom+PxSg1:ažamâ K; Leudd 2018-09-20

• LEXICON N_KUYLAZH-PL kuâla:kuâl

• LEXICON N_UUQREZH uuʹrež:uuʹr

• Yaml: N-uurezh

• LEXICON N_JEAQKHKHKHAAZH jeäʹǩǩääž:jeäʹǩˈǩ

• Yaml: N-jeakkeaeazh

• LEXICON N_VONNSAZH võnnsaž:võnns

• Yaml: N-kualazh

• LEXICON NMN_JIQLSSI Jiʹlssi:Jiʹlssi Is this correct 2015-09-11

• LEXICON NMN_OAQLGA Ååʹlga:Ååʹlg Is this correct 2015-09-11

• LEXICON NMN_SINIDA Sinida:Sinid Is this correct 2015-09-11 Is this correct 2015-09-11

• LEXICON N_KUUQMPEZH
• kuuʹmpež:kuuʹmp

• Yaml: N-kuumpezh

• LEXICON N_OOUMAZH ooumaž:o%^1VOWumm is for nouns with -ust +Sg+Loc; e +Sg+Ill; X2 no gradation; no lowering no raising N_GEN1-ILLEX1-LOCE-NOM1X1
• Yaml: N-ooumazh
• There are several stem types
• ooumaž:ooum

Class 10 according to Feist 160-161

neǩ-stem

• LEXICON N_KAADHNEKH kaađneǩ:kaađnẹ%^1VOWk
• LEXICON NMN_KAADHNEKH kaađneǩ:kaađnẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}k
• Yaml: N-kaadhnekj, N-chaustok Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04-05 Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04-05 kaađneǩ+N+Sg+Nom lincense vessel/suitsutusastia
• kaađnẹ%^1VOWk%^PALE%^PALK
• kaađne0ǩ00
• :%{XC%}%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK%>e ESS/PAR ; kaađneʹǩǩe-
• +Err/Orth-k-kh:%{XC%}%^PAL%^C2CC%>e ESS/PAR ; kaađneʹkke-
• :%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; kaađneeʹǩǩ
• +Err/Orth-k-kh:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^C2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; kaađneeʹkk kaađneǩ+N+Sg+Gen
• kaađnẹ%^1VOWǩ%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK
• kaađneeʹǩǩ0000
• :%{XC%}%^PALNo%^C2CC%>a SG-ILL ; kaađnẹkka
• :%{XC%}%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; kaađniiʹǩǩin
• kaađnẹ%^1VOW0ǩ%{XC%}%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK%>in
• kaađniiʹǩǩ00000%>in
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK SG-COM_IN ; kaađneeʹǩǩin

• :%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^C2CC%^PALK PL-NOM ; kaađneeʹǩǩ

• Yaml: N-kaadhnekj, N-chaustok

• LEXICON N_KARIES karies:kariẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}s
• LEXICON NMN_KARIES karies:kariẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}s
• similar to N-kaadhnekj, N-chaustok Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04-05 karies+N+Sg+Nom caries/hammasmätä
• kariẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}s
• karie00s
• :%{XC%}%^PAL%^C2CC%>e ESS/PAR ; kaađneʹǩǩe-
• :%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^K2GG SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; kaađneeʹǩǩ
• :%{XC%}%^PALNo%^C2CC%>a SG-ILL ; kaađnẹkka
• :%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^K2GG PL-NOM ; karieeʹzz

Sort of like 10

• LEXICON NMN_VUYSPPOAQD vuâsppåʹd:vuâsppå%^1VOWd
• Yaml: N-kaadhnekj, N-chaustok Ǩiõllkaʹlddi. 2017-04-04-05 vuâsppåʹd+N+Sg+Nom Lord/Herra
• vuâsppå%^1VOW0d%^PAL
• vuâsppå0ʹd0
• :%^V2VV%^PAL%>e ESS/PAR ; Vuâsppååʹde-
• +Err/Orth:%{XC%}%^PAL%^C2CC%>e ESS/PAR ; kaađneʹǩǩe-
• :%^V2VV%^PAL SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; Vuâsppååʹd
• +Err/Orth:%{XC%}%^V2VV%^PAL%^C2CC SG-ABE/ACC/GEN ; Vuâsppååʹdd vuâsppåʹd+N+Sg+Gen
• vuâsppå%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}d%^V2VV%^PAL
• vuâsppååʹd00
• :%^V2VV%>a SG-ILL ; Vuâsppååda
• +Err/Orth:%{XC%}%^PALNo%^C2CC%>a SG-ILL ; kaađnekka
• vuâsppå%^1VOW0d%{XC%}%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^C2CC%>in
• vuâsppooʹdd0000%>in
• :%^V2VV%^PAL PL-NOM ; vuâsppååʹd
• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL PL-OBL ; vuâsppooʹd

Class 11 according to Feist 162

• LEXICON N_VISKKYD viskkâd:viskk

• LEXICON N_MOASHSHAD måššad:måšš inflection_type=”?”vuäʹllad+N:vuäʹlˈl (cf. also A-ORD_NEELLJAD)

• LEXICON N_AQKHKHED âʹǩǩed:âʹǩǩ

Class 12 Feist 163

Noun phrase heads

Pl

Number and case tags

Used with words like juurd: jurddǥatta

POSSESSIVE DECLENSION

HatY-STEM-PX

• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/GenreLeudd:â SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

A-STEM-PX

• +Err/GenreLeudd:a SG-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:a SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:a SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• : N2A_REAEB3H3HAI ; N»A

E-STEM-PX

• +Err/GenreLeudd:e SG-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20

• +Err/GenreLeudd:e SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; Leudd 2018-09-20
• +Err/GenreLeudd:e SG-COM_N ; Leudd 2018-09-20

LOAOADDAZH-STEM-PX

• LEXICON LOAOADDAZH-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL needs checking

VOONYS-STEM-PX

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX võnns-

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-NO-DER võnns-

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-NO-DER-WITHOUT-PAL võnns-

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-NO-DER-WITH-PAL võnns-

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-PL võnns-

• VOONYS-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL ; essive

• LEXICON VOONYS-STEM-PX-STRENGTHEN-WITH-PAL needs checking

• LEXICON N-ALLEGRO_ATTESTED-NOUN-STEM This is for Allegro forms

Adjectives – to be moved

Vowel-final stem for PX

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/nouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-numerals.lexc.md

Inari Saami number <-> text

• LEXICON ARABICCASES adds +Arab

• LEXICON ARABICCASE adds +Arab

• LEXICON ARABICCASE0 adds +Arab

• LEXICON DIGITCASES to distinguish between 0 and oblique

• LEXICON DIGITCASE0

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/numerals.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-pronouns.lexc.md

Skolt Saami Pronoun Morphology

The lexicon PRON_, which is actually not needed, as pronouns get +Pron tag earlier.

• +Nom:ij K ; mij, tij, sij
• +Gen:ij K ; mij, tij, sij
• +Gen+Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Use/SpellNoSugg:iʹjji K ; miʹjji, tiʹjji, siʹjji
• +Acc:iʹjjid K ; miʹjjid, tiʹjjid, siʹjjid
• +Ill:iʹjjid K ; miʹjjid, tiʹjjid, siʹjjid
• +Loc:eeʹst K ; meeʹst, teeʹst, seeʹst
• +Com:ijvuiʹm K ; mijvuiʹm, tijvuiʹm, sijvuiʹm
• +Abe:ijtää K ; mijtää, tijtää, sijtää

Pronouns

Pointing to all the pronominal subgroups

• LEXICON Pronoun
• Demonstrative ;
• jiõčč+Pron+Refl: Reflexive ;
• Interrogative ;
• Relative ; kååʹtt, mii

Personal pronouns

Splitting according to person

Demonstrative pronouns

• LEXICON Demonstrative

• tõt+Pron+Dem:t TOTDEM ; The Epsilon has been removed 2015-05-13

• LEXICON SHORTDEM

• LEXICON LONGDEM

• LEXICON TOTDEM

• LEXICON TIET-AA

• LEXICON -AA

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

jiõčč:

• LEXICON Reflexive

Completion needed 2015-09-19

Interrogative pronouns

LEXICON PRON-INTERR_ is referred to from the xml file, hence does not assign +Pron tag.

• +Interr: # ;

• LEXICON Interrogative is referred to from pronouns.lexc, hence assigns +Pron tag.
• mii+Pron+Interr:m MK ; The Epsilon inserted 2015-02-11

• ǩii+Pron+Interr:ǩ MK ; The Epsilon inserted 2015-02-11

• LEXICON MK

• LEXICON MK-long

• LEXICON MK-short

• LEXICON MK-PL-short

• LEXICON MK-low

• LEXICON INDEF-MK

• LEXICON INDEF-MK-long

• LEXICON INDEF-MK-low-short

• LEXICON INDEF-MK-low

• LEXICON DISTR-MK

• LEXICON DISTR-MK-long

• LEXICON DISTR-MK-low-short

• LEXICON DISTR-MK-low

• LEXICON Relative

• LEXICON Indefinite

• LEXICON Distributive

SPATIAL PRONOUNS

MISC

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/pronouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-propernouns.lexc.md

SKOLT SAAMI PROPERNOUN MORPHOLOGY

THE LEXICON OUTSIDE_LEXICONS ASSIGNS THE TAG +Attr

• LEXICON PROP_1Y_VCC papp:pa%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}pp

• LEXICON PROP_1Y_VKK_VVGG jokk:jo%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk

• LEXICON PROP_1Y_VYXX põrtt:põ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}rtt
• LEXICON PROP_TOP_1Y_VYKK algg:a%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgg

• LEXICON PROP_1Y_VYKK algg:a%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgg

• LEXICON PROP_1Y_VUKK joukk:jo%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}kk

• LEXICON PROP_1Y_VUCC autt:a%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}tt muõrr Ruõšš:Ruõ%{ʹØ%}šˈš

• LEXICON PROP_1E_VVQCC sääʹmm:sää%{ʹØ%}mm

• LEXICON PROP_1Y_VVC plaan:plaa%{ʹØ%}n

• LEXICON PROP_FEDD Fedd:Fẹ%^1VOWdd

• LEXICON PROP_1E_VUQCC jäuʹrr:jä%^1VOWu%{ʹØ%}rr

• LEXICON PROP_TOP_1E_VQKK čåʹǩǩ:čå%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk
• LEXICON PROP_1E_VQKK čåʹǩǩ:čå%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk

• LEXICON PROP_1E_VQCC väʹll:vä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}ll

• LEXICON PROP_TOOBDYLM_mal toobdâlm:toobdâlm

like KÕÕNJÂL

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kidd, N-soll, N-toll, N-vorr strong_geminate, short_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel :%>â ESS ; = * LEXICON PROP_TOOBDYLM_mal tollân strong_geminate, short_vowel, palatalization, high_stem_vowel single_consonant, long_vowel, no_palatalization, high_stem_vowel :%^V2VV%^CC2C SG-ABE/ACC/GEN-PL-NOM ; = * LEXICON PROP_TOOBDYLM_mal tool :%^V2VV%^CC2C SG-COM_IN ; = * LEXICON PROP_TOOBDYLM_mal toolin :%^V2VV%^CC2C PL-OBL ; = * LEXICON PROP_TOOBDYLM_mal tooli, toolid, toolid, toolin, toolivuiʹm, toolitaa

1. WORDS WITH SINGLE-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULARS (2009: 167)

1.1 Sg.Loc in -âst (no vowel shift, all raised)

â-stems (Sg.Loc, Ess, Par).

1.1.1 Sg.Ill vowel -e

1.1.1.1 Has Palatalization

1.1.1.1[1] (Palatalization pattern)

Palatalized: Sg.Ill Not Palatalized: ELSE Sg.Ill in palatalization and -e

1.1.1.1[1].1 Lacks Specifically Pedagogical Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1 Has Orthographic Gradation

1.1.1.1[1].1.1[] (Monophthong + Consonant and Consonant Geminate alternation)

Extra strong grade: Sg.Nom, Ess, Par Extra strong grade: Sg.Ill Weak grade: Pl.Nom, Sg.Loc, Sg.Com

FORMS

• Yaml: N-kuss

R ; = * LEXICON PROP_TOOBDYLM_mal kuss :%>â ESS ; = * LEXICON PROP_TOOBDYLM_mal kussân

• LEXICON PROP_VUYSPPOAQD vuâsppåʹd:vuâsppå%^1VOWd

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/propernouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-smi-propernouns.lexc.md

+Pl+Nom:%>jit K ;

ACCRA-DC ; :%>ji ACCRA-OBL_PLC-ORG ; :%>ji ACCRA-IICASE ;

ACCRA-IICASE ;

These sublexica are irrelevant for SIJTE, but added for the sake of the lexicon MARJA ! Muhto gč. dat kommentára… Imaštallan dan gal veha… Here, we allow for Illative Sijtei

These sublexica are irrelevant for SIJTE, but added for the sake of the lexicon MARJA ! Muhto gč. dat kommentára… Imaštallan dan gal veha…

For Finnish surnames. Itkonen.

For Finnish names with ending -nen. Kaustinen.

Itkosa as the oblique stem. with ordinary genitive Itkonena

Different lexicon for female persons and place names.

Different lexicon for personal surnames. Blind

As aleuhtat, but with a marginal leakage to sg forms in some cases. (substandard?)

• LEXICON RHyph conversion to sms compounding.lexc -type

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/smi-propernouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-symbols.lexc.md

Symbol affixes

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/symbols.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-verbs.lexc.md

Skolt Saami verb morphology

First a lexicon V_ for still unclassified entries.

Irregular verbs

Then irregular verbs ij and the copula.

• LEXICON V-NEG_IJ ij: The lexicon V-NEG_IJ

• +Neg+Ind+Sg1:jiõˈm K ;
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Neg+Ind+Sg1:jim K ;

• +Neg+Ind+Sg2:jiõˈk K ;

• LEXICON IV_LEEQD leeʹd:l
• LEXICON V0_LEEQD leeʹd:l The lexicon V0_LEEQD for the copula

REGULAR VERBS

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON V_1Y_VVCC põõllâd:põõll
• LEXICON V_POOLLYD põõllâd:põõll
• LEXICON IV_POOLLYD põõllâd:põõll
• LEXICON TV_POOLLYD põõllâd:põõll

• LEXICON V0_POOLLYD põõllâd:põõll

• poorrâd # examples:*
• poorrâd: poorrâd+V+Inf
• pooram: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1
• poorak: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg2
• påårr: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3
• poorrâp: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl1
• poorrveʹted: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl2
• påʹrre: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3
• poorât: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg4
• poʹrrem: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg1
• poʹrriǩ: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg2
• poori: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3
• poorim: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prt+Pl1
• poorid: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prt+Pl2
• poʹrre: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3
• poʹrreš: poorrâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg4
• pooržem: poorrâd+V+Pot+Sg1
• pooržiǩ: poorrâd+V+Pot+Sg2
• poorâž: poorrâd+V+Pot+Sg3
• pooržep: poorrâd+V+Pot+Pl1
• pooržid: poorrâd+V+Pot+Pl2
• poorže: poorrâd+V+Pot+Pl3
• pooržet: poorrâd+V+Pot+Sg4
• poorže: poorrâd+V+Pot+ConNeg
• poorčem: poorrâd+V+Cond+Sg1
• poorčiǩ: poorrâd+V+Cond+Sg2
• poorči: poorrâd+V+Cond+Sg3
• poorčim: poorrâd+V+Cond+Pl1
• poorčid: poorrâd+V+Cond+Pl2
• poorče: poorrâd+V+Cond+Pl3
• poorčeš: poorrâd+V+Cond+Sg4
• poorče: poorrâd+V+Cond+ConNeg
• poor: poorrâd+V+Imprt+Sg2
• pååras: poorrâd+V+Imprt+Sg3
• poorrâp: poorrâd+V+Imprt+Pl1
• poorrâd: poorrâd+V+Imprt+Pl2
• pårraz: poorrâd+V+Imprt+Pl3
• porru: poorrâd+V+Imprt+ConNegII
• poorrmen: poorrâd+V+Actio+Ess
• poorrâm: poorrâd+V+Actio
• poorri: poorrâd+V+Act+PrsPrc
• poorrâm: poorrâd+V+Act+PrfPrc
• porrum: poorrâd+V+Pass+PrfPrc
• poorkani: poorrâd+V+VAbess
• pooreen: poorrâd+V+Ger+Ess
• pooreeʹl: poorrâd+V+Ger+Instr

• porškueʹtted: poorrâd+V+Der+Der/InchL+V+Inf

• LEXICON V_LAUKKOOLLYD laukkõõllâd:laukkõõll
• LEXICON IV_LAUKKOOLLYD laukkõõllâd:laukkõõll
• LEXICON TV_LAUKKOOLLYD laukkõõllâd:laukkõõll

• LEXICON V0_LAUKKOOLLYD laukkõõllâd:laukkõõll

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; 1 laukkõõllâd
• +Ind+Prs+Sg3:%^VOWLower K ; laukkââll
• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; 3 laukkâʹlle
• :%^VV2V%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; 4 laukkõʹlle
• :%^CC2C VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; 5 laukkõõl-
• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; 5 ERR laukkõõll-
• +Pot+Sg3:%^CC2C%>âž K ; 6 laukkõõl-
• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^CC2C%>as K ; 7 laukkââlas 2024-06-11 was laukkõõlas ?Feist
• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; 8 laukkõll-
• +Imprt+ConNegII:%^VV2V%>u K ; laukkõllu

• +Imprt+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%>az K ; laukkâllaz

• LEXICON V_1Y_VVKK viikkâd:viikk
• LEXICON IV_1Y_VVKK viikkâd:viikk
• LEXICON TV_1Y_VVKK viikkâd:viikk
• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: viikkâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh
• põõss%>âd

• põõss%>âd

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: veekk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3
• põõss%^VOWLower

• pââss0

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: veʹǩǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3
• põõ0ss%^VV2V%^VOWLower%^PAL%^PALK%>e

• pâ0ʹss000%>e

• :%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: viʹǩǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4
• põõ0ss%^VV2V%^PAL%>e

• põ0ʼss00%>e

• :%^KK2GG VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: viiǥǥâž
• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus
• põõss%^KK2GG%>âž

• põõzz0%>âž

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^KK2GG%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: veeǥǥas Imprt+Sg3
• põõss%^VOWLower%^KK2GG%>as

• pââzz00%>as

• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.ConNegII: vikku Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc
• põõss%^VV2V%>u

• põ0ss0%>u

• +Imprt+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: vekkaz Imprt+Pl3
• põõss%^VV2V%^VOWLower%>az

• pâ0ss00%>az

• põõss%^VV2V%^KK2GAllegro»%{ʼØ%}škuätt

• põ0z000»0škuätt

• LEXICON V_1Y_VVSS koossâd:kooss
• LEXICON IV_1Y_VVSS koossâd:kooss
• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: viikkâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh
• põõss%>âd

• põõss%>âd

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: veekk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3
• põõss%^VOWLower

• pââss0

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: veʹǩǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3
• põõ0ss%^VV2V%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e

• pâ0ʹss000%>e

• :%^VV2V%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: viʹǩǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4
• põõ0ss%^VV2V%^PAL%>e

• põ0ʼss00%>e

• :%^KK2GG VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: viiǥǥâž
• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus
• põõss%^KK2GG%>âž

• põõzz0%>âž

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^KK2GG%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: veeǥǥas Imprt+Sg3
• põõss%^VOWLower%^KK2GG%>as

• pââzz00%>as

• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.ConNegII: vikku Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc
• põõss%^VV2V%>u

• põ0ss0%>u

• +Imprt+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: vekkaz Imprt+Pl3
• põõss%^VV2V%^VOWLower%>az

• pâ0ss00%>az

• põõss%^VV2V%^KK2GAllegro»%{ʼØ%}škuätt

• põ0z000»0škuätt

• viikkâd # examples:*
• viikkâd: viikkâd+V+Inf
• viiǥǥam: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1
• viiǥǥak: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg2
• vẹẹkk: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3
• viikkâp: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl1
• viikkveʹted: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl2
• veʹǩǩe : (Eng. viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3)
• viiǥǥât: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg4
• viʹǩǩem : (Eng. viikkâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg1)
• viʹǩǩiǩ : (Eng. viikkâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg2)
• viiǥǥi: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3
• viiǥǥim: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prt+Pl1
• viiǥǥid: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prt+Pl2
• viʹǩǩe: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3
• viʹǩǩeš: viikkâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg4
• viiǥǥžem: viikkâd+V+Pot+Sg1
• viiǥǥžiǩ: viikkâd+V+Pot+Sg2
• viiǥǥâž: viikkâd+V+Pot+Sg3
• viiǥǥžep: viikkâd+V+Pot+Pl1
• viiǥǥžid : (Eng. viikkâd+V+Pot+Pl2)
• viiǥǥže: viikkâd+V+Pot+Pl3
• viiǥǥžet: viikkâd+V+Pot+Sg4
• viiǥǥčem: viikkâd+V+Cond+Sg1
• viiǥǥčiǩ: viikkâd+V+Cond+Sg2
• viiǥǥči: viikkâd+V+Cond+Sg3
• viiǥǥčim: viikkâd+V+Cond+Pl1
• viiǥǥčid: viikkâd+V+Cond+Pl2
• viiǥǥče: viikkâd+V+Cond+Pl3
• viiǥǥčeš: viikkâd+V+Cond+Sg4
• viiǥǥ: viikkâd+V+Imprt+Sg2
• vẹẹǥǥas: viikkâd+V+Imprt+Sg3
• viikkâp: viikkâd+V+Imprt+Pl1
• viikkâd: viikkâd+V+Imprt+Pl2
• vẹkkaz: viikkâd+V+Imprt+Pl3
• viiǥǥ: viikkâd+V+Imprt+ConNeg
• vikku: viikkâd+V+Imprt+ConNegII
• viikkmen: viikkâd+V+Actio+Ess
• viikkâm: viikkâd+V+Actio
• viikki: viikkâd+V+Act+PrsPrc
• viikkâm: viikkâd+V+Act+PrfPrc
• vikkum: viikkâd+V+Pass+PrfPrc
• viiǥǥkâni: viikkâd+V+VAbess
• viiǥǥeen: viikkâd+V+Ger+Ess
• viiǥǥeeʹl: viikkâd+V+Ger+Instr

• viǥškueʹtted: viikkâd+V+Der+Der/InchL+V+Inf

• LEXICON V_PIYKKLOOCHCHYD piâkklõõččâd:piâkklõõčč
• LEXICON IV_PIYKKLOOCHCHYD piâkklõõččâd:piâkklõõčč
• LEXICON V0_PIYKKLOOCHCHYD piâkklõõččâd:piâkklõõčč

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: piâkklõõččâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: piâkklââčč +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: piâkklâʹčče +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^VV2V%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: piâkklõʹčče +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• : VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: piâkklõõččâž +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: piâkklââččas Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.ConNegII: piâkklõčču Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• +Imprt+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: piâkklâččaz Imprt+Pl3

• LEXICON V_1Y_VKK naggâd:naõ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}gg

• LEXICON IV_1Y_VKK naggâd:naõ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}gg

• LEXICON V_ROVVYD rõvvâd:rõ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}vv
• LEXICON IV_ROVVYD rõvvâd:rõ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}vv
• LEXICON V0_ROVVYD rõvvâd:rõ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}vv

piâkkâd:piâ%{ʹØ%}kˈk

• LEXICON V_1Y_IY/ECCC riâddâd:riâdˈd

• LEXICON V0_1Y_IY/ECCC riâddâd:riâdˈd

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: piõgˈgâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: peâgˈg +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PALÄ%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: peäʹǧˈǧe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: piõʹǧˈǧe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^CCC2CC VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Ind.Imprt.Sg2: piõgg Ind.Pot.Sg3: piõggâž +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^CCC2CC%>as K ; (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: peâggas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: piõgˈgu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower K ; (9) Imprt.Pl3: peâgˈgaz +Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: piõg»

• LEXICON V_1Y_VWKKK piõggâd:piõgˈg
• LEXICON V0_1Y_VWKKK piõggâd:piõgˈg

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: piõgˈgâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: peâgˈg +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PALÄ%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: peäʹǧˈǧe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: piõʹǧˈǧe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^CCC2CC VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Ind.Imprt.Sg2: piõgg Ind.Pot.Sg3: piõggâž +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^CCC2CC%>as K ; (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: peâggas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: piõgˈgu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower K ; (9) Imprt.Pl3: peâgˈgaz +Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: piõg»

• LEXICON V_KHIOCHCHCHYD ǩiõččâd:ǩiõčˈč
• LEXICON V0_KHIOCHCHCHYD ǩiõččâd:ǩiõčˈč

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: ǩiõčˈčâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower%^PALÄ VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: ǩeäčˈč +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PALÄ%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: ǩeäʹčˈče +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: ǩiõʹčˈče +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^CCC2CC VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Ind.Imprt.Sg2: ǩiõčč Ind.Pot.Sg3: ǩiõččâž +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^PALÄ%^CCC2CC%>as K ; (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: ǩeäččas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: ǩiõčˈču Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower K ; (9) Imprt.Pl3: ǩeäčˈčaz +Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: ǩiõč»

• LEXICON V_1Y_IY/ECC piâssâd:piâss
• LEXICON TV_1Y_IY/ECC piâssâd:piâss

• LEXICON V0_1Y_IY/ECC piâssâd:piâss

• LEXICON V_1Y_IOCC riõššâd:riõ%{ʹØ%}šš
• LEXICON IV_1Y_IOCC riõššâd:riõ%{ʹØ%}šš

• LEXICON V0_1Y_IOCC riõššâd:riõ%{ʹØ%}šš

• LEXICON V_1Y_IOKK čiõkkâd:čiõ%{ʹØ%}kk

• LEXICON V0_1Y_IOKK čiõkkâd:čiõkk

• LEXICON V_HUOLLYD huõllâd:huõll
• LEXICON IV_HUOLLYD huõllâd:huõll
• LEXICON TV_HUOLLYD huõllâd:huõll
• LEXICON V0_HUOLLYD huõllâd:huõll

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: huõllâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: huâll +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: hueʹlˈle +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: huõʹlˈle +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^CC2C VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: huõlâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^CC2C%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: huõlas Imprt+Sg3

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.ConNegII: huõlˈlu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower%^CC2CCC%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: huâlˈlaz Imprt+Pl3

• :%^CC2CAllegro FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: huõl»

• LEXICON V_SIORRYD siõrrâd:siõ%{ʹØ%}rr
• LEXICON IV_SIORRYD siõrrâd:siõ%{ʹØ%}rr
• LEXICON TV_SIORRYD siõrrâd:siõ%{ʹØ%}rr
• LEXICON V0_SIORRYD siõrrâd:siõ%{ʹØ%}rr

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: siõrrâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: seârr +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PALÄ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: seäʹrˈre siõrrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL%^CC2CCC VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: siõʹrˈre +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^CC2C VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: siõrâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^CC2C%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: siõras Imprt+Sg3

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.ConNegII: siõrˈru Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower%^CC2CCC%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: seârˈraz Imprt+Pl3

• :%^CC2CAllegro FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: siõr»

• LEXICON V_SUOAPPYD suåppâd:suå%{ʹØ%}pp
• LEXICON V0_SUOAPPYD suåppâd:suå%{ʹØ%}pp

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: suåppâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: suäpp +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: suäʹpˈpe +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: sueʹpˈpe +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^CC2C VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: suåvâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^CC2C%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: suävas Imprt+Sg3

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.ConNegII: suåpˈpu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^CC2CCC%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: suäpˈpaz Imprt+Pl3

• :%^CC2CAllegro FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: suåv»

(1) Inf: aibbâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2,9) Ind.Prs.Sg3: äibb +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: äiʹbbe +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: aiʹbbe +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: aaibâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: ääibas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: aibbu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: aib»

• LEXICON V_1Y_VUCC aibbâd:aibb
• LEXICON IV_1Y_VUCC aibbâd:aibb

• LEXICON V0_1Y_VUCC aibbâd:aibb (1) Inf: aibbâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2,9) Ind.Prs.Sg3: äibb +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: äiʹbbe +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: aiʹbbe +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: aaibâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: ääibas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: aibbu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: aib»

• LEXICON V_1Y_VYKK kalggâd:ka%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgg
• LEXICON IV_1Y_VYKK kalggâd:ka%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgg
• LEXICON TV_1Y_VYKK kalggâd:ka%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}lgg

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: tobddâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2,9) Ind.Prs.Sg3: tåbdd +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: tåʹbdde +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: toʹbdde +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: toobdâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: tååbdas

• +Err/Orth:%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX CONDITIONAL ;
  Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: tobddu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: tobd»

• LEXICON V_1Y_VYXX tobddâd:to%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}bdd
• LEXICON TV_1Y_VYXX tobddâd:to%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}bdd
• LEXICON V0_1Y_VYXX tobddâd:to%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}bdd

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: tobddâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2,9) Ind.Prs.Sg3: tåbdd +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: tåʹbdde +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: toʹbdde +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: toobdâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: tååbdas

• +Err/Orth:%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX CONDITIONAL ;
  Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: tobddu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: tobd»

• LEXICON V_OHTTYD õhttâd:õhtt
• LEXICON IV_OHTTYD õhttâd:õhtt
• LEXICON V0_OHTTYD õhttâd:õ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: õhttâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2,9) Ind.Prs.Sg3: âhtt +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: âʹhtte +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: õʹhtte +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2VX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Pot.Sg3: õõutâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2VX%>as K ; (7) Imprt.Sg3: ââutas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: õhttu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^YXX2VX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: õut»

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: kuõskkâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: kuâskk +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PALE%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: kueʹsǩǩe (allophonic) +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: kuõʹsǩǩe +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Ind.Pot.Sg3: kuõskâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%>as K ; (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: kuâskas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: kuõskku Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: kuâskkaz Imprt+Pl3

• :%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: kuõsk»

• LEXICON V_1Y_VWYKK kuõskkâd:kuõskk
• LEXICON V0_1Y_VWYKK kuõskkâd:kuõskk

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: kuõskkâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: kuâskk +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: kueʹsǩǩe (allophonic) +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: kuõʹsǩǩe +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Ind.Pot.Sg3: kuõskâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%>as K ; (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: kuâskas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: kuõskku Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: kuâskkaz Imprt+Pl3

• :%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: kuõsk»

• LEXICON V_CHIOHTTYD čiõhttâd:čiõ%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt
• LEXICON IV_CHIOHTTYD čiõhttâd:čiõ%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt
• LEXICON V0_CHIOHTTYD čiõhttâd:čiõ%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: čiõhttâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: čeâhtt +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: kueʹsǩǩe (allophonic) +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: kuõʹsǩǩe +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^YXX2VX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Ind.Pot.Sg3: čuõutâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^YXX2VX%>as K ; (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: čeâutas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: čiõhttu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: čeâhttaz Imprt+Pl3

• :%^YXX2VX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: čiõut»

• LEXICON V_1Y_IY/EYXX viârmmâd:viâ%{ʹØ%}rmm

• LEXICON V0_1Y_IY/EYXX viârmmâd:viâ%{ʹØ%}rmm

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: sǩiâŋkkâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: sǩeäŋkk +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: sǩeäʹŋǩǩe +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: sǩieʹŋǩǩe +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Ind.Pot.Sg3: sǩiâŋkâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%>as K ; (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: sǩeäŋkas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: sǩiâŋkku Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: sǩeäŋkkaz Imprt+Pl3

• :%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: sǩiâŋk»

• LEXICON V_1Y_IY/EYKK sǩiâŋkkâd:sǩiâ%{ʹØ%}ŋkk

• LEXICON V0_1Y_IY/EYKK sǩiâŋkkâd:sǩiâŋkk

• : VSUF-INF_YD ; (1) Inf: sǩiâŋkkâd V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_YD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: sǩeäŋkk +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Imprt+Pl3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: sǩeäʹŋǩǩe +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_YD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: sǩieʹŋǩǩe +Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) Ind.Pot.Sg3: sǩiâŋkâž

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD ; (5-6) ERR +Ind+Prs+Sg1, +Ind+Prs+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+Sg4 Imprt+Sg2, Imprt+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot, Cond, +Der+Der/Caus

• +Imprt+Sg3:%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%>as K ; (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: sǩeäŋkas Imprt+Sg3

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_YD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: sǩiâŋkku Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• :%^VOWLower%>az K ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: sǩeäŋkkaz Imprt+Pl3

• :%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) Allegro for incoative: sǩiâŋk»

• LEXICON V_1Y_VWUKK čuõiggâd:čuõigg

• LEXICON V0_1Y_VWUKK čuõiggâd:čuõigg

• LEXICON V_1Y_VWUCC suõimmâd:suõi%{ʹØ%}mm, piõullâd:piõu%{ʹØ%}ll

• LEXICON V0_1Y_VWUCC čuõiggâd:čuõigg

• LEXICON V_LAADDYD laaddâd:laadd
• LEXICON IV_LAADDYD laaddâd:laadd

• LEXICON V0_LAADDYD laaddâd:laadd

• LEXICON V_DOOIDYD võõidâd:võõid

• LEXICON V0_DOOIDYD võõidâd:võõid

• LEXICON V_CHIISTYD čiistâd:čiist

• LEXICON V0_CHIISTYD čiistâd:čiist

• LEXICON V_SLUUZHYD sluužâd:sluuž

• LEXICON V0_SLUUZHYD sluužâd:sluuž

• LEXICON V_PLIYSNYD pliâsnâd:pliâsn

• LEXICON V0_PLIYSNYD pliâsnâd:pliâsn

• LEXICON V_SUUDYD suudâd:suud
• LEXICON V0_SUUDYD suudâd:suud

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION

Even-syllable stems in -AD

• LEXICON V_1A_VVCC teevvad:teevv
• LEXICON V_TEEVVAD teevvad:teevv
• LEXICON IV_TEEVVAD teevvad:teevv
• LEXICON TV_TEEVVAD teevvad:teevv

• LEXICON V0_TEEVVAD teevvad:teevv

• LEXICON V_POAOASSAD pååssad:pååss
• LEXICON V0_POAOASSAD pååssad:pååss

(1) +V+Inf: tättad (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: tätt (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: tätta (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: tattu (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: täätt (5) ERR (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: täättas (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: tattu

• : VSUF-INF_AD ; (1) +V+Inf: heârrad
• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_AD ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: heârr
• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^CC2CCC%>a K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: heârˈra
• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_AD ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: hiõrˈru
• +Imprt+Sg3:%^CC2C%>as K ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: heâras
• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_AD ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: heârˈru

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_AD ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: heârˈraz

• LEXICON V_VUAGGGAD vuägˈgad:vuägˈg
• LEXICON IV_VUAGGGAD vuägˈgad:vuägˈg

• LEXICON V0_VUAGGGAD vuägˈgad:vuägˈg

• LEXICON V_1A_VUCC läullad:läull
• LEXICON V_LAEULLAD läullad:läull
• LEXICON IV_LAEULLAD läullad:läull
• LEXICON V0_LAEULLAD läullad:läull

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• : VSUF-INF_AD ; (1) +V+Inf: läullad V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc Ind.Prt.ConNeg, Imprt+Pl3, PrfPrc NomAct in MOsh

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_AD ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: läull +Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%>a K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: läulla +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_AD ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: laullu +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-No-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) lääul Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-StableVowel-No-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-I-POTKOND_AD ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: lääulež
• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_AD ; (6) ERR Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LowVowel-No-palatalization Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_AD ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: laullu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_AD ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: läullaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: läul»

• LEXICON V_1A_VYXX särnnad:sä%^1VOWrnn
• LEXICON V_SARNNAD särnnad:sä%^1VOWrnn
• LEXICON IV_SARNNAD särnnad:sä%^1VOWrnn

• LEXICON V0_SARNNAD särnnad:sä%^1VOWrnn

• : VSUF-INF_AD ; (1) Inf: särnnad V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Ind+Prt+ConNeg Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc, NomAct in MOsh

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_AD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: särnn +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%>a K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: särnna +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_AD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: sarnnu +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-I-POTKOND_AD ; (5-7) +Imprt+Sg2: säärn

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_AD ; (5-7) ERR Imprt+ConNeg, Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2 +Ger, +VAbess, +Pot, +Cond, +Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_AD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: sarnnu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_AD ; (9) särnnaz +Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: särn»

V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Ind+Prt+ConNeg Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc, NomAct in MOsh

+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3

+Ind+Prs+Pl3

+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Imprt+ConNeg, Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2 +Ger, +VAbess, +Pot, +Cond, +Imprt+Sg3

Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

+Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: peit»

• LEXICON V_POAHSSAD påhssad:på%^1VOWhss

• LEXICON V0_POAHSSAD påhssad:på%^1VOWhss

• : VSUF-INF_AD ; (1) Inf: påhssad V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Ind+Prt+ConNeg Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc, NomAct in MOsh

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_AD ; (2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: påhss +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%>a K ; (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: påhssa +Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_AD ; (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: pohssu +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2VX VSUF-I-POTKOND_AD ; (5-7) +Imprt+Sg2: pååus

• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1: VSUF-I-POTKOND_AD ; (5-7) ERR Imprt+ConNeg, Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2 +Ger, +VAbess, +Pot, +Cond, +Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_AD ; (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: pohssu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_AD ; (9) påhssaz +Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: påus»

• LEXICON V_KUAEIVVAD kuäivvad:kuäivv
• LEXICON IV_KUAEIVVAD kuäivvad:kuäivv
• LEXICON TV_KUAEIVVAD kuäivvad:kuäivv

• LEXICON V0_KUAEIVVAD kuäivvad:kuäivv

• LEXICON V_KUAESTTAD kuästtad:kuästt
• LEXICON IV_KUAESTTAD kuästtad:kuästt
• LEXICON TV_KUAESTTAD kuästtad:kuästt
• LEXICON V0_KUAESTTAD kuästtad:kuästt

(2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: kuästt (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: kuästta (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: kuõsttu (5) Ind.Imprt.Sg2: kuäst- (5) ERR (7) Imprt.Sg3: kuästas (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: kuõsttu

• LEXICON V_KUYISSAD kuâissad:kuâivv

• LEXICON V0_KUYISSAD kuâivvad:kuâivv

• LEXICON V_VEYHSSAD veâhssad:veâhss
• LEXICON V0_VEYHSSAD veâhssad:veâhss

(2) Ind.Prs.Sg3: veâhss (3) Ind.Prs.Pl3: veâhssa (4) Ind.Prt.Pl3: viõhssu (5) Ind.Imprt.Sg2: veâus- (5) ERR (7) Ind.Imprt.Sg3: veâusas (8) Imprt.13.ConNeg: viõhssu

• LEXICON V_MEINNAD meinnad:meinn

• LEXICON V0_MEINNAD meinnad:meinn

• LEXICON V_REIDDAD reiddad:rẹ%^1VOWidd
• LEXICON V0_REIDDAD reiddad:rẹ%^1VOWidd

CLASS 1 HIGH VOWEL, PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON TV_MUQTTED muʹtted:mutt
• LEXICON V0_MUQTTED muʹtted:mutt

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: muʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: mott +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: moʹtte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: muʹtte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) muuʹtt- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Imprt+Sg2: muuʹtt Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: moottas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: muttu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: mottaz Imprt+Pl3

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: muʹtti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: muutt

• LEXICON V_PUUQTTED puuʹtted:puutt
• LEXICON V0_PUUQTTED puuʹtted:puutt

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: puuʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: poott +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: poʹtte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: puʹtte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWLower%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) pooʹđ- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Imprt+Sg2: puuʹđ Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower%^CC2C VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: poođas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: puttu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWLower VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: pottaz Imprt+Pl3

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: puuʹtti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^CC2C VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: puuđ-

• LEXICON V_LAQDDED laʹdded:ladd
• LEXICON V0_LAQDDED laʹdded:ladd Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: laʹdded V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: lädd +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: läʹdde +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: laʹdde +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) laaʹdd- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Imprt+Sg2: laaʹdd Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: lääddas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: laddu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: läddaz Imprt+Pl3

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: laʹddi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: laadd-

• LEXICON V_VUEQTTED vueʹtted:vuâtt
• LEXICON TV_VUEQTTED vueʹtted:vuâtt
• LEXICON V0_VUEQTTED vueʹtted:vuâtt like: V_JUEQKHKHED

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) lieʹđđed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) leâđđ +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALÄ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) leäʹđˈđe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) liõʹđˈđe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) lieʹđ- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ger.Temp.PxSg3: jeäʹleeʹstes

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6 lieʹđež
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6 liõʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2C%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) leâđ- Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8 liõđđu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization (9)

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; leâđˈđaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10) lieʹđ»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) liõʹđđi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2C VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: liõđ-

• Yaml: V-juekked Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: jueʹǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: juâkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: juẹʹǩˈǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: juõʹǩˈǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^KK2GG VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) jueʹjj- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^KK2GG%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! juõʹjjež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^KK2GG VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: juâǥǥas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: juõkˈku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: juâkˈkaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: jueʹj» Secondary allegro for incoative: juâǥ»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: juõʹǩǩi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: juõǥǥ

• LEXICON V_1E_UY/EQKK jueʹǩǩed:juâ%{ʹØ%}kk
• LEXICON V0_1E_UY/EQKK jueʹǩǩed:juâ%{ʹØ%}kk
• Yaml: V-juekked Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: jueʹǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: juâkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: juẹʹǩˈǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: juõʹǩˈǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) jueʹjj- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! juõʹjjež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^KK2GG VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: juâǥǥas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: juõkˈku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: juâkˈkaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: jueʹj» Secondary allegro for incoative: juâǥ»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^PALK%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: juõʹǩǩi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: juõǥǥ

• LEXICON V_KUEQDDDED kueʹdded:kuâdˈd
• LEXICON TV_KUEQDDDED kueʹdded:kuâdˈd
• LEXICON V0_KUEQDDDED kueʹdded:kuâdˈd like: V_JUEQKHKHED

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) kueʹdˈded V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) kuâdˈd +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALE%^PAL%>e K ; (3) kueʹdˈde +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) kuõʹdˈde +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) kueʹdd- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ger.Temp.PxSg3: jeäʹleeʹstes

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CCC2CC%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) kuõʹddež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CCC2CC%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) kuâdd- Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) kuõdˈdu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization (9)

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; kuâdˈdaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10) kueʹd»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) kuõʹdˈdi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: kuõdd-

• LEXICON V_SHIEQTTTED šieʹtted:kuâdˈd
• LEXICON V0_SHIEQTTTED šieʹtted:šeâtˈt like: V_SHIEQTTTED

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) šieʹtˈted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) šeâtˈt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALE%^PAL%>e K ; (3) šieʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) šiõʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) šieʹtt- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ger.Temp.PxSg3: jeäʹleeʹstes

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) šieʹttež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CCC2CC%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) šeâtt- Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) šiõtˈtu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization (9)

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; šeâtˈtaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10) šieʹt»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) šiõʹtˈti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: šiõtt-

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: juʹrdded V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: jordd +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: juʹrdde +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) juuʹrd Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: juuʹrdež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: joordas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: jurddu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: jorddaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: juʹrd»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL%^PALK FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: juʹrddi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: juurd-

• LEXICON V_1E_UQYXX juʹrdded:ju%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}rdd
• LEXICON TV_1E_UQYXX juʹrdded:ju%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}rdd
• LEXICON V0_1E_UQYXX juʹrdded:ju%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}rdd Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: juʹrdded V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: jordd +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: juʹrdde +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) juuʹrd Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: juuʹrdež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: joordas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: jurddu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: jorddaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: juʹrd»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: juʹrddi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: juurd-

• LEXICON V_PUQHTTED puʹhtted:pu%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt
• LEXICON V0_PUQHTTED puʹhtted:pu%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: puʹhtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: pohtt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: poʹhtte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: puʹhtte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^YXX2VX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) puuʹt
• +Use/NG+Err/Orth:%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^PAL%^YXX2VX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) poouʹt Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2VX VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: puuʹtež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2VX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: pooutas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: puhttu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWLower VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: pohttaz ?? Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: puʹht»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: puʹhtti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^YXX2VX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: puut-

• LEXICON V_UQVDDED uʹvdded:u%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}v%{ʹØ%}dd
• LEXICON TV_UQVDDED uʹvdded:u%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}v%{ʹØ%}dd
• LEXICON V0_UQVDDED uʹvdded:u%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}v%{ʹØ%}dd Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: uʹvdded V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization xyy2Vyy

• :%^VOWLower%^YXX2VXX VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: oudd +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization xyy2Vyy

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VOWLower%^PAL%^YXX2VXX%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ouʹdde +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: uʹvdde +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^YXX2VX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) uuʹd Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^YXX2VX%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! uuʹdež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWLower%^YXX2VX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: ooudas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: uvddu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization xyy2Vyy

• :%^VOWLower%^YXX2VXX VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: ouddaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: uʹvd»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+PrsPrc: uʹvddi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^YXX2VX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: uud-

• LEXICON V_TIEQTTED tieʹtted:teâtt
• LEXICON V0_TIEQTTED tieʹtted:teâtt
• Yaml: V-tietted Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: tieʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: teâtt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALÄ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: teäʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: tiõʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) tieʹđ- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! tiõʹđež
• +Use/NG+Err/Orth:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! tieʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2C VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: teâđas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: tiõtˈtu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: teâtˈtaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: tieʹđ»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: tiõʹtˈti
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: tieʹtˈti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2C VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: tiõđ-

• LEXICON V_KHIEQLDDED ǩieʹldded:teâtt
• LEXICON V0_KHIEQLDDED ǩieʹldded:teâtt
• Yaml: V-tietted Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: ǩieʹldded V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-Low-Vowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: teâtt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALÄ%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ǩeäʹldde +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: ǩiõʹldde +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) tieʹđ- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! tieʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^YXX2YX VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: ǩeâldas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: ǩiõlddu Imprt+ConNegII, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: ǩeâlddaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: ǩieʹld»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: ǩiõʹlddi
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: ǩieʹlddi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: ǩiõld-

• LEXICON V_SUIQTTED suiʹtted:suitt
• LEXICON V0_SUIQTTED suiʹtted:suitt

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11)

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: suuit-

• LEXICON V_1E_UY/EQYXX vueʹrdded:vuârdd
• LEXICON V0_1E_UY/EQYXX vueʹrdded:vuârdd YXX-HighVowel-Palatalization Height=0, PAL=+, V=0, C=0, âae=e
• :%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: vueʹlǧǧed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

YXX-HighVowel-No-palatalization Height=0, PAL=-, V=0, C=0, âae=e

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: vuâlgg +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

YXX-HighVowel-Palatalization !lowered Height=-, PAL=+, V=-, C=+, âae=e

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALE%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: vueʹlǧǧe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

YXX-RaisedVowel-Palatalization Height=+, PAL=+, V=-, C=+, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: vuõʹlǧǧe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

2YX-StableV-Palatalization Height=0, PAL=+, V=+, C=-, âae=e

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: vueʹlj Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

2YX-RaisedVowel-Palatalization Height=+, PAL=+, V=+, C=-, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! vuõʹljež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

2YX-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization Height=0, PAL=-, V=+, C=-, âae=e

• :%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: vuâlǥas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

YXX-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization Height=+, PAL=-, V=-, C=+, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: vuõlggu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

YXX-HighVowel-No-palatalization Height=-, PAL=-, V=-, C=+, âae=e

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: vuâlggaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: vueʹlj» Height=0, PAL=+, V=-, C=-, âae=e

(11) Present Participle: Height=+, PAL=+, V=0, C=0, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (4) +V+Act+PrsPrc: vuõʹlǧǧi
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (4) +V+Act+PrsPrc: vuõʹlǧǧi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization Height=+, PAL=-, V=+, C=-, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: vuõlǥ-

(13) vuõlggled, joottled -Âled be about to leave Height=+, PAL=-, V=0, C=0, âae=e

• LEXICON V_1E_UY/EQYKK vueʹlǧǧed:vuâlgg
• LEXICON IV_1E_UY/EQYKK vueʹlǧǧed:vuâlgg 1.e. 1c
• Yaml: V-juekked YXX-HighVowel-Palatalization Height=0, PAL=+, V=0, C=0, âae=e
• :%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: vueʹlǧǧed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

YXX-HighVowel-No-palatalization Height=0, PAL=-, V=0, C=0, âae=e

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: vuâlgg +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

YXX-HighVowel-Palatalization !lowered Height=-, PAL=+, V=-, C=+, âae=e

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: vueʹlǧǧe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

YXX-RaisedVowel-Palatalization Height=+, PAL=+, V=-, C=+, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: vuõʹlǧǧe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

2YX-StableV-Palatalization Height=0, PAL=+, V=+, C=-, âae=e

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: vueʹlj Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

2YX-RaisedVowel-Palatalization Height=+, PAL=+, V=+, C=-, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! vuõʹljež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

2YX-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization Height=0, PAL=-, V=+, C=-, âae=e

• :%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: vuâlǥas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

YXX-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization Height=+, PAL=-, V=-, C=+, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: vuõlggu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

YXX-HighVowel-No-palatalization Height=-, PAL=-, V=-, C=+, âae=e

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: vuâlggaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: vueʹlj» Height=0, PAL=+, V=-, C=-, âae=e

(11) Present Participle: Height=+, PAL=+, V=0, C=0, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (4) +V+Act+PrsPrc: vuõʹlǧǧi
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (4) +V+Act+PrsPrc: vuõʹlǧǧi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization Height=+, PAL=-, V=+, C=-, âae=e

• :%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: vuõlǥ-

(13) vuõlggled, joottled -Âled be about to leave Height=+, PAL=-, V=0, C=0, âae=e

• LEXICON V_VUEQHSSED vueʹhssed:vuâhss
• LEXICON V0_VUEQHSSED vueʹhssed:vuâhss 1.e. 1c
• Yaml: V-juekked YXX-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: vueʹhssed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

YXX-HighVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: vuâhss +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

YXX-HighVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PALE%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: vueʹhsse +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

YXX-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: vuõʹhsse +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

2YX-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2VX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: vueuʹs Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

2YX-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2VX%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! vuõuʹsež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

2YX-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^YXX2VX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: vuâusas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

YXX-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: vuõhssu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

YXX-HighVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: vuâhssaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: vueuʹs»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: vuõʹhssi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^YXX2VX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: vuõus-

CLASS 1 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION

EVEN-SYLLABLE STEMS IN -ED

• LEXICON V_1E_VQKK câʹǩǩed:câ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk
• LEXICON V0_1E_VQKK câʹǩǩed:câ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}kk ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: käʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: kätt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

Strong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: käʹtte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: joʹtte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Strong-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: kääʹtt Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Strong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: kaaʹttež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Strong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: käättas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: sollõttu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: kättaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: käʹđ»

• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg:%^PAL%>e FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; largo

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: solõʹtti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: solõõtt-

• LEXICON V_1E_VQCC käʹtted:kätt
• LEXICON IV_1E_VQCC käʹtted:kätt
• LEXICON TV_1E_VQCC käʹtted:kätt
• LEXICON V0_1E_VQCC käʹtted:kätt ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: käʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: kätt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

Strong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: käʹtte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: joʹtte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Strong-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: kääʹtt Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Strong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: kaaʹttež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Strong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: käättas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: sollõttu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: kättaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: käʹđ»

• +Use/NGminip+Use/SpellNoSugg:%^PAL%>e FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; largo

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: solõʹtti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: solõõtt-

• LEXICON V_JOAQTTED jååʹtted:jåått
• LEXICON IV_JOAQTTED jååʹtted:jåått
• LEXICON TV_JOAQTTED jååʹtted:jåått
• LEXICON V0_JOAQTTED jååʹtted:jåått Strong-LowVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: jååʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: jåått +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: jåʹtte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: joʹtte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: jooʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2C VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: jååđas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: jottu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: jåttaz Imprt+Pl3

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: jooʹtti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2C VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: joođ-

• LEXICON V_KHEQTTED ǩeʹtted:ǩeâtt
• LEXICON V0_KHEQTTED ǩeʹtted:ǩeâtt ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization
• :%^VV2V%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: ǩeʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: ǩeâtt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

Strong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ǩeʹtte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization CHECKME = 2015-10-11

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: ǩiʹtte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Strong-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PALE%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: ǩeeʹtt Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Strong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALI%^PAL VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: kiiʹttež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Strong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: ǩeâttas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: ǩittu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: keâttaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: keʹt»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: ǩiʹtti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: ǩiitt

• LEXICON IV_KOAQCCED kååʹcced:kååcc
• LEXICON V0_KOAQCCED kååʹcced:kååcc Strong-LowVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: kååʹcced V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: kååcc +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: kåʹcce +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: koʹcce +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^KK2GG VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: kooʹʒʒež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^KK2GG VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: kååʒʒas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: koccu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: kåccaz Imprt+Pl3

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (4) +V+Act+PrsPrc: kooʹcci

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: kooʒʒ-

• LEXICON V_1E_VQYKK ceʹpcced:cẹpcc
• LEXICON V0_1E_VQYKK ceʹpcced:cẹpcc ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: ceʹpcced V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: cepcc +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc, NomAct in MOsh

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ceʹpcce +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: ciʹpcce +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) ceeʹpc- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: ciiʹpcež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: ceepcas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: cipccu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: cepssaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: ceʹps»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: ciʹpcci

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: ciipc-

• LEXICON V_1E_VQYXX ceʹpcced:cepcc
• LEXICON IV_1E_VQYXX ceʹpcced:cepcc
• LEXICON TV_1E_VQYXX ceʹpcced:cepcc
• LEXICON V0_1E_VQYXX ceʹpcced:cepcc ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: ceʹpcced V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: cepcc +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc, NomAct in MOsh

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ceʹpcce +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: ciʹpcce +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^PAL%^YXX2YX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) ceeʹpc- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: ciiʹpcež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: ceepcas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: cipccu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: cepssaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: ceʹps»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: ciʹpcci

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: ciipc-

• LEXICON V_1E_EAQKKK reäʹǧǧed:reä%{ʹØ%}gˈg
• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: veäʹdˈded V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: veädd +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: veäʹdˈde +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^PALK%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: vieʹdˈde +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) viẹʹdd Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%^PALK%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: vieʹddež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CCC2CC%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: veäddas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: viâdˈdu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: veädˈdaz Imprt+Pl3

(11) Present Participle:

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: viâdd-

• LEXICON V_1E_EAQCCC veäʹdded:veä%{ʹØ%}dˈd
• LEXICON V0_1E_EAQCCC veäʹdded:veä%{ʹØ%}dˈd
• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: veäʹdˈded V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LowVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: veädd +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LowVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: veäʹdˈde +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: vieʹdˈde +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PALẸ%^PAL%^CCC2CC VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) viẹʹdd Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CCC2CC%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: vieʹddež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CCC2CC%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: veäddas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: viâdˈdu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: veädˈdaz Imprt+Pl3

(11) Present Participle:

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: viâdd-

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: kââʹǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: kââkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: kâʹǩǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%^PAL VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: kõʹǩǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^KK2GG VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) kââʹjj Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: kõõʹjjež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^KK2GG%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: kââǥǥas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: kõkku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: kâkkaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: kâʹǩ»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) kõõʹǩǩi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: kõõǥǥ-

• LEXICON V_1E_VVQKK kââʹǩǩed:kââ%{ʹØ%}kk
• LEXICON V0_1E_VVQKK kââʹǩǩed:kââ%{ʹØ%}kk Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: kââʹǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: kââkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^VV2V%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: kâʹǩǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: kõʹǩǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) kââʹjj Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: kõõʹjjež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^KK2GG%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: kââǥǥas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: kõkku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VV2V VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: kâkkaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: kâʹǩ»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) kõõʹǩǩi

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: kõõǥǥ-

• LEXICON V_PUEAQTTED pueʹtted:puätt
• LEXICON IV_PUEAQTTED pueʹtted:puätt
• LEXICON V0_PUEAQTTED pueʹtted:puätt

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) puẹʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) puätt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) puäʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) pueʹtˈte
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) puõʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) puäʹđ- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6 pueʹđež
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6 puõʹđež
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRT-SG3-PL1-PL2_ ; ( puõʹđi
• +Pot+Sg3:%^PAL%^CC2C%>ež K ; (6 puäʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2C%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) puäđ- Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (5 ?2 ?7) puäʹđ-

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8 puõttu
• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8 puåttu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization (9)

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; puätˈtaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10)

(11) Present Participle:

• +Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) pueʹtti
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) puõʹtti

(12) Weak-RaisedVowel-NoPalatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2C VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: puåđ

• LEXICON V_SHKUEAQTTED škueʹtted:puätt
• LEXICON IV_SHKUEAQTTED škueʹtted:puätt
• LEXICON TV_SHKUEAQTTED škueʹtted:puätt
• LEXICON V0_SHKUEAQTTED pueʹtted:puätt

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) puẹʹtted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) puätt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) puäʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) pueʹtˈte
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2CCC VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) puõʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) puäʹđ- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6 pueʹđež
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6 puõʹđež
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRT-SG3-PL1-PL2_ ; ( puõʹđi
• +Pot+Sg3:%^PAL%^CC2C%>ež K ; (6 puäʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2C VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) puäđ- Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (5 ?2 ?7) puäʹđ-

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8 puõttu
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8 puåttu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization (9)

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; puätˈtaz Imprt+Pl3

No Allegro (10) 2015-12-04 :%^VOWLower%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%>e FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ;

(11) Present Participle:

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) pueʹtti

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) puõʹtti

• LEXICON IV_JIEAQLLED jieʹlled:jeä%{ʹØ%}ll
• LEXICON V0_JIEAQLLED jieʹlled:jeä%{ʹØ%}ll like: V_PIEAQKHKHED

Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) jiẹʹlled V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) jeäll +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) jeäʹlˈle +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) jieʹlˈle
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) jiõʹlˈle +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) jeäʹl- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ger.Temp.PxSg3: jeäʹleeʹstes

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6 jieʹlež

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRT-SG3-PL1-PL2_ ; ( jiõʹli
• +Pot+Sg3:%^PAL%^CC2C%>ež K ; (6 puäʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2C%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) jeäl- Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^PAL%^CC2C%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (5 ?2 ?7) jeäʹl-

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8 jiâllu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization (9)

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; jeälˈlaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10)

• :%^PAL%^CC2CAllegro%>e FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; jeäʹle

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) jieʹlli
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) jiõʹlli

(12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2C VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_1E_EA/EQCC ǩieʹssed:ǩeä%{ʹØ%}ss
• LEXICON V0_1E_EA/EQCC ǩieʹssed:ǩeä%{ʹØ%}ss
• Yaml: V-piekked Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: piẹʹǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: peäkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: peäʹǩˈǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: pieʹǩˈǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^KK2GG VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) piẹʹjj- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ger.Temp.PxSg3: peäʹjjeeʹstes

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^KK2GG%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! pieʹjjež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^KK2GG VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: peäǥǥas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: piâkˈku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: peäkˈkaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: pieʹj» 2015-09-03 IS THIS CORRECT

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: pieʹǩǩi

(12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_1E_EA/EQKK pieʹǩǩed:peäkk
• LEXICON V0_1E_EA/EQKK pieʹǩǩed:peäkk
• Yaml: V-piekked Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED_NO_mOsh ; (1) +V+Inf: piẹʹǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: peäkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: peäʹǩˈǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%^PALK%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: pieʹǩˈǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) piẹʹjj- Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr Ger.Temp.PxSg3: peäʹjjeeʹstes

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^KK2GG%^PALK%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: !! pieʹjjež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^KK2GG VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: peäǥǥas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: piâkˈku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: peäkˈkaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: pieʹj» 2015-09-03 IS THIS CORRECT

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: pieʹǩǩi

(12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^KK2GG VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_VUEAIQNNED vueiʹnned:vuäinn
• LEXICON TV_VUEAIQNNED vueiʹnned:vuäinn
• LEXICON V0_VUEAIQNNED vueiʹnned:vuäinn V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc, NomAct in MOsh

+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) Ind.Imprt.Pl3: vuäinnaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) Allegro for incoative: vueiʹn»

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) vueiʹnni

(12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_VUEAQDHDHED vueʹđđed:vuäđđ
• LEXICON V0_VUEAQDHDHED vueʹđđed:vuäđđ Strong-HighVowel-Palatalization
• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) vuẹʹđđed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

Strong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) vuäđđ +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-Palatalization

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^CC2CCC%>e K ; (3) vuäʹđˈđe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2CCC%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) vueʹđˈđe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

Weak-StableV-Palatalization

• :%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) vuäʹđ Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

Weak-RaisedVowel-Palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) vuõʹđet
• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG:%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^CC2C VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) vueʹđet Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

Weak-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^CC2C%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) vuäđ- Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

ExtraStrong-RaisedVowel-No-palatalization

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALÕ VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) vuõđđu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

ExtraStrong-LoweredVowel-No-palatalization (9)

• :%^CC2CCC VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; vuäđˈđaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10) vuäˈđeškuätt

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) vueʹđđi

(12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^CC2C VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_1E_EUQKK leuʹǩǩed:leukk
• LEXICON V0_1E_EUQKK leuʹǩǩed:leukk

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL%^PALK%> FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) leuʹǩǩi

(12)

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) +V+Imprt+Pl3 täiddaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10)

• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) täiʹd-

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL%^PALK FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) taiʹddi (12)

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_1E_VUQCC täiʹdded:tä%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}dd

• LEXICON V0_1E_VUQCC täiʹdded:tä%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}dd

• täiʹdded # examples:*
• täiʹdded: täiʹdded+V+Inf (Eng. # (1))
• täidd: täiʹdded+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3 (Eng. # (2))
• täiʹdde: täiʹdded+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 (Eng. # (3))
• taiʹdde: täiʹdded+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3 (Eng. # (4))
• tääiʹd: täiʹdded+V+Imprt+Sg2 (Eng. # (5))
• taaiʹdež: täiʹdded+V+Pot+Sg3 (Eng. # (6))
• tääidas: täiʹdded+V+Imprt+Sg3 (Eng. # (7))
• taiddu: täiʹdded+V+Pot+Sg3 (Eng. # (8))
• täiddaz: täiʹdded+V+Imprt+Pl3 (Eng. # (9) +V+Imprt+Pl3 täiddaz)
• täiʹdškueʹtted: täiʹdded+V+Der+Der/InchL+V+Inf (Eng. # (10) Allegro)
• taiʹddi: täiʹdded+V+PrsPrc (Eng. # (11))

• taaidčed: täiʹdded+V+Der+Der/ched+V+Inf (Eng. # (12))

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) +V+Imprt+Pl3 täiddaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10)

• :%^PAL%^YXX2YX FOR-ALLEGRO-DEVERBAL-DERIVATION ; (10) täiʹd-

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) taiʹddi (12)

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_PEIQTTED peiʹtted:pẹ%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}tt
• LEXICON TV_PEIQTTED peiʹtted:pẹ%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}tt
• LEXICON V0_PEIQTTED peiʹtted:pẹ%^1VOWi%{ʹØ%}tt

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) taiʹddi (12)

• :%^V2VV%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched: peeitčed

• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: ceäʹlǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: ceälkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ceäʹlǩǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: cieʹlǩǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: ciẹʹlǩ Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: cieʹlǩi Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

• :%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg1: ceälkam Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: ciâlkku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) +V+Imprt+Pl3 ceälkkaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10)

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: cieʹlǩǩi (12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON TV_1E_EAQYKK ceäʹlǩǩed:ceä%{ʹØ%}lkk

• :%^PAL%^PALK VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: ceäʹlǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: ceälkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%^PALK%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ceäʹlǩǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: cieʹlǩǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: ciẹʹlǩ Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%^PALK%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: cieʹlǩi Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

• :%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg1: ceälkam Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: ciâlkku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) +V+Imprt+Pl3 ceälkkaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10)

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^PALK FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: cieʹlǩǩi (12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• ceäʹlǩǩed # examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Imprt+Pl2 # (1) examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3 # (2) examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 # (3) examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3 # (4) examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Imprt+Sg2 # (5) examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Pot+Sg3 # (6) examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Imprt+Sg3 # (7) +V+Cond+Sg3 ceälkči, +V+Ind+Prs+Sg1 ceälkam examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Pass+PrfPrc # (8) examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Imprt+Pl3 # (9) +V+Act+PrfPrc ceälkkam examples:*

• ceäʹlǩǩed+V+Act+PrsPrc # (11) examples:*

• LEXICON V_1E_EAQYXX veäʹltted:veä%{ʹØ%}ltt
• LEXICON IV_1E_EAQYXX veäʹltted:veä%{ʹØ%}ltt
• LEXICON TV_1E_EAQYXX veäʹltted:veä%{ʹØ%}ltt

• :%^PAL VSUF-INF_ED ; (1) +V+Inf: ceäʹlǩǩed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

• : VSUF-IND-PRS-SG3_ED ; (2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: ceälkk +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

• +Ind+Prs+Pl3:%^PAL%>e K ; (3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ceäʹlǩǩe +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%> VSUF-IND-PRT-PL3_ED ; (4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: cieʹlǩǩe +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALẸ%^PAL%^YXX2YX VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED ; (5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: ciẹʹlǩ Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED ; (6) +V+Pot+Sg3: cieʹlǩi Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

• :%^YXX2YX%> VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED ; (7) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg1: ceälkam Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: ciâlkku Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) +V+Imprt+Pl3 ceälkkaz Imprt+Pl3

Allegro (10)

(11) Present Participle:

• :%^VOWRaise%^PALE%^PAL FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED ; (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: cieʹlǩǩi (12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^YXX2YX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_1E_UAQKKK šluäʹǩǩed:šluä%{ʹØ%}kˈk (1) +V+Inf: meäʹtˈted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

(2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: meätˈt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

(3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: meäʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

(4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: mieʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

(5) +V+Imprt+Sg2:?? miẹʹtt Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

(6) +V+Pot+Sg3: ??mieʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

(7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: meättas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

(8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: miâtˈtu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; +V+Imprt+Pl3 meätˈtaz Imprt+Pl3

CHECK FORM

(11) Present Participle: (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: mieʹtˈti (12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_MEAQTTTED meäʹtted:meätˈt
• LEXICON V0_MEAQTTTED meäʹtted:meätˈt (1) +V+Inf: meäʹtˈted V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

(2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: meätˈt +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

(3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: meäʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

(4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: mieʹtˈte +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

(5) +V+Imprt+Sg2:?? miẹʹtt Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

(6) +V+Pot+Sg3: ??mieʹđež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

(7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: meättas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

(8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: miâtˈtu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; +V+Imprt+Pl3 meätˈtaz Imprt+Pl3

CHECK FORM

(11) Present Participle: (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: mieʹtˈti (12)

• :%^VOWRaise%^CCC2CC VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

• LEXICON V_MAQHSSED mäʹhssed:mä%^1VOWhss
• LEXICON IV_MAQHSSED mäʹhssed:mä%^1VOWhss
• LEXICON TV_MAQHSSED mäʹhssed:mä%^1VOWhss
• LEXICON V0_MAQHSSED mäʹhssed:mä%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}ss

(1) +V+Inf: mäʹhssed V+Inf, Ind+Prs+Pl1, Ind+Prs+Pl2, Imprt+Pl1, Imprt+Pl2 Actio, ActEss, PrsPrc

(2) +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: mähss +V+Ind+Prs+Sg3, Ind.Prt.ConNeg, PrfPrc

(3) +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: mäʹhsse +V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

(4) +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: maʹhsse +V+Ind+Prt+Pl3, Ind+Prt+Sg1, Ind+Prt+Sg2, Ind+Prt+Sg4

(5) +V+Imprt+Sg2: määuʹs Imprt+Sg2, Ind+Prs+ConNeg, Ind+Prs+Sg4, VAbess, GerTemp, GerInstr

(6) +V+Pot+Sg3: maauʹsež Ind+Prt+Sg3, Ind+Prt+Pl1, Ind+Prt+Pl2, Pot,

(7) +V+Imprt+Sg3: määusas Ind+Prs+Sg1, Ind+Prs+Sg2, Cond, Imprt+Sg3

• :%^VOWRaise VSUF-IMPRT-CONNEGII_ED ; (8) +V+Imprt+ConNegII: mahssu Imprt+ConNeg, Pass+PrfPrc

• : VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED ; (9) +V+Imprt+Pl3 mähssaz Imprt+Pl3

(10) mäuʹs

(11) Present Participle: (11) +V+Act+PrsPrc: maʹhssi (12)

• :%^V2VV%^VOWRaise%^YXX2VX VSUF-CHED_ED ; (12) +Der+Der/ched:

DERIVED VERBS WITH PENULTIMATE VOWEL LOSS AND CHANGE

CLASS 2 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON V_AALGXTED aalǥted:aalǥât
• LEXICON IV_AALGXTED aalǥted:aalǥât
• LEXICON TV_AALGXTED aalǥted:aalǥât

• LEXICON V0_AALGXTED aalǥted:aalǥât gradation: no

• LEXICON V_KULSTED kulsted:kuulâst
• LEXICON IV_KULSTED kulsted:kuulâst

• LEXICON V0_KULSTED kulsted:kuulâst

• LEXICON V_OQNNSTED oʹnnsted:oʹnnest

• LEXICON V0_OQNNSTED oʹnnsted:oʹnnest

• LEXICON V_AGSTED agsted:aaggâst
• LEXICON IV_AGSTED agsted:aaggâst

• LEXICON V0_AGSTED agsted:aaggâst

• LEXICON V_MAINSTED mainsted:maainâst
• LEXICON IV_MAINSTED mainsted:maainâst
• LEXICON TV_MAINSTED mainsted:maainâst

• LEXICON V0_MAINSTED mainsted:maainâst

• LEXICON V_NUOLSTED nuõlsted:nuõllâst

• LEXICON V0_NUOLSTED nuõlsted:nuõllâst

• LEXICON V_CHIOPSTED čiõpsted:čiõppâst
• LEXICON IV_CHIOPSTED čiõpsted:čiõppâst

• LEXICON V0_CHIOPSTED čiõpsted:čiõppâst

• LEXICON V_TAARBSHED taarbšed:taarbâš
• LEXICON V0_TAARBSHED taarbšed:taarbâš

CLASS 2 LOW VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON V_VUEJTED vuejted:vuejat

• LEXICON V0_VUEJTED vuejted:vuejat

• LEXICON V_KAEIGGSHED käiggšed:käiggaš
• LEXICON IV_KAEIGGSHED käiggšed:käiggaš

• LEXICON V0_KAEIGGSHED käiggšed:käiggaš

• LEXICON IV_2A_VVC_YK täjsǩed:tääjask, vs jämljed:jäämalǥ

• LEXICON V_JAELSTED jälsted:jäälast
• LEXICON IV_JAELSTED jälsted:jäälast

• LEXICON V0_JAELSTED jälsted:jäälast

• LEXICON V_JAEMLJED jämljed:jäämalǥ vs täjsǩed:tääjask distinct in Prs+Sg3

• LEXICON V0_JAEMLJED jämljed:jäämalǥ inflection_type=”3”

• LEXICON V_2A_VVCC_YK râdsǩed:rââddask

• LEXICON V_POAGXSTED påǥsted:pååǥǥast
• LEXICON V0_POAGXSTED påǥsted:pååǥǥast lepsted+V+Inf
• lẹẹppast^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow

• lẹ0p00st^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow

• LEXICON V_JOARGXSTED jårǥsted:jåårǥast
• LEXICON IV_JOARGXSTED jårǥsted:jåårǥast

• LEXICON V0_JOARGXSTED jårǥsted:jåårǥast

• LEXICON V_TEYPSTED teâpsted:teâ%{ˈ1%}ppast
• LEXICON IV_TEYPSTED teâpsted:teâ%{ˈ1%}ppast
• LEXICON TV_TEYPSTED teâpsted:teâ%{ˈ1%}ppast

• LEXICON V0_TEYPSTED teâpsted:teâ%{ˈ1%}ppast gradation: no allegro: yes similar_to:

• LEXICON V_JEAELSTED jeälsted:jeä%{ˈ1%}last
• LEXICON IV_JEAELSTED jeälsted:jeä%{ˈ1%}last
• LEXICON TV_JEAELSTED jeälsted:jeä%{ˈ1%}last

• LEXICON V0_JEAELSTED jeälsted:jeä%{ˈ1%}last gradation: no allegro: yes similar_to:

• LEXICON V_CVICCKHED cviccǩed:cviccâk

• LEXICON V0_CVICCKHED cviccǩed:cviccâk gradation: no

• LEXICON V_MUAERSKHED muärsǩed:muärask

• LEXICON V0_MUAERSKHED muärsǩed:muärask inflection_type=”3” gradation: no allegro: yes similar_to:

• LEXICON V_TOINXSKHED tõiŋsǩed:tõõiŋâsk

• LEXICON V0_TOINXSKHED tõiŋsǩed:tõõiŋâsk inflection_type=”3”

• LEXICON V_1A_VVCCLED šorrned:šorran
• LEXICON V_SHORRNED šorrned:šorran
• LEXICON IV_SHORRNED šorrned:šorran
• LEXICON TV_SHORRNED šorrned:šorran
• LEXICON V0_SHORRNED šorrned:šorran gradation: no

CLASS 2 HIGH VOWEL, PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON V_CHIEQKHRDED čieʹǩrded:čieʹǩǩerd
• LEXICON TV_CHIEQKHRDED čieʹǩrded:čieʹǩǩerd
• LEXICON V0_CHIEQKHRDED čieʹǩrded:čieʹǩǩerd

CLASS 2 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON V_NJAQMMSHED njâʹmmšed:njâʹmmeš
• LEXICON IV_NJAQMMSHED njâʹmmšed:njâʹmmeš

• LEXICON V0_NJAQMMSHED njâʹmmšed:njâʹmmeš

• LEXICON V_KOAQMRDED kåʹmrded:kååʹmmerd
• LEXICON IV_KOAQMRDED kåʹmrded:kååʹmmerd
• LEXICON TV_KOAQMRDED kåʹmrded:kååʹmmerd

• LEXICON V0_KOAQMRDED kåʹmrded:kååʹmmerd

• LEXICON V_LOAQNSTED låʹnsted:lååʹnest
• LEXICON TV_LOAQNSTED låʹnsted:lååʹnest

• LEXICON V0_LOAQNSTED låʹnsted:lååʹnest

• LEXICON V_1E_VVQCCLED ǩeeʹrjted:ǩeeʹrjet
• LEXICON V_KHEEQRJTED ǩeeʹrjted:ǩeeʹrjet
• LEXICON IV_KHEEQRJTED ǩeeʹrjted:ǩeeʹrjet
• LEXICON TV_KHEEQRJTED ǩeeʹrjted:ǩeeʹrjet

• LEXICON V0_KHEEQRJTED ǩeeʹrjted:ǩeeʹrjet

• LEXICON V_AUQCSTED äuʹcsted:ääuʹcest

• LEXICON V0_AUQCSTED äuʹcsted:äuʹccest

• LEXICON V_VUAQDHSTED vuäʹđsted:vuäʹđest

• LEXICON V0_VUAQDHSTED vuäʹđsted:vuäʹđest

• LEXICON V_VUAQPSTED vuäʹpsted:vuäʹppest

• LEXICON V0_VUAQPSTED vuäʹpsted:vuäʹppest

• LEXICON V_NJAQDSTED njâʹdsted:njââʹddest

• LEXICON V0_NJAQDSTED njâʹdsted:njââʹddest

• LEXICON IV_AAIQJLDED ääiʹjlded:ääiʹjeld
• LEXICON TV_AAIQJLDED ääiʹjlded:ääiʹjeld

• LEXICON V0_AAIQJLDED ääiʹjlded:ääiʹjeld

• LEXICON V_KAQRJSTED käʹrjsted:kääʹrjest
• LEXICON IV_KAQRJSTED käʹrjsted:kääʹrjest
• LEXICON V0_KAQRJSTED käʹrjsted:kääʹrjest

CLASS 3 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION

CLASS 3 LOW VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON V_KUYDHDHDHJED kuâđđjed:kuâđˈđ
• LEXICON IV_KUYDHDHDHJED kuâđđjed:kuâđˈđ
• LEXICON TV_KUYDHDHDHJED kuâđđjed:kuâđˈđ

• LEXICON V0_KUYDHDHDHJED kuâđđjed:kuâđˈđ

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VSUF-VUEJTED-ELSE ; kuâđˈđjed

• LEXICON V_JEAELLLJED jeälljed:jeälˈl
• LEXICON IV_JEAELLLJED jeälljed:jeälˈl

• LEXICON V0_JEAELLLJED jeälljed:jeälˈl

• :%>%{ʼØ%}j VSUF-VUEJTED-ELSE ; jeälˈljed

CLASS 3 HIGH VOWEL, PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON V_3E_QLLXJED võʹllʼjed:võʹll
• LEXICON V_3E_QCCJED võʹllʼjed:võʹll
• LEXICON V_VOQLLJED võʹllʼjed:võʹll
• LEXICON IV_VOQLLJED võʹllʼjed:võʹll
• LEXICON TV_VOQLLJED võʹllʼjed:võʹll
• LEXICON V0_VOQLLJED võʹllʼjed:võʹll
• :e VSUF-VUEJTED-IND-PRS-CONNEG ; võʹlle
• :ai VSUF-VUEJTED-IND-PRS-SG3 ; võʹllai

CLASS 3 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION

CLASS 3 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION, GH

• LEXICON V_KUOCCJED kuõccjed:kuõcc
• LEXICON IV_KUOCCJED kuõccjed:kuõcc
• LEXICON TV_KUOCCJED kuõccjed:kuõcc
• LEXICON V0_KUOCCJED kuõccjed:kuõcc

CLASS 3 LOW VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION, GH

CLASS 4 HIGH VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION

• LEXICON V_SILTTEED siltteed:siltt
• LEXICON IV_SILTTEED siltteed:siltt
• LEXICON TV_SILTTEED siltteed:siltt
• LEXICON V0_SILTTEED siltteed:siltt
• : VSUF-TEEQMEED-ELSE ;

CLASS 4 LOW VOWEL, NO PALATALIZATION

• : VSUF-TEEQMEED-ELSE ;

CLASS 4 HIGH VOWEL, PALATALIZATION

CLASS 4 LOW VOWEL, PALATALIZATION

• : VSUF-TEEQMEED-ELSE ;

Not yet written

• +Ind+Prs+Sg3:%>ad K ; teeʹmad

assuming stem kååʹmmerded

assuming stem kååʹmmerd

• LEXICON VSUF-IMPRT-PL3_ED puätˈtaz

• LEXICON FOR-VSUF-PRSPRC_ED (11) Vowel_raising, palatalization, Cons-grade-retension

VSUF-I-POTKOND_YD, VSUF-I-POTKOND_AD and VSUF-POTENTIAL_ED come here

• : DenominalAdjsCShort ; (Feist 2012: 200-201) +Der+Der/teqm

• LEXICON VSUF-CONDITIONAL_ED (7)

• LEXICON VSUF-IND-PRS-CONNEG_ED (6)

• +Use/NGminip+Use/NG+Der+Der/st+V:%^Pen%^Allegro»%{ʼØ%}st VSUF-VUEJTED-ELSE ; no allegro

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-phonology.twolc.md

Skolt Sámi TWOLC file

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

Introduction

The twolc rule file for Skolt Saami is divided into 5 main sections:

1. Alphabets, Sets and Definitions
2. Consonant shift rules (tbw)
3. Vowel alternation rules
4. Consonant gradation rules
5. Rules for cleaning up and composing end result

Alphabets, sets and definitions

Alphabet

Regular letters:

* a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
* ä å â õ
* Ä Å Â Õ
* č ǩ ǯ ǧ ž đ ǥ ʒ š ŋ
* Č Ǩ Ǯ Ǧ Ž Đ Ǥ Ʒ Š Ŋ
* ẹ Pedagogical purposes
* Ẹ Pedagogical purposes
* 
* æ ø ö á é í
* Æ Ø Ö Á
* É Ó Ú Í À È Ò Ù Ì Ë Ü Ï Ê Ô Û Î Ã Ý þ Ñ Ð
* é ó ú í à è ò ù ì ë ü ï ê ô û î ã ý þ ñ ð ß ª ß ç

Orthographic, suprasegmental markers:

• ʹ - MODIFIER LETTER PRIME: U+02B9 suprasegmental palatization
• ʼ - MODIFIER LETTER APOSTROPHE: U+02BC Syllable marker that appears in writing
• ˈ - MODIFIER LETTER VERTICAL LINE: U+02C8 as overlong consonant marker that does not appear in writing except for pedagogical purposes

Symbol pairs for consonant lengthening:

• %{XC%}:m
• %{XC%}:n
• %{XC%}:v
• %{XC%}:d
• %{XC%}:r
• %{XC%}:l
• %{XC%}:k
• %{XC%}:ǥ
• %{XC%}:s
• %{XC%}:š
• %{XC%}:z
• %{XC%}:ž

Symbol pairs for vowel length:

• %{õuØ%}:0
• %{ouØ%}:0
• %{âõØ%}:0
• %{ẹiØ%}:0
• %{äaØ%}:0
• %{äåØ%}:0
• %{eiØ%}:0
• %{åoØ%}:0
• %{ẹeiØ%}:0

Symbol pairs for vowel height, by default vowels are low:

• %{õu%}:õ
• %{ou%}:o
• %{âõ%}:â
• %{ẹi%}:ẹ
• %{äa%}:ä
• %{äå%}:ä
• %{ei%}:e
• %{åo%}:å
• %{ẹei%}:ẹ
• %{âõe%}:â
• %{âõäe%}:â

Trigger symbols:

• %^Pen:0 - for combinations 2015-09-28 Miikka
• %^RmVow:0 - for removing vowels e, â, a before final consonant in stem
• %^UltRmVow:0 - for removing vowels e, â, a after final consonant in stem
• %^RmCns:0 - for removing stem final consonant, e.g. final z in ǩeeʹstes:ǩeâsttez ǩeâstta
• %^1VOW:0 - Vow trigger
• %^2VOW:0 - Vow trigger
• %^3VOW:0 - Vow trigger
• %^4VOW:0 - Vow trigger
• %^5VOW:0 - Vow trigger
• %^VOWLower:0 - i>e, õ>â, â>ä, u>o, o>å
• %^VOWRaise:0 - e>i, ä>e
• %^U2Õ:0 - lowers u>õ
• %^PAL:0 - Palatalisation
• %^PALNo:0 - Palatalisation
• %^PALI:0 - Palatalisation
• %^PALE:0 - Palatalisation
• %^PALÄ:0 - Palatalisation
• %^PALẸ:0 - Palatalisation
• %^PALÂ:0 - Palatalisation
• %^PALÕ:0 - Palatalisation

Penultimate Palatalisation

• %^PALK:0 - causes k:ǩ and g:ǧ and ǥ:j

Miscellaneous triggers:

• %^VC:0 Voicing s:z š:ž
• %^Â:0 Indicates placement of â in stem
• %^Br:0 break rule, e.g. eʹč^Br>{ʼØ}č

CHARACTERISTIC BREAKDOWN 2015-02-17

• %^Allegro:0 - Allegro in general shortens consonant and preceding vowel
• %^VV2V:0 - Shortens vowel
• %^V2VV:0 - Lengthens vowel
• %^CC2C:0 - Shortens consonant
• %^CC2CAllegro:0 - Shortens consonant and preceding vowel
• %^C2CC:0 - Lengthens consonant
• %^CC2CCC:0 - Strong to Extra Strong consonant
• %^CCC2C:0 - Extra Strong to Weak consonant
• %^CCC2CAllegro:0 - Extra Strong to Weak consonant
• %^CCC2CC:0 - Extra Strong to Strong consonant
• %^YXX2YX:0 - Shortens consonant cluster
• %^YXX2VX:0 - Consonant cluster to vowel and consonant sijdd:siid
• %^YXX2VXX:0 - Consonant cluster to vowel and geminate uvdd:ouʹdd
• %^YXX2IX:0 - Consonant cluster to i and consonant kueʹhtt:kueiʹt
• %^VX2YXX:0 - Consonant cluster i/u to j/v
• %^VXX2YXX:0 - Consonant cluster i/u to j/v
• %^KK2ZERO:0 - nââʹer
• %^KKK2ZERO:0 - jeeʹel
• %^KKK2GG:0 - Geminate weakening
• %^KKK2G:0 - Strong Geminate allegro
• %^KK2GG:0 - Geminate weakening jokk:jooǥǥ
• %^KK2GAllegro:0 - Geminate weakening in allegro pååss:påz
• %^K2GG:0 - Geminate weakening čårrõs:čårrõõzz
• %^K2GAllegro:0 - Geminate weakening in allegro čâustõk

Removal of suprasegmentals

• %{ʹØ%}:0 - This is modifier letter prime
• %{ʼØ%}:0 - used between l, n, j and subsequent j and elsewhere
• %{ˈ1%}:0 - This is modifier letter verticle line after diphthongs

This introduces vertical bar after diphth before consonants

• %^Allegro:0 This introduces vertical bar after diphth before consonants

Various semi-vowel alternations

• %^J2I:0 in tuâjj:tuâi
• %^I2J:0 in agent names
• %^I2Zero:0 in agent names

Gradation triggers 2015.01.23

• %^XSt2St:0 Causes weakening from extra strong to strong
• %^XSt2W:0 Causes weakening from extra strong to weak
• %^St2W:0 Causes weakening from strong to weak
• %^W2St:0 Causes strengthening from weak to strong
• %^W2XSt:0 Causes strengthening from weak to extra strong
• %^St2XSt:0 Causes strengthening from strong to extra strong

Other vowel length and consonant length will be phased out

• %^VOWXSH:0 Extra shortens vowel in relation to consonant
• %^VOWXL:0 Extra lengthens vowel in relation to consonant in nouns, for example
• %^CXLong:0 Lengthening
• %^CLong:0 Lengthening
• %^CShort:0 Shortening

More triggers, possibly realised as a segment:

• X3:0 causes weak grade
• %{VU%}:u used with stuuʹl
• %{Â1%}:0 used with “mainsted” to tell (a story)
• %{A1%}:0 used with “vuejted” to drive (causative)
• %{E1%}:0 used with “kåʹmrded” to bow
• %{E1%}:0 archiform for MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT used in stems where the lemma does not contain a MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT and yet the paradigm requires one.
• %{EÂ%}:e archiform for ie:eâ variation
• %^IMPSG2:0
• %^INDPRSSG3:0
• %^PenVow2a:0 Changes penultimate vowel to a; e:a â:a
• %^FRICG:0

Hyphen at compound word boundary

• %^FRICG:0 Zero versus hyphen in compounding
• %^Hyphen:0 at compound word boundary with %-
• %^NoHyphen:0 at compound word boundary

Literal quotes and angles must be escaped (cf morpheme boundaries below):

• »
• «
• <

Morpheme boundaries:

• Derivational prefix
• Derivational suffix
• Inflectional prefix
• Inflectional suffix
• Word boundary for both lexicalised and dynamic compounds
• (exceptional) soft hyphenation point
• Hyphen for question particle
• Compounding rules

End of alphabet definitions

Sets

• Cns = b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x z đ ʒ ǯ č ŋ ǩ ǧ ǥ š ž B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T V W X Z Đ Ʒ Ǯ Č Ŋ Ǩ Ǧ Ǥ Š Ž ;

• CNoV = b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t w x z đ ʒ ǯ č ŋ ǩ ǧ ǥ š ž B C D F G H J K L M N P Q R S T W X Z Đ Ʒ Ǯ Č Ŋ Ǩ Ǧ Ǥ Š Ž ;

• CNoJ = b c d f g h k l m n p q r s t v w x z đ ʒ ǯ č ŋ ǩ ǧ ǥ š ž B C D F G H K L M N P Q R S T V W X Z Đ Ʒ Ǯ Č Ŋ Ǩ Ǧ Ǥ Š Ž ;

• Vow = a e ẹ i o u å ä â õ A E Ẹ I O U Å Ä Â Õ ;

• VowNoIU = a e ẹ o å ä â õ A E Ẹ O Å Ä Â Õ ;

• CNoJV = b c d f g h k l m n p q r s t w x z đ ʒ ǯ č ŋ ǩ ǧ ǥ š ž B C D F G H K L M N P Q R S T W X Z Đ Ʒ Ǯ Č Ŋ Ǩ Ǧ Ǥ Š Ž ;

• CNoDLRZ = b c f g h j k m n p q s t v w x z đ ǯ č ŋ ǩ ǧ ǥ š ž B C F G H J K M N P Q S T V W X Z Đ Ǯ Č Ŋ Ǩ Ǧ Ǥ Š Ž ;

• Ltrs = Vow Cns ;

• Dummy = %^PAL %^PALE %^PALẸ %^PALÕ %^PALÄ %^PALK %^CC2C %^CCC2C %^CCC2CC %^YXX2IX %^YXX2YX %^KK2GG %^YXX2VX %^KKK2GG %^KKK2ZERO %^C2CC %^J2I %^Pen %^V2VV %^VOWLower %^RmVow %^PenVow2a %^RmCns %^VC %^V2VV %^VOWRaise %^VOWSH %^CLong %^K2GG %> ; - triggers in Sg.Nom and Sg.Gen (Note word-final right arrow bracket 2024-01-10)

Definitions

Short consonant cluster

Onset consonant or word boundary OnSetC = [[%{XC%}:Cns\|Cns:Cns] (Cns:\|%{XC%}:Cns) \|.#.\|#:\|%>\](») ;

Penultimate consonant PenUltCns = [Cns:\](%{XC%}:) ;

following morpheme or word boundary

* RBound = [(%^Hyphen: %-|%^NoHyphen:|%{%-Ø%}:) (∑) #:|.#.|%>|»|%-] ;

ossible triggers before VOWLower and VOWRaise

neutral to vowel length

neutral to vowel height and backness

possible triggers before PALE PALÄ

possible triggers between stem and PALNo and PAL

possible triggers between vowel length and consonant grade

NeutrVowHeightDiphPalAllegroPAL = [ (%^VOWRaise:\|%^VOWLower:) ( ((%^PALÂ:\|%^PALÕ:) (%^Allegro:) %^PALNo:\|%^VOWLower: %^PALÄ:\|(%^PALÕ:\|%^PALE:\|%^PALÄ:\|%^PALẸ:) (%^Allegro:) %^PAL:)\| (%^Allegro:) (%^PALÕ:\|%^PALE:\|%^PALÄ:\|%^PALẸ:\|%^PALÂ:) (%^PALNo:\](%^PAL:) ) ) ;

possible triggers between word end and consonant grade

possible triggers between vowel length and Palatalization BetweenVowLengthAndPALNo = [(%^VOWLower:\|%^VOWRaise:) (%^PALÄ:\|%^PALE:\|%^PALẸ:\|%^PALÕ:\](%^PALÂ:) ) ;

BetweenVowHeightAndConsGrade = [((%^PALE:\|%^PALÄ:\|%^PALẸ:\|%^PALÕ:) (%^Allegro:) %^PAL:\|(%^PALÂ:\](%^PALÕ:) (%^Allegro:) %^PALNo:)) ;

BetweenStemAndRightArrow = [NeutrVowLenghtHeightDiphPalAllegroPAL BetweenPALNoAndMorphRightArrow] ;

Penultimate vowel centers possible triggers before VOWLower and VOWRaise

PenBetweenStemAndStemFinalVoicing = [PenBetweenStemAndVowelLoss (%^RmVow:\](%^PenVow2a:)) ;

PenBetweenPALNoAndMorph = [(%^Pen: [(%^Allegro:) %^CC2C:\|(%^Allegro:) %^CC2CAllegro:]\|%^Pen: %^C2CC:\|%^Pen: %^YXX2YX:\|%^Pen: %^KK2GG:\|%^Pen: %^CC2CCC:\|%^Pen: %^CCC2C:\|%^Pen: %^CCC2CC:\|%^Pen: %^YXX2VX:\|%^Pen: %^YXX2VXX:\](%^Pen: %^KKK2GG:) RBound ) ;

used in compounding Cmp/SgNom and Cmp/SgGen SgNomGen = [((%^PALE: %^PAL:) %^CCC2C:\|(%^PALE: %^PAL:) %^CCC2CC:\|%^PALẸ:\|[%^PALE:\|%^PALÕ:] %^PAL: %^YXX2IX:\|[%^PALẸ:\|%^PALE:] %^PAL: %^YXX2YX:\|((%^PALE:) %^PAL:) %^KK2GG:\|(%^PALE:) %^PAL:\| ((%^PALE:) %^PAL:) (%^J2I:) %^CC2C:\](%^PAL: %^YXX2VX:));

neutral to consonant length

CNeutrGrade = [([(%^Allegro:) %^CC2C:\|(%^Allegro:) %^CC2CAllegro:] \|[%^C2CC:] \|%^CC2CCC: \|%^KK2GG: \|%^KKK2GG: \|%^YXX2VX: \|%^YXX2VXX:\](%^CCC2CC: )) ;

neutral to vowel and consonant length

NeutrGrade = [VNeutrGrade \](CNeutrGrade) ;

NoVowRaise = \[ %^VOWRaise: \| #]* [#\](.#.) ;

NoCnsDummy = \[ %^CC2C: \| %^CCC2C: \| %^CCC2CC: \| %^YXX2IX: \| %^YXX2YX: \| %^KK2GG: \| %^YXX2VX: \| %^KKK2GG: \| %^KKK2ZERO: \| %^C2CC: \| %^J2I: \| %^RmCns: \| %^K2GG: \]( # )* ;

SurfaceDiphthong = [ :e :ä \| :e :â \| :i :õ \| :i :â \| :i :e \| :i :ẹ \| :u :â \| :u :õ \| :u :å \| :u :ä \| :u :e \]( :u :ẹ ) ;

• X3 = C Vx Cx Cx C Vx Vy Cx ˈ Cx
• X2 = C Vx Vx Cx Cx C Vx Vy Cx Cx
• X1 = C Vx Vx Cx C Vx Vy Cx

Rules

Vowel shortening rules

Vowel shortening â:0 - used in

čââʹđ+N+Sg+Ill: heart/sydän

• čâ^1VOWđđ>ma
• čâ0đđ>ma

-â ǩeʹtted+V+Ind+Prs+ConNeg: cook/keittää

• ǩeâ{ʹØ}tt^VV2V^VOWRaise^PALI^PAL
• ǩi0ʹtt0000

Vowel shortening ẹ:0 - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3 teevvad+V+Prt+4:

• tẹẹvv^VV2V^VOWRaise>uš
• ti0vv00>uš

Vowel shortening e:0 - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3

eʹǩrded+V+Inf

• eeʹǩǩerd^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow>ed
• e0ʹǩ00rd00000>ed

Ââvel+N+Prop+Sg+Loc Ivalo

• Ââvel^RmVow>est
• Ââv0l0>est

Jouste

Vowel shortening å:0 - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3 jååʹtted+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3 trekk

• jåå{ʹØ}tt^VV2V^VOWRaise^PAL>e
• jo0ʹtt000>e låʹǧsted
• lååʹǧǧest^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow
• lå0ʹǧ00st00000

sååbbar+N+Sg+Nom meeting

• så^1VOWbbar^Pen^V2VV
• sååbbar00

-å

Vowel shortening õ:0 - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3

• mõõ{ʹØ}nn^VV2V^PAL>e
• mõ0ʹnn00>e
• mõõ{ʹØ}nn^VV2V^VOWLower^PAL>e
• mâ0ʹnn000>e
• čõõnâst^Pen^VV2V^RmVow>ed
• čõ0n0st000>ed tõiŋsǩed+V+Inf
• tõõiŋâsk^Pen^VV2V^RmVow^PALK>ed
• tõ0iŋ0sǩ0000>ed
• ★tõõiŋâsk^Pen^VV2V^RmVow^PALK>ed (is not standard language)
• ★tõ0iŋ0sk0000>ed (is not standard language)

kõõnjâl+N+Sg+Gen tear

• kõ^1VOWnnjâl^Pen^VV2V^Pen^C2CC
• kõ0nnjâl0000

-õ

Vowel shortening u:0 - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3

mainstummuš+N+Sg+Ill: story telling/tarinointi

• mainstummuš^RmVow>a
• mainstumm0š0>a

juurd+N+Ess thought

• ju^1VOWrdd>j>en
• ju0rdd>j>en

Oulu

Vowel shortening i:0 - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3 viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3

• vii{ʹØ}kk^VV2V^VOWLower^PAL>e
• ve0ʹǩǩ000>e viikkâd+V+Imprt+Pl3
• vii{ʹØ}kk^VV2V^VOWLower>az
• vẹ00kk00>az
• ★vii{ʹØ}kk^VV2V^VOWLower>az (is not standard language)
• ★vẹẹ0kk00>az (is not standard language) iilâsǩ:ilska

prääʹzniǩ+N+Sg+Ill: celebration/juhla

• prääʹzniǩ^RmVow^PALNo>a

• prääʹzn0k00>a

• žẹẹvai^RmVow^I2Zero>ǥa
• žẹẹv0000>ǥa

+Sg+Ill N_HÕʹPPI

• hõʹppi^UltRmVow>ǥa
• hõʹpp00>ǥa

Vowel shortening o:0 - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3 šoomm+N+Sg+Ill

• šoomm^VV2V^VOWRaise>u
• šu0mm00>u ponjsted+V+Inf
• poonjâst^Pen^VV2V^RmVow>ed
• po0nj0st000>ed poorrâd+V+Imprt+Pl3
• poorr^VV2V^VOWLower>az
• på0rr00>az

ooccâd+V+Imprt+Pl3

• oocc^VV2V^VOWLower>az
• å0cc00>az

ooumaž+N+Sg+Nom

• o^1VOWumm^V2VV^XYY2XY>až
• ooum000>až -o

**Vowel shortening a:0 ** - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3

• saa{ʹØ}kk^VV2V^PAL>e

• sa0ʹǩǩ00>e

• maainâst^Pen^VV2V>ed
• ma0inâst00>ed

Aanar+N+Prop+Sg+Ill: Inari/Enare

• Aanar^RmVow>a
• Aan0r0>a

mättʼted+V+Inf: teach/opettaa

• mätta0t^RmVow>ed
• mätt0ʼt0>ed

-a

Vowel shortening ä:0 - used in +Ind+Prs+Pl3, +Ind+Prt+Pl3

%{ʼØ%} for modifier letter apostrophe - jieʹlli+N+Ess animal/eläin

• jieʹll{ʼØ}i^I2J>en

• jieʹllʼj0>en

• koll>{ʼØ}j>ed
• koll>ʼj>ed
• ★koll>{ʼØ}j>ed (is not standard language)
• ★koll>0j>ed (is not standard language)
• valmštõõll{ʼØ}i^I2J>i
• valmštõõllʼj0>i piânˈnai+N+Ess: dog/koira
• piânˈn^CCC2CC>{ʼØ}j>en
• piân0n0>ʼj>en
• jieʹll{ʼØ}i^I2J>e>st
• jieʹllʼj0>e>st

-ä

Vowel shortening y:0 - used in PX -y

Vowel shortening ö:0 - used in PX -ö

ZERO to syllable mark 0:ʼ, same as modifier letter apostrophe - used in zeeʹtt+N+Sg+Abe: zeeʹttʼtää mättʼted+V+Inf: teach/opettaa

• mätta0t^RmVow>ed
• mätt0ʼt0>ed pueʹtted+V+Der/jed+Der/Caus+Der/NomAct+N+Ess:
• puä{ʹØ}tt^CC2CCC>a0t^RmVow>em^RmVow>en
• puä0tt0>0ʼt0>0m0>en
• ★puä{ʹØ}tt^CC2CCC>at^RmVow>em^RmVow>en (is not standard language)
• ★puä0tt0>0t0>0m0>en (is not standard language) tåpsʼsted+V+Inf:
• tååpsa0st^Pen^VV2V^RmVow^PALK>ed

• tå0ps0ʼst0000>ed

• ijss>0sa

• ijss>ʼsa

• kåčč>0čem

• kåčč>ʼčem

• a^1VOWutt^V2VV^XYY2XY>0taa

• aaut000>ʼtaa

• taaurõ^1VOWš{XC}^C2CC>0ses
• taaurõ0šš0>ʼses

Vowel alternation rules

VOWEL SHIFT

RAISING

deriving +Ind+Prt+Sg1, +Ind+Prt+Sg2 +Ind+Prt+Pl3 in teevvad:tivvu

Vowel raising o:u - Adding +Prt+Pl3 for ed verbs, Removing u: and i: second element due to njeiddad njeiddu

• šoomm^VV2V^VOWRaise>u
• šu0mm00>u

Vowel raising %{õu%}:u - Adding tõlvvad+V+Pass+PrfPrc:

• t{õu}{õuØ}lvv^VOWRaise>um
• tu0lvv0>um

Vowel raising å:o - Adding

• kåbll^VOWRaise

• kobll0

• kåå{ʹØ}pp^VOWRaise^PAL^CC2C>in
• kooʹv0000>in
• kå^1VOW{ʹØ}ll^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL>in
• kooʹll000>in

Vowel raising e:i - Adding +Prt+Pl3 for ed verbs, Removing u: and i: second element due to njeiddad njeiddu

reâugg+N+Sg+Ill

• reâugg^VOWRaise>u
• riõugg0>u pieʹhssed+V+Inf: **
• peâ{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^PALE^PAL>ed
• pieʹh0ss00>ed mieʹlǩǩ+N+Sg+Nom: milk/maito
• meâ{ʹØ}lkk^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL

• mieʹlǩǩ000

• jeä{ʹØ}gˈg^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CC
• jiẹʹǧ0ǧ0000
• beâ{ʹØ}sˈs^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CCC2CC
• bieʹs0s0000
• ceägˈg^VOWRaise>u
• ciâgˈg0>u cieʹǩǩes+N+Sg+Ill: trick, type of ear mark/tikki, pykälä
• ceä{ʹØ}kˈkes^Pen^PALẸ^Pen^PAL^Pen^CCC2CC
• ciẹʹǩ0ǩes000000

Vowel raising ẹ:i - used in

• pẹ^1VOWss^VOWRaise>u
• pi0ss0>u
• pẹ^1VOWss^V2VV^VOWRaise>už
• piiss00>už
• tẹẹvv^VV2V^VOWRaise>uš
• ti0vv00>uš peigg+N+Sg+Ill
• ★pẹ^1VOWigg^VOWRaise^VYY2XYY>u (is not standard language)
• ★pẹ0jgg00>u (is not standard language)

Vowel raising â:õ - Adding +Prt+Pl3 for ed verbs, Removing u: and i: second element due to njeiddad njeiddu mââʹnn+N+Pl+Acc: egg/muna

• mââ{ʹØ}nn^VOWRaise^PAL^CC2C>id
• mõõʹn0000>id pââʹjj+N+Pl+Gen
• pââ{ʹØ}jj^VOWRaise^PAL^CC2C>i
• põõ0j000>i
• ★pââ{ʹØ}jj^VOWRaise^PAL^CC2C>i (is not standard language)
• ★pââ0j000>i (is not standard language) čâʹlmm+N+Pl+Acc: eye/silmä
• čâ^1VOW{ʹØ}lmm^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2XY>id
• čõõʹlm00000>id kââʹǩǩed+V+Act+PrsPrc+Sg+Nom: rub/hangata
• kââ{ʹØ}kk^VOWRaise^PAL>i
• kõõʹǩǩ00>i
• ★kââ{ʹØ}kk^VOWRaise^PAL>i (is not standard language)
• ★kââʹǩǩ00>i (is not standard language)
• ruâk0k^VOWRaise^CC2CCC>u
• ruõkˈk00>u
• čuâkˈk^VOWRaise>u
• čuõkˈk0>u kuâsˈsad+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3
• kuâsˈs^VOWRaise>u
• kuõsˈs0>u reâugg+N+Sg+Ill
• reâugg^VOWRaise>u
• riõugg0>u veârrad+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3
• veâr0r^VOWRaise^CC2CCC>u
• viõrˈr00>u ǩeâikk+N+Sg+Ill: **
• ǩeâi{ʹØ}kk^VOWRaise>u
• ǩiõi0kk0>u

Diphthong raising beginning with u ä:å - kuärŋŋad+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3

• kuärŋŋ^VOWRaise>u
• kuårŋŋ0>u
• ★kuärŋŋ^VOWRaise>u (is not standard language)
• ★kuõrŋŋ0>u (is not standard language)

Diphthong raising beginning with e:i ä:â - reäkkad+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3

• reäk0k^VOWRaise^CC2CCC>u
• riâkˈk00>u ǩeäinn+N+Sg+Ill: road/tie
• ǩeäinn^VOWRaise>u
• ǩiâinn0>u
• ★ǩeäinn^VOWRaise>u (is not standard language)
• ★ǩiäinn0>u (is not standard language)

Diphthong raising beginning with e:i ä:e - used in

• jeä{ʹØ}kˈkel^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^KKK2ZERO
• jeeʹ000el000000
• mõõnn^VV2V^CC2CAllegro»škuä{ʹØ}t0t^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC>iǩ
• mõ0n000»škueʹtˈt0000>iǩ

Diphthong raising beginning with e:i ä:ẹ - used in

• čuä{ʹØ}ckk^PALẸ^PAL^XYY2XY>es
• čuẹʹcǩ0000>es
• suä{ʹØ}kk^PALẸ^PAL^KK2GG
• suẹʹjj000 vuẹ’ddes+N+Sg+Nom: root/juuri
• vuä{ʹØ}dˈdes^Pen^PALẸ^Pen^PAL^Pen^CCC2CC
• vuẹʹd0des000000

diphthong backing beginning with u ä:õ - used in

• jeä{ʹØ}l0l^VOWRaise^PALÕ^PAL^CC2CCC>e
• jiõʹlˈl0000>e

Even syllabic verbs I, diphthong raising beginning with ä:a u - deriving läullad > laullum

• rääuh^VOWRaise>u
• raauh0>u
• ä^1VOWldd^VOWRaise>u
• a0ldd0>u
• ä^1VOWldd^V2VV^VOWRaise^XYY2XY>u
• aald0000>u čääʹcc+N+Pl+Acc water
• čää{ʹØ}cc^VOWRaise^PAL^KK2GG>id
• čaaʹʒʒ00>id mäʹhssed+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: pay/maksaa
• mä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2VY>i
• maa0uʹs00000>i
• ★mä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2VY>i (is not standard language)
• ★mää0uʹs00000>i (is not standard language) mäʹhssed+V+Ind+Prt+Pl3: pay/maksaa
• mä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^VOWRaise^PAL>e
• ma0ʹh0ss00>e
• ★mä^1VOW{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}ss^VOWRaise^PAL>e (is not standard language)
• ★mä0ʹh0ss00>e (is not standard language)

  LOWERING

Even syllabic verbs I, vowel lowering o:å - deriving +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Ind+Prs+Pl3 in poorrâd poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 eat/syödä

• poo{ʹØ}rr^VV2V^VOWLower^PAL>e
• på0ʹrr000>e poorrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3 eat/syödä
• poo{ʹØ}rr^VOWLower
• påå0rr0 juʹrdded+V+Cond+Sg1: joordčem juʹrdded > joordam

Even syllabic verbs I, vowel lowering i:e - viǯǯâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 fetch/noutaa

• vi^1VOW0ǯǯ^VOWLower^PAL>e
• ve0ʹǯǯ00>e viikkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3
• vii0kk^VV2V^VOWLower^PAL>e
• ve0ʹǩǩ000>e

siõrrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: play/leikkiä

• siõ0r0r^VOWLower^PALÄ^PAL^CC2CCC>e
• seäʹrˈr0000>e
• siõrr^VOWLower
• seârr
• ★siõrr^VOWLower (is not standard language)
• ★siârr0 (is not standard language)

cieʹǩǩes+N+Sg+Gen: trick, type of ear mark/tikki, pykälä

• ciâkˈkes^Pen^VOWLower^PenVow2a^VC
• ceäkˈkaz0000

Even syllabic verbs I, vowel lowering i:ẹ ** - deriving +Ind+Prs+Sg3 in viǯǯâd viǯǯâd+V+Imprt+Sg2 **fetch/noutaa

• vi^1VOWǯǯ^V2VV^VOWLower>as
• vẹẹǯǯ00>as viikkâd+V+Imprt+Pl3
• viikk^VV2V^VOWLower>az
• vẹ0kk00>az

Vowel lowering a:ä -

mään+N+Sg+Nom: moon/kuu

• ma^1VOWnn^V2VV^VOWLower^CC2C
• mään0000
• ★ma^1VOWnn^V2VV^VOWLower^CC2C (is not standard language)
• ★maan0000 (is not standard language)

Even syllabic verbs I, vowel lowering u:o - deriving +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Ind+Prs+Pl3 in uʹvdded

uʹvdded+V+Cond+Pl3 to give

• u^1VOWvdd^V2VV^VOWLower^XYY2VY>če
• ooud0000>če uʹvdded+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3
• u^1VOWvdd^VOWLower^XYY2VYY
• o0udd00 vuʹvll+N+Sg+Ill: voulla
• vu^1VOWvll^VOWLower^XYY2VYY>a
• vo0ull00>a puʹhtted+V+Cond+Pl3 to give
• pu^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt^VOWLower
• po00h0tt0

kuullâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 hear/kuulla

• kuu0ll^VV2V^VOWLower^PAL^CC2C>e
• ko0ʹl00000>e juʹrdded+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1 think
• ju^1VOW{ʹØ}rdd^V2VV^VOWLower^XYY2XY>am
• joo0rd0000>am juʹrdded+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 think
• ju^1VOW0rdd^VOWLower^PAL>e
• jo0ʹrdd00>e

stuuʹl+N+Sg+Ill: chair/tuoli

• stu^1VOW{VU}l^V2VV^VOWLower>a
• stooul00>a juʹrdded+V+Cond+Sg1: joordčem juʹrdded > joordam

puuʹttes+A+Sg+Gen: bright/kirkas

• pu^1VOWttes^Pen^VOWLower^PenVow2a^VC
• po0ttaz0000
• ★pu^1VOWttes^Pen^VOWLower^PenVow2a^VC (is not standard language)
• ★pu0ttaz0000 (is not standard language)

suukkâd+V+Imprt+Sg3: row/soutaa

• suukk^VOWLower^KK2GG>as
• sooǥǥ00>as

**Even syllabic verbs I, vowel lowering u:õ ** - deriving

• ču^1VOWkk^V2VV^U2Õ>až
• čõõkk00>až

Even syllabic verbs I, vowel lowering õ:â ** - deriving +Ind+Prs+Sg3, +Ind+Prs+Pl3 in viǯǯâd riõkkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3 **to whip

• riõkˈk^VOWLower#
• reâkˈk0#
• mõõ0nn^VV2V^VOWLower^PAL>e
• mâ0ʹnn000>e
• mõõnn^VOWLower^CC2C>as
• mâân000>as

vââid+N+Sg+Nom: **

• võ^1VOWidd^V2VV^VOWLower^XYY2XY
• vââid0000 kuõskkâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3
• kuõskk^VOWLower
• kuâskk0 juõiggâd+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3
• kuõigg^VOWLower
• kuâigg0

Diphthongs

Even syllabic verbs I, diphthong opening after u å:ä - deriving +Ind+Prs+Sg3, in kuåccâd kuäʹcce = a>ä lowering clockwise

• kuå0c0c^VOWLower^PAL^CC2CCC>e
• kuäʹcˈc000>e puäj+N+Sg+Nom
• puåjˈj^VOWLower^CCC2C
• puåj0000
• ★puåjˈj^VOWLower^CCC2C (is not standard language)
• ★puäj0j00 (is not standard language)

Vowel in second syllable e:a - deriving cieʹǩǩes+N+Sg+Gen: ceäkˈkaz cieʹǩǩes+N+Sg+Gen: trick, type of ear mark/tikki, pykälä

• ciâkˈkes^Pen^VOWLower^PenVow2a^VC
• ceäkˈkaz0000 puuʹttes+A+Sg+Gen

**Even syllabic verbs I, diphthong opening i:e â:ä for â:ä ** - deriving +Ind+Prs+Sg3, in čiõkkâd

• vuâinn^VOWLower
• vuäinn0 vueʹlǧǧed+Use/NG+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 leave/lähteä
• vuâ0lgg^PALÄ^PAL>a
• vuäʹlǧǧ00>a tieʹtted+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 know/tietää
• t e (Eng. â {ʹØ} t ˈ t ^PALÄ ^PAL ^CC2CCC > e)
• t e (Eng. ä ʹ t ˈ t 0 0 0 > e)

Even syllabic verbs I, diphthong opening after i:e e:â - deriving +Ind+Prs+Sg3, in pi%{EÂ%}ʹǩǩ:peâkka

Vowel backing

** u å:õ** - used in = a>ä lowering clockwise

• puått^VOWRaise>u
• puõtt0>u

Vowel Palatalization

diphthong allophonic realization in palatalization u å:e - deriving e from å

• puå0v0v^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC>e
• pueʹvˈv000>e

diphthong allophonic realization in palatalization u å:ẹ - deriving

Vowel Lowering and Fronting

Even syllabic verbs I, diphthong opening õ:ä after i:e - deriving +Ind+Prs+Sg3, in čiõkkâd siõrrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: play/leikkiä

• siõ0r0r^VOWLower^PALÄ^PAL^CC2CCC>e
• seäʹrˈr0000>e

SECONDARY FRONTING

Even syllabic verbs I, secondary vowel fronting with PAL u õ:e - deriving +Ind+Prs+Pl3 in VIQQAD: kuõskkâd >kueʹsǩǩe

• kuõ0skk^VOWLower^PALE^PAL>e
• kueʹsǩǩ000>e

**Even syllabic verbs I, secondary u > v **

RELATIVE VOWEL LENGTHENING

vowel lengthening and consonant shortening, %^Pen: %^V2VV and %^CShort

Even syllabic verbs I, relative vowel lengthening %^1VOW:â - deriving +V+Inf in TIETTED: uudd > uʹvdded šõddâd+V+Imprt+Sg3:

• šõ^1VOWdd^V2VV^VOWLower>as
• šââdd00>as

nââʹer+N+Sg+Nom sleep

• nâ^1VOW0kker^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL^Pen^KK2ZERO
• nââʹ00er000000

radio+N+Sg+Ill

• radio^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• radioo0ʹje

%^1VOW:ẹ relative vowel lengthening - sẹẹr+N+Pl+Nom: **

• sẹ^1VOWrr^CC2C
• sẹẹr00 pess+N+Sg+Acc: rifle/pyssy
• pẹ^1VOWss^V2VV
• pẹẹss0 veʹrǧǧ+N+Der/lazh+A+Sg+Nom
• vẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}rgg^V2VV^XYY2XY>laž
• vẹẹ0rǥ000>laž čẹẹuʹres+N+Sg+Nom = otter
• čẹ^1VOWu{ʹØ}rres^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL^Pen^XYY2XY
• čẹẹuʹr0es000000 viǯǯâd+V+Imprt+Sg2 fetch/noutaa
• vi^1VOWǯǯ^V2VV^VOWLower>as
• vẹẹǯǯ00>as eelas+N+Sg+Nom:
• ẹ^1VOWllas^Pen^V2VV^Pen^CC2C
• ẹẹl0as0000

Even syllabic verbs I, relative vowel lengthening %^1VOW:e - deriving +V+Inf in TIETTED: uudd > uʹvdded

• čââʹlmtẹ^1VOW0m^V2VV^PAL
• čââʹlmteeʹm00 reeʹǧǧes+A+Sg+Nom: rich/rikas
• rẹ^1VOW0gges^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL
• rẹẹʹǧǧes0000
• pẹ^1VOWi0vv^V2VV^PAL^XYY2XY

• peeiʹv0000

• kaađnẹ^1VOW0ǩ{XC}^V2VV^PAL^C2CC
• kaađneeʹǩǩ000

Jouste+N+Prop+Sg+Ill

• Jouste^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• Joustee0ʹje

Even syllabic verbs I, relative vowel lengthening %^1VOW:å - deriving sååbbar+N+Sg+Nom

• så^1VOWbbar^Pen^V2VV
• sååbbar00
• ★så%^1VOWbbar^Pen^V2VV (is not standard language)
• ★så0bbar00 (is not standard language) radio+N+Sg+Ill
• radio^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• radioo0ʹje
• jå^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^V2VV^PAL^XYY2VY
• jåå0uʹs0000

Even syllabic verbs I, relative vowel lengthening %^1VOW:õ - deriving +V+Inf in TIETTED: uudd > uʹvdded âʹlǧǧ+N+Pl+Gen: boy/poika

• â^1VOW{ʹØ}lgg^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2XY>i
• õõʹlj00000>i čâʹlmm+N+Pl+Acc: eye/silmä
• čâ^1VOW{ʹØ}lmm^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2XY>id
• čõõʹlm00000>id
• ču^1VOWkk^V2VV^U2Õ>až

• čõõkk00>až

• võ^1VOWrr^V2VV^CC2C
• võõr000
• sõ^1VOWll^V2VV^CC2C
• sõõl000
• mättʼtõ^1VOWs{XC}^V2VV^K2GG
• mättʼtõõzz00
• sõ^1VOWhss^V2VV^XYY2VY
• sõõus000

relative vowel lengthening %{õuØ%}:õ

radio+N+Sg+Ill

• radio^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• radioo0ʹje

Even syllabic verbs I, relative vowel lengthening %^1VOW:ä - deriving +V+Inf in TIETTED: uudd > uʹvdded

• ä^1VOWldd^V2VV^CC2C
• ääld000
• jä^1VOWu0rr^V2VV^PAL^CC2C
• jääuʹr0000 mäʹhssed+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1: pay/maksaa
• mä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^V2VV^XYY2VY>am
• mää0u0s000>am mäʹhssed+V+Ind+Prs+Sg4: pay/maksaa
• mä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^V2VV^PAL^XYY2VY>et
• mää0uʹs0000>et

Määttä+N+Prop+Sg+Ill

• Määttä^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• Määttää0ʹje

Even syllabic verbs I, relative vowel lengthening %^1VOW:a - deriving +V+Inf in MAINSTED: maainstam, mainstam

• dura^1VOWk^V2VV
• duraak0
• ä^1VOWldd^V2VV^VOWRaise^CC2C>už
• aald0000>už täiʹdded+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3:
• tä^1VOWi{ʹØ}dd^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2XY

mäʹhssed+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: pay/maksaa

• mä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2VY>i
• maa0uʹs00000>i

taalkâs+N+Sg+Nom

biologia+N+Sg+Ill

• biologia^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• biologiaa0ʹje

Relative vowel lengthening %^1VOW:o - simultaneous lengthening and lowering: juʹrdded > joordam juʹrdded+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1

• u^1VOWvdd^V2VV^VOWLower^XYY2VY>če
• ooud0000>če juʹrdded+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1 think
• ju^1VOWrdd^V2VV^VOWLower^XYY2XY>am
• joord0000>am
• kå^1VOW0ll^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL>in
• kooʹll000>in
• tå^1VOWidd^V2VV^VOWRaise^XYY2XY>čed
• tooid0000>čed oolmaž+N+Sg+Nom: person/henkilö
• o^1VOWlmm^V2VV^XYY2XY>až
• oolm000>až Sajos+N+Prop+Sg+Gen:Sajoozz
• Sajo^1VOW{ʹØ}s{XC}^V2VV^K2GG
• Sajoo0zz00
• ★Sajo^1VOW{ʹØ}s{XC}^V2VV^K2GG (is not standard language)
• ★Sajo00zz00 (is not standard language) toll+N+Sg+Gen: fire/tuli
• to^1VOWll^V2VV^CC2C
• tool000
• to^1VOW0ll^V2VV^PAL^CC2C>e
• tooʹl0000>e
• ko^1VOWnttâr^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2XY
• koont0âr0000 radio+N+Sg+Ill
• radio^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• radioo0ʹje

Even syllabic nouns I, relative vowel lengthening i - ǩiđđ:ǩiiđ

leuʹdd+N+Pl+Gen

• lẹ^1VOWu{ʹØ}dd^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2XY>i
• liiuʹd00000>i pirsted+V+Ind+Prs+ConNeg
• piirâst
• piirâst
• pẹ^1VOWss^V2VV^VOWRaise>už

• piiss00>už

• ǩi^1VOWđđ^V2VV^CC2C
• ǩiiđ000

Terhi+N+Prop+Sg+Ill

• Terhi^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• Terhii0ʹje

Even syllabic nouns, relative vowel extra lengthening u not followed by v - declension of nouns kunn > kuun mainstummuš+N+Err/Orth+Sg+Gen: story telling/tarinointi

• mainstummu^1VOWš{XC}^Pen^CC2C^V2VV^K2GG
• mainstum0uužž0000

tuuibâl+N+Sg+Nom: **

• tu^1VOWibbâl^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2XY
• tuuib0âl0000
• pu^1VOW0ttes^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL
• puuʹttes0000
• ★pu%^1VOW0ttes^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL (is not standard language)
• ★pu0ʹttes0000 (is not standard language)

vuʹvdd+N+Err/Orth+Sg+Gen: area/alue

• vu^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}dd^V2VV^PAL^XYY2XY
• vuuʹv0d0000 Oulu+N+Prop+Sg+Ill
• Oulu^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• Ouluu0ʹje

Word-final vowel ö - Enontekiö+N+Prop+Sg+Ill

• Enontekiö^1VOW^V2VVʹje
• Enontekiöö0ʹje

simultaneous lengthening and raising, hmm: xfst ordering might be easier

VOWEL DUMMY LOSS

SEMI VOWELS

Even syllabic nouns, for j>i - sijdd > siid This will need a special extra-lengthening rule

• ijss^XYY2VY>âs
• iis00>âs fiinâs+N+Sg+Nom: fine/hieno
• fijnnâs>^Pen^XYY2VY

• fiin0âs>00

• sââjj^J2I^CC2C
• sââi000 tuâjj+N+Sg+Acc work
• tuâjj^J2I^CC2C
• tuâi000

Even syllabic verbs, for v>u - uvdd > ouʹdde

• u^1VOWv0dd^PAL^XYY2VY
• u0uʹd000
• u^1VOWvdd^VOWLower^XYY2VYY
• o0udd00 kuʹvǯǯ+N+Sg+Gen
• ku^1VOWv0ǯǯ^VV2V^PAL^XYY2VY
• ku0uʹǯ0000 kuʹvǯǯ+N+Sg+Gen: /
• ku^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}ǯǯ
• kuuʹ00ǯ0 uudâs+N+Sg+Nom: creature/luomus
• uvddâs^Pen^XYY2VY
• uud0âs00

Even syllabic nouns, for h>u - luhtt s s: … uhss+N+Der/Dim+N+Sg+Gen door

• uh0ss^PAL^XYY2VY>e

• uuʹs000>e

• sä^1VOWhss^V2VV^XYY2VY>am
• sääus000>am

piiutâs+N+Sg+Nom clothing/vaate

• pi^1VOWhttâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2VY
• piiut0âs0000

Even syllabic nouns, for h>i - kueʹhtt kueiʹt+Num+Sg+Gen two/kaksi

• kuâh{ʹØ}tt^PALE^PAL^XYY2IY
• kueiʹt0000
• ★kuâh{ʹØ}tt^PALE^PAL^XYY2IY (is not standard language)
• ★kuâhʹt0000 (is not standard language)

trisyllabic verbs and doer derivations, i>j - used in

• valmštõõll{ʼØ}i^I2J>i
• valmštõõllʼj0>i piânˈnai+N+Ess: dog/koira
• piânˈn^CCC2CC>{ʼØ}j>en
• piân0n0>ʼj>en

peigg+N+Sg+Ill

• pẹ^1VOWigg^VOWRaise^VYY2XYY>u
• pi0jgg00>u

VOWELS TENSE vs LAX 2012-11-28

Vowels for â:i - ǩeʹtted+V+Ind+Prs+ConNeg: cook/keittää

• ǩeâ0tt^VOWRaise^PALI^PAL
• ǩiiʹtt000

Vowels for â:e - miârr+N+Sg+Ill

• miâ0rr^PALE^PAL>e
• mieʹrr00>e mieʹlǩǩ+N+Sg+Nom
• meâ0lkk^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL
• mieʹlǩǩ000
• piâ0ss^PALE^PAL
• pieʹss00
• ǩiâ0p0p^PALE^PAL^CC2CCC>e
• ǩieʹpˈp000>e
• kuâ0ll^PALE^PAL
• kueʹll00 tieʹtted+V+Imprt+Sg2: know/tietää
• teâ0tt^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CC2C
• tieʹđ00000 mueʹles+N+Sg+Nom
• muâ{ʹØ}lles^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^CC2C
• mueʹl0es000000 kueʹtǩes+N+Sg+Nom
• kuâ{ʹØ}tkkes^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^XYY2XY
• kueʹtǩ0es000000

pieʹhssed+V+Inf: **

• peâ{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}ss^PALE^PAL>ed
• pieʹh0ss00>ed
• ǩeâ0sttes^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^XYY2XY
• ǩeeʹst0es000000 ǩeʹtted+V+Ind+Prs+ConNeg: cook/keittää
• ǩeâ0tt^PALE^PAL
• ǩeeʹtt00

Even-syllabic nouns, for â:ẹ - used in pieʹll+N+Sg+Nom: half

• peä0ll^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL
• piẹʹll000
• tuâjj^PALẸ
• tuẹjj0

Palatalization for ẹ:e - used in reʹhtt+N+Pl+Nom

• rẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt^V2VV^PAL^XYY2VY
• ree0uʹt0000 peiʹvv+N+Sg+Gen: day/päivä
• pẹ^1VOWi{ʹØ}vv^V2VV^PAL^CC2C
• peeiʹv0000 karies+N+Sg+Nom: caries/hammasmätä
• kariẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}s^PALE
• karie00s0

reeʹǧǧes+A+Sg+Nom: rich/rikas

• rẹ:e^1VOW{ʹØ}gges^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL^Pen^PALK
• reeʹǧǧes000000

VOWEL and ZERO ALTERNATION

Realization for â in a - used in

• ǩiõrggân^PenVow2a
• ǩiõrggan0

THE NON-ORTHOGRAPHIC SYLLABLE

Loss of ʼ when preceded by vowel - This is a temporary solution to “ʼ” in võʹllʼjed, it deletes softmark when preceded by vowel

%{A1%}:ʼ when subseqent syllable has vowel v - This is a temporary solution to “ʼ” in võʹllʼjed 2013-08-29

PALATALIZATION

%{ʹØ%}:ʹ as transfer from left of v:u and all instances of modifier letter prime - used +Ind+Prs+Pl3, uʹvdded+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: ouʹdde

uʹvdded+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: give/antaa

• u^1VOWv{ʹØ}dd^VOWLower^PAL^XYY2VYY>e
• o0uʹdd000>e
• u^1VOWv{ʹØ}dd^PAL^XYY2VY
• u0uʹd000
• Teäpˈpnẹ%^1VOW%{ʹØ%}d
• Teäpˈpne0ʹd

täʹhtt+N+Pl+Nom: bone/luu

• tä^1VOWh{ʹØ}tt^V2VV^PAL^XYY2VY
• tääuʹt0000 täʹhtt+N+Pl+Gen: bone/luu
• tä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2VY>i
• taa0uʹt00000>i kueiʹt+Num+Sg+Gen two/kaksi
• kuâ{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt^PALE^PAL^XYY2IY
• kue0iʹt0000 uʹvdded+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: give/antaa
• u^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}dd^PAL>ed
• u0ʹv0dd0>e tuʹvnn+N+Sg+Nom: ** € tu^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}nn^PAL € tu0ʹv0nn0 täʹhtt+N+Pl+Nom: **bone/luu
• tä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}tt^PAL
• tääuʹt0000

čẹẹuʹres+N+Sg+Nom = otter

• čẹ^1VOWu{ʹØ}rres^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL^Pen^XYY2XY
• čẹẹuʹr0es000000 siõrrâd+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3: play/leikkiä
• siõ{ʹØ}r0r^VOWLower^PALÄ^PAL^CC2CCC>e
• seäʹrˈr0000>e
• saa{ʹØ}kk^VV2V^PAL>e
• sa0ʹǩǩ00>e tää%{ʹØ}ss+N+Sg+Gen: level/taso
• ★tää0ss^PAL^KK2GG (is not standard language)
• ★tää0zz00 (is not standard language)
• mõõ{ʹØ}nn^VV2V^VOWLower^PAL>e
• mâ0ʹnn000>e
• jåå{ʹØ}tt^VV2V^VOWRaise^PAL>e
• jo0ʹtt000>e
• kuâ{ʹØ}ll^PALE^PAL
• kueʹll00
• veä{ʹØ}kˈk^PAL
• veäʹǩˈǩ0
• ★veä{ʹØ}kˈk^PAL (is not standard language)
• ★veäʹkˈk0 (is not standard language)
• stu^1VOW{VU}{ʹØ}l^PAL
• stu0uʹl0
• čââʹlmtẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}m^PAL
• čââʹlmte0ʹm0
• kä^1VOW{ʹØ}lles^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL
• kääʹlles0000
• jeä{ʹØ}kˈkel^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^KKK2ZERO
• jeeʹ000el000000
• seäh{ʹØ}tter^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^XYY2VY
• seeuʹt0er000000

huʹvǧǧi+N+Sg+Nom: rattle/suhistin

• hu^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}ggi^Pen^PAL
• hu0ʹv0ǧǧi00 The left context allows for: Vowel shortening, and j/v > Vow

d:đ in weak grade - used in

• ǩeä0dgg^VOWRaise^PALẸ^PAL^XYY2XY
• ǩiẹʹđj00000

Even-syllabic verbs I, Palatalization of g:ǧ - used in reäiʹǧǧ+N+Sg+Nom: hole/reikä

• reäi0gg^PAL
• reäiʹǧǧ0 šäʹŋǧǧ+N+Sg+Com: pasty/piirakka
• šä^1VOW0ŋgg^V2VV^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2XY>in
• šaaʹŋǧ00000>in vueʹlǧǧed+Use/NG+V+Ind+Prs+Pl3 leave/lähteä
• vuâ0lgg^PALÄ^PAL>a

• vuäʹlǧǧ00>a

• veâ{ʹØ}rǧǧ^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^PALK
• vieʹrǧǧ0000

bioloog+N+Sg+Ill biologist

• bioloo0g^PAL>e
• biolooʹǧ0>e

huʹvǧǧi+N+Sg+Nom: rattle/suhistin

• hu^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}ggi^Pen^PAL
• hu0ʹv0ǧǧi00

ääʹǧǧes+N+Sg+Nom: **

• ä^1VOW{ʹØ}gges^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL^Pen^PALK
• ääʹǧǧes000000
• a^1VOW{ʹØ}lggi^Pen^PAL^Pen^PALK
• a0ʹlǧǧi0000

Even-syllabic verbs I, Palatalization of k:ǩ here - used in

hääʹsǩ Perhaps the stem should simply be häskk

• hää0sk^PAL
• hääʹsǩ0 testnẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}k^PAL^PALK

cieʹǩǩes+N+Sg+Ill: trick, type of ear mark/tikki, pykälä

• ceä{ʹØ}kˈkes^Pen^PALẸ^Pen^PAL^Pen^CCC2CC
• ciẹʹǩ0ǩes000000

mieʹlǩǩ+N+Sg+Acc: milk/maito

• meâ0lkk^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CC2C
• mieʹlǩ00000

rääʹǩǩes+A+Sg+Nom beloved/rakas

• rä^1VOW0kkes^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL
• rääʹǩǩes0000
• jo^1VOW0kk^PAL>e
• jo0ʹǩǩ0>e
• saa0kk^VV2V^PAL>e
• sa0ʹǩǩ00>e kåålvak+N+Sg+Loc
• kåålvak^RmVow^PALK>est
• kåålv0ǩ00>est

tõiŋsǩed+V+Inf

• tõõiŋâsk^Pen^VV2V^RmVow^PALK>ed
• tõ0iŋ0sǩ0000>ed
• ★tõõiŋâsk^Pen^VV2V^RmVow^PALK>ed (is not standard language)
• ★tõ0iŋ0sk0000>ed (is not standard language)

Even-syllabic nouns I, Depalatalization of ǩ:k - used in

• mätkk>a
• mätkk>a kaađneǩ+N+Sg+Ill:
• kaađnẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}ǩ{XC}^PALNo^C2CC>a
• kaađnẹ00kk00>a

prääʹzniǩ+N+Sg+Ill: celebration/juhla

• prääʹzniǩ^RmVow^PALNo>a
• prääʹzn0k00>a
• kaaddâšǩ^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow^PALNo>a
• ka0d00šk000000>a
• ★vieʹǩǩet%^PALNo (is not standard language)
• ★vieʹǩket0 (is not standard language)

Even-syllabic nouns, removing palatalization in -est +Loc nouns - removing palatalization in +Sg+Ill, pieʹss:peässa

• čââʹlmtẹ^1VOWm{XC}^C2CC>a
• čââʹlmtẹ0mm0>a stroitteʹl+N+Sg+Ill: plant/laitos
• stroitteʹl^RmVow^PALNo>a
• stroitt00l00>a prääʹzniǩ+N+Sg+Ill: celebration/juhla
• prääʹzniǩ^RmVow^PALNo>a
• prääʹzn0k00>a

Consonant QUANTITY CHANGE gradation rules

Weakening Consonant Cluster

dealing with relative length changes mõõnnâd : mõʹnne : mõõn

Even syllabic verbs I, cg m:0 - used with +Imp+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+ConNeg, oolmaž+N+Sg+Nom: person/henkilö

• o^1VOWlmm^V2VV^XYY2XY>až
• oolm000>až
• sää0mm^PAL^CC2C
• sääʹm000 kåʹmrded+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3 bow
• kååʹmmerd^PenVow2a
• kååʹmmard0 mainstummuš+N+Err/Orth+Sg+Gen: story telling/tarinointi
• ★mainstummu%^1VOWš{XC}^Pen^CC2C^V2VV%^K2GG (is not standard language)
• ★mainstummuužž0000 (is not standard language)

Even syllabic verbs I, cg for b - used neiʹbb+N+Sg+Gen: knife/veitsi

• nẹ^1VOWi0bb^V2VV^PAL^CC2C
• neeiʹb0000 vuäʹbb+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg2
• vuä{ʹØ}bˈb^VOWRaise^PALẸ^Allegro^PAL^CCC2CAllegro>stad
• vuẹʹb0000000>stad äʹrbb+N+Sg+Gen: heritage/perintö
• ä^1VOW0rbb^V2VV^PAL^XYY2XY
• ääʹrb0000 joorbâs+A+Sg+Nom
• jo^1VOWrbbâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2XY
• joorb0âs0000 kuâbsted
• kuâ{ˈ1}bbast^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow
• kuâˈb00st000

Even syllabic verbs I, second consonant loss p:0 - used in

• ǩiâpp^CC2C
• ǩiâv00
• vuäʹppest^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow>ed
• vuäʹp00st000>ed
• ka^1VOWmppâr^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2XY
• kaamp0âr0000
• ★ka%^1VOWmppâr^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2XY (is not standard language)
• ★kaamppâr0000 (is not standard language) riipâs+N+Sg+Nom: snail/etana
• rijppâs ^Pen:0 (Eng. ^XYY2VY:0)
• riip0âs ^Pen:0 (Eng. ^XYY2VY:0)

Even syllabic verbs I, cg v:0 - used with +Imp+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+ConNeg, teevvad > teev

• pẹ^1VOWi0vv^V2VV^PAL^CC2C
• peeiʹv0000 aasvâs+N+Sg+Nom: **
• a^1VOWsvvâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2XY
• aasv0âs0000 tuõvâs+N+Sg+Nom: candle/tuohus, kynttilä
• tuõvˈvâs^Pen^CCC2C
• tuõv00âs00 juʹvjj+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg3:
• ju^1VOWv0jj^VV2V^PAL^XYY2VY>stes
• ju0uʹj0000>stes
• ju{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}jj^VV2V^PAL^XYY2VY>stes
• juʹ00j0000>stes

f:0 - used in

kaaʹff+N+Sg+Gen coffee

• kaa0ff^PAL^CC2C
• kaaʹf000

Even syllabic verbs I, cg n:0 - used with +Imp+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+ConNeg, jiõnn:jiõn vueʹn+N+Sg+Nom: mother-in-law/anoppi

• vuâ0nˈn^PALE^PAL^CCC2C
• vueʹn00000 čuânj+N+Sg+Nom: goose/hanhi
• čuõnˈnj^VOWLower^CCC2C
• čuân00j00 jeäʹnn+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1: mother/äiti
• jeä0{ʹØ}nˈn^PALẸ^PAL^CCC2CAllegro>stan
• jiẹˈʹn00000>stan huânas+N+Sg+Nom: **
• huânˈnas^Pen^CCC2C
• huân00as00

Even syllabic nouns I, with extra lengthening of vowel ij>ii/uv>uu and dd>d - used with +N+Sg+Nom > +N+Sg+Gen, sijdd > siid

• ä^1VOWldd^V2VV^XYY2XY
• ääld000
• ä^1VOWldd^V2VV^VOWRaise^XYY2XY>už
• aald0000>už
• u^1VOWv0dd^PAL^XYY2VY
• u0uʹd000 juʹrdded+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1 think
• ju^1VOWrdd^V2VV^VOWLower^XYY2XY>am
• joord0000>am

uʹvdded+V+Ind+Prs+4:

• u^1VOWv0dd^PAL^XYY2VY>et

• u0uʹd000>et

• idd:id, +Imp+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+ConNeg double consonants following vowel and “i” at coda that become single consonants in gradation uudâs+N+Sg+Nom: creature/luomus
• uvddâs^Pen^XYY2VY
• uud0âs00

Even syllabic verbs I, cg for ʒ - used with pääʹʒʒelm+N+Sg+Ill: päʹʒlma sauʒʒ+N+Pl+Nom sheep/lammas

• sa^1VOWuʒʒ^V2VV^XYY2XY
• saauʒ000

ǯ:0 - used in kuʹvǯǯ+N+Sg+Gen

• ku^1VOW{ʹØ}v{ʹØ}ǯǯ^PAL^XYY2VY
• ku00uʹǯ000

č:0 - used in

c:0 - used in

• kä^1VOW{ʹØ}h{ʹØ}cces^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL^Pen^XYY2VY
• kä00uʹc0es000000

ž:0 - used in

väžsted+V+Inf

• vääžžast^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow^PALK>ed
• vä0ž00st000000>ed

z:0 - used in

• ǩeâsttez^PenVow2a^RmCns
• ǩeâstta000 juzrdâd+V+Inf:
• juuzzârd^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow
• ju0z00rd00000

Even syllabic verbs I, cg for đ - used with ǩiđđ:ǩiiđ

• ǩi^1VOWđđ^V2VV^CC2C
• ǩiiđ000
• o^1VOWđđâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^CC2C
• oođ0âs0000

Even syllabic verbs I, cg for r - used with võrr:võõr

• võ^1VOWrr^V2VV^CC2C
• võõr000
• paarr^CC2C
• paar00
• jä^1VOWu0rr^V2VV^PAL^CC2C
• jääuʹr0000 čårsted+V+Inf: descriminate/syrjiä
• čåårrast^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow>ed
• čå0r00st00000>ed
• ★čåårrast^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow>ed (is not standard language)
• ★čå0rr0st00000>ed (is not standard language)

Even syllabic verbs I, cg for l - used with vuʹvll+N+Sg+Gen: vuuʹl deriving

• to^1VOWll^V2VV^CC2C
• tool000
• stä^1VOW0llj^V2VV^PAL^CC2C
• stääʹl0j000 alttõõlli+N+NomAg+Pl+Gen
• alttõõll{ʼØ}i^CC2C
• alttõõl00i0

pääʹljes+N+Sg+Nom: path/polku

• pä^1VOW0lljes^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL^Pen^CC2C
• pääʹl0jes000000 talsted+V+Inf:
• taallâst^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow>ed
• ta0l00st00000>ed

vuʹvll+N+Sg+Gen:

• vu^1VOWv0ll^PAL^XYY2VY
• vu0uʹl000

deriving kueʹll+N+Sg+Gen: kueʹl

• kuâ0ll^V2VV^PALE^PAL^CC2C
• kueʹl00000

**j:0 ** - used in

ǩeʹrjj+N+Pl+Nom: book/kirja

• ǩẹ^1VOW0rjj^V2VV^PAL^XYY2XY
• ǩeeʹrj0000 tuâjj+N+Sg+Acc: work/työ
• tuâjj^CC2C
• tuâj00 tuâjj+N+Sg+Gen:tuâi
• tuâjj^J2I^CC2C
• tuâi000
• po^1VOWjjâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^CC2C
• pooj0âs0000

Even syllabic verbs I, cg for g - used in cõõggâlm+N+Sg+Ill

• cõõggâlm^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow>a
• cõ0g00lm00000>a
• ǩeâlggal^Pen^XYY2XY
• ǩeâlǥ0al00

äiʹǧǧ+N+Sg+Gen: time/aika

• ä^1VOWi0gg^V2VV^PAL^XYY2XY
• ääiʹj0000 reäiʹǧǧ+N+Pl+Nom: hole/reikä
• reäi0gg^PAL^XYY2XY
• reäiʹj000

Allegro loss ǧ - used in

• lååʹǧǧest^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow
• lå0ʹǧ00st00000

GEMINATE TO WEAK QUALITY GEMINATE Even syllabic nouns I, with extra lengthening of vowel V>VV and KK>ǤǤ - used in used with +N+Sg+Nom > +N+Sg+Gen for cases like lookki > looǥǥi.

čâustõk+N+Sg+Gen

• čâustõ^1VOW{ʹØ}k{XC}^V2VV^K2GG
• čâustõõ0ǥǥ00 with allegro čâustõk+N+Sg+Ela+PxSg3
• čâustõ{ʹØ}k^K2GAllegro>stes

• čâustõ0ǥ0>stes

• jo^1VOWkk^V2VV^KK2GG
• jooǥǥ00 puâǥǥ+N+Sg+Nom: **
• puõkˈk^VOWLower^KKK2GG
• puâǥ0ǥ00

čuâǥǥas+N+Sg+Nom road

• čuâkˈk^KKK2GG>as
• čuâǥ0ǥ0>as

loǥškueʹtted begin to read

• loo{ʹØ}kk^VV2V^KK2GAllegro»škueʹtted
• lo00ǥ000»škueʹtted

čõõǥǥâs

• čõ^1VOWkkâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^KK2GG
• čõõǥǥâs0000

Even syllabic nouns I, with extra lengthening of vowel V>VV and k:j - used in used with

. tuʹmstõk+N+Der/Dimin+N+Pl+Nom: decision/päätös, mietintö

• tuʹmstõ^1VOW0k{XC}^V2VV^PAL^K2GG>e
• tuʹmstõõʹjj000>e

with allegro

• suä0kk^PALẸ^PAL^KK2GG

• suẹʹjj000

• jeä0kˈkel^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^KKK2GG^RmVow>až
• jeeʹj0j0l0000000>až

Even syllabic nouns I, with extra lengthening of vowel V>VV and ǩ:j - used in used with

.

š:0 - used in Allegro

šapšš+N+Sg+Gen white fish/siika

• ša^1VOWpšš^V2VV^XYY2XY
• šaapš000 ruõšsted+V+Inf: **
• ruõ{ˈ1%}ššâst^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow>ed
• ruõˈš00st000>ed

Even syllabic verbs I, Voicing š:ž - ss:zz, +Imp+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+ConNeg, double consonants at coda become voiced in gradation lookkmõš+N+Sg+Gen

• lookkmõ^1VOWš{XC}^V2VV^K2GG

• lookkmõõžž00 with allegro

• pååss^VV2V^KK2GAllegro»škuätt
• på0z000»škuätt

mainstummuš+N+Sg+Gen:

• mainstummuš^VC
• mainstummuž0

Even syllabic verbs I, Voicing c:ʒ - cc:zz, +Imp+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+ConNeg, double consonants at coda become voiced in gradation

• čää0cc^PAL^KK2GG
• čääʹʒʒ00 čääʹcc+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg3
• čää0cc^VV2V^PAL^KK2GAllegro>stes
• čä0ʹʒ0000>stes
• čää0cc^PAL^KK2GG>stes
• čääʹʒʒ00>stes
• puõcˈc^VOWLower^PALÄ^KKK2GG
• puäʒ0ʒ000
• pååss^VV2V^KK2GAllegro»škuätt
• på0z000»škuätt

õõʒʒâs+N+Sg+Nom: high water/vuoksi

• õ^1VOWccâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^KK2GG
• õõʒʒâs0000

Even syllabic verbs I, Voicing č:j - ss:zz, +Imp+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+ConNeg, double consonants at coda become voiced in gradation

• pååss^VV2V^KK2GAllegro»škuätt
• på0z000»škuätt

Even syllabic verbs I, Voicing after long vowel or diphthong s:z s:z - ss:zz, +Imp+Sg2, +Ind+Prs+ConNeg, double consonants at coda become voiced in gradation tääʹss+N+Sg+Gen: level/taso

• tää0ss^PAL^KK2GG
• tääʹzz00
• mättʼtõ^1VOWs{XC}^V2VV^K2GG
• mättʼtõõzz00 with allegro

cieʹǩǩes+N+Sg+Gen: trick, type of ear mark/tikki, pykälä

• ★ciâkˈkes^Pen^VOWLower%^PenVow2a%^VC (is not standard language)
• ★ceäkˈkas0000 (is not standard language)
• pååss^VV2V^KK2GAllegro»škuätt
• på0z000»škuätt

čårrõs+N+Sg+Gen

• čårrõ^1VOW{ʹØ}s{XC}^V2VV^K2GG
• čårrõõ0zz00

Even syllabic verbs I, second consonant loss t:0 - used in autt+N+Pl+Nom car/auto

• a^1VOWutt^V2VV^CC2C
• aaut000 põrtt+N+Pl+Nom house/talo
• põ^1VOW{ʹØ}rtt^V2VV^XYY2XY

• põõ0rt000

• ko^1VOWnttâr^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2XY
• koont0âr0000 puʹtsted+V+Inf: **
• puuʹttest^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow
• pu0ʹt00st00000 piiutâs+N+Sg+Nom clothing/vaate
• pi^1VOWhttâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2VY
• piiut0âs0000 kääđas+N+Sg+Nom
• kä^1VOWttas^Pen^V2VV^Pen^CC2C
• kääđ0as0000

Consonant loss s:0 - used in

• sä^1VOWhss^V2VV^XYY2VY>am
• sääus000>am

ǩeeʹstes+N+Pl+Nom: glove/kinnas

• ǩeâ%{ʹØ%}sttes^PenVow2a^RmCns
• ǩeâ0stta000

uhss+N+Sg+Gen door

• uhss^XYY2VY
• uus00

ǩeäsʼsted+V+Inf:

• ǩeä{ˈ1}ssa0st^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow^PALK>ed
• ǩeäˈs00ʼst0000>ed âʹpsted+V+Inf: smell a little/haiskahtaa
• ââʹpsest^Pen^VV2V^RmVow
• â0ʹp00st000

Consonant loss ŋ:0 - used in

Consonant loss h:0 - used in ruʹhss+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg3:

• ru^1VOW0hss^VV2V^PAL^XYY2VY>stes
• ru0ʹ0s0000>stes påʹhlded+V+Inf: **
• pååʹhheld^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow
• på0ʹh00ld00000

Even syllabic verbs I, t>đ - tt:đ ǩiõtt+N+Sg+Loc+PxSg1 hand,arm/käsi

• ǩiõ0tt^Allegro^PAL^CC2CAllegro>stan
• ǩiõʹđ0000>stan autt+N+Pl+Nom car/auto
• ★a^1VOWutt^V2VV^CC2C (is not standard language)
• ★aauđ000 (is not standard language) puuttâd+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: end/loppua
• puutt^CC2C>i
• puuđ00>i kääđas+N+Sg+Nom:
• kä%^1VOWttas^Pen^V2VV^Pen^CC2C
• kääđ0as0000
• čuâ{ʹØ}ttes^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^CC2C
• čueʹđ0es000000

Even syllabic nouns I, p>v - pp:v

• ǩiâpp^CC2C
• ǩiâv00
• heäpˈpaš^Pen^CCC2C
• heäv00aš00

Consonant quality change ǥ:j - used in

• lääi0ǥ^PAL
• lääiʹj0 čiõʹlj+N+Sg+Nom: back/selkä
• čeâ{ʹØ}lǥ^VOWRaise^PAL

• čiõʹlj00

• jäämalǥ^Pen^VV2V^RmVow^PALK>ed
• jä0m0lj0000>ed

Even syllabic verbs I, second consonant loss k:0 - used in loǥškueʹtted begin to read

• lookk^VV2V^KK2GAllegro»škueʹtted
• lo0ǥ000»škueʹtted mieʹlǩǩ+N+Sg+Acc: milk/maito
• meâ0lkk^VOWRaise^PALE^PAL^CC2C
• mieʹlǩ00000
• pååss^VV2V^KK2GAllegro»škuätt
• på0z000»škuätt taalkâs+N+Sg+Nom
• ta^1VOWlkkâs^Pen^V2VV^Pen^XYY2XY

• taalk0âs0000

• jeä{ʹØ}kˈkel^Pen^PALE^Pen^PAL^Pen^KKK2ZERO
• jeeʹ000el000000 nââʹer+N+Sg+Nom sleep
• nâ^1VOW0kker^Pen^V2VV^Pen^PAL^Pen^KK2ZERO
• nââʹ00er000000

Even syllabic verbs I, second consonant loss ǩ:0 - used in

eʹǩrded+V+Inf

• eeʹǩǩerd^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow>ed
• e0ʹǩ00rd00000>ed

Even syllabic verbs I, second consonant loss ǥ:0 - used in

påǥsted+V+Inf

• pååǥǥast^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow>ed
• på0ǥ00st00000>ed

Even syllabic verbs I, lgg>lǥ vueʹlǧǧed+V+Ind+Prs+Sg2

• vuâ{ʹØ}lgg^XYY2XY>ak

• vuâ0lǥ00>ak

• ★vuâ{ʹØ}lgg^XYY2XY>ak (is not standard language)
• ★vuâ0lg00>ak (is not standard language) õlggâd+V+Cond+Sg3
• õ^1VOW{ʹØ}lgg^V2VV^XYY2XY>či
• õõ0lǥ000>či
• ★õ^1VOW{ʹØ}lgg^V2VV^XYY2XY>či (is not standard language)

• ★õõ0lg000>či (is not standard language)

• ǩeâlggal^Pen^XYY2XY
• ǩeâlǥ0al00
• aaggâst^Pen^VV2V^Pen^CC2C^RmVow>ed
• a0g00st00000>ed

even syllabic verbs I, ‘lgg>’lj - used in vueʹlǧǧed+V+Ind+Prt+Pl1

• vuâ0lgg^VOWRaise^PAL^XYY2XY>im
• vuõʹlj0000>im
• ä^1VOWi0gg^V2VV^PAL^XYY2XY
• ääiʹj0000 reäiʹǧǧ+N+Pl+Nom
• reäi0gg^PAL^XYY2XY
• reäiʹj000

Rules for cleaning up and composing end result

• Strengthening Consonant Cluster
• V shortening and C lengthening
• %^C2CC is generally used in conjunction with a preceding %^VV2V
• In verbs this will be observed in finite forms
• In derivational morphology, e.g. -škuetted, this is not the case

**Orthographic Consonant lengthening Weak to strong %{XC%}:Cx ** - used in

• čââʹlmtẹ^1VOWm{XC}^C2CC>a
• čââʹlmtẹ0mm0>a kaađneǩ+N+Sg+Gen
• kaađnẹ^1VOW{ʹØ}ǩ{XC}^PALNo^C2CC>a
• kaađnẹ00kk00>a

Orthographic Consonant lengthening Weak to strong %{XC%}:Cx for n and l - used in

• ma^1VOWnn^V2VV^VOWLower^CC2C

• mään0000

• puärˈr^VOWLower^CCC2C
• puär0000

suâl+N+Sg+Nom island

• suõlˈl^VOWLower^CCC2C

• suâl0000

• čââʹlmtẹ^1VOWm{XC}^C2CC>a
• čââʹlmtẹ0mm0>a

kååvas+N+Sg+Nom: kota

• kå^1VOWvvas^Pen^V2VV^Pen^CC2C
• kååv0as0000

kõõnjâl+N+Sg+Nom tear

• kõ^1VOWnnjâl^Pen^V2VV^Pen^CC2C
• kõõn0jâl0000

suâl+N+Nom island/saari

• suõlˈl^VOWLower^CCC2C
• suâl0000

ǩeâlǥal+N+Sg+Nom kilkura

• ǩeâlggal^Pen^XYY2XY

• ǩeâlǥ0al00

• dura^1VOWk{XC}^C2CC>a
• dura0kk0>a kaađneǩ+N+Sg+Ill:
• kaađne^1VOWǩ{XC}^PALNo^C2CC>a
• kaađne0kk00>a

čårrõs+N+Sg+Gen

• čårrõ^1VOWs{XC}^V2VV^K2GG
• čårrõõzz00

lookkmõš+N+Sg+Gen

• ★lookkmõ^1VOWš{XC}^V2VV^K2GG (is not standard language)
• ★lookkmõ0žž00 (is not standard language)

čâustõk+N+Sg+Gen

• čâustõ^1VOWk{XC}^V2VV^K2GG
• čâustõõǥǥ00

čâustõk+N+Sg+Gen

• čâustõ^1VOW0k{XC}^V2VV^PAL^K2GG^PALK:
• čâustõõʹjj0000

CONSONANT QUALITY CHANGE

Pedagogical X3 length mark after diphthongs in vertical line ˈ

Adding X3 length mark

Consonant X3 lengthening after diphthong in vertical line ˈ character - used in +N+Sg+Ill jeäll:jiâlˈlu, b c č ǯ d đ g ǧ k ǩ l m n p r s š t v also htˈt nˈnj

• kuâl0l^CC2CCC>a

• kuâlˈl0>a

• ǩeä0ssa0st^Pen^CC2CAllegro^RmVow^PALK>ed
• ǩeäˈs00ʼst0000>ed
• kue0ʹstelm^Pen^Allegro^RmVow>a
• kueˈʹst0lm000>a

Diphthong extra short marker in vertical line ˈ character - used in +N+Sg+Ill ciâlkâlm:ciâˈlklmest ciâlkâlm+N+Pl+Gen:

• ciâ{ˈ1}lkâlm^Pen^Allegro^RmVow>i
• ciâˈlk0lm000>i

Removing X3 length mark

Removing Consonant X3 length mark after diphthong in vertical line ˈ LEFT ARROW - deriving b c č ǯ d đ g ǧ k ǩ l m n p r s š t v also htˈt nˈnj

Removing Consonant X3 length mark after diphthong in vertical line ˈ LEFT ARROW - $ Sakssa-jânnam

Hyphen for splitting between look-alikes - used in Kääzzkõsraajõstuâjj-joouk

Sakssajânnam+N+Prop+Sg+Nom: (∑) Germany/Saksa

• Sakssa#jânnam
• Sakssa#jânnam
• ★Sakssa#jânnam (is not standard language)
• ★Sakssa-jânnam (is not standard language)

koummlo-õhtt+Num+Sg+Nom: (∑) 21

• koummlo#õhtt
• koummlo-õhtt
• ★koummlo#õhtt (is not standard language)
• ★koummlo#õhtt (is not standard language)

tuâjj+N+Cmp/SgNom+Cmp#joukk+N+Sg+Nom: team/työryhmä

• tuâjj#joukk
• tuâjj-joukk
• ★tuâjj#joukk (is not standard language)
• ★tuâjj#joukk (is not standard language)

sääʹmm+N+Cmp/SgGen+Cmp#musikk+N+Sg+Nom: Skolt Sámi music/kolttamusiikki sää0mm^PAL^CC2C{-Ø}#musikk sääʹm000-#musikk

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc

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src-fst-morphology-root.lexc.md

Skolt Sámi morphological analyser

This file contains all definitions of symbols written by more than one character, and it contains the initial Root lexicon.

Definitions for Multichar_Symbols

• +NoTransl No translation available

Grammatical tags

Tags for POS

• +A = Adjective
• +Adp = Adposition, i.e. Post- and Prepostion
• +Adv = Adverb
• +CC = Conjunction
• +CS = Subjunction
• +Det = Determiner
• +Interj = Interjection
• +N = Noun
• +Num = Numeral
• +Po = Postposition
• +Pr = Preposition
• +Pron = Pronoun
• +Pcle = Particle
• +V = Verb
• +Aux = Auxiliary

Pre-derivational POS tags for CG processing

• +Ex/N = Noun stem before derivation
• +Ex/Num = Number stem before derivation
• +Ex/A = Adjective stem before derivation
• +Ex/V = Verb stem before derivation

Tags for sub-POS

• +Prop - Proper noun
• +Pers - Personal Pronoun
• +Dem - Demonstrative Pronoun
• +Interr - Interrogative Pronoun
• +Refl - Reflexive Pronoun
• +Recipr - Reciprocal Pronoun
• +Rel - Relative Pronoun
• +Indef - Indefinitive Pronoun
• +Coll - Collective numerals
• +Arab - Arabic numeral
• +Rom - Roman numeral
• +Pass - hallat/haddat not in use
• +Qnt - SHOULD THIS be here or a Sem/Qnt
• +Pred
• +Attr Attributive form
• +Distr Distributive
• +Temp

Types of adverbs

• +Parenthetic
• +AssocColl
• +Guess

Number

• +Sg Singular = õõutilååkk
• +Du Dual = kuõiʹtilååkk
• +Pl Plural = määŋgailååkk

Case

• +Nom Nominative = nominativ
• +Gen Genitive
• +Acc Accusative
• +Ill Illative
• +Loc Locative
• +Com Comitative
• +Ess Essive
• +Par Partative
• +Prl Prolative
• +Abe Abessive
• +Lat Lative lääinas, säämas, toimmpââjas

symbols ?

• +Ine
• +Ela

Possessive suffix

• +PxSg1
• +PxSg2
• +PxSg3
• +PxPl1
• +PxPl2
• +PxPl3

Adjective declension

• +Der/Comp comparative as in other Sami languages, depricate +Comp
• +Der/Superl superlative previously Der/mos Der/umus Der/ummus, depricate +Superl
• +Ord -
• +GenAttr Genitive attribute used as adjective?

Verb forms Veʹrbbååʹbleʹǩ

• +Actor
• +Actio
• +ActEss -men
• +NomAg CHECK ME
• +Kin Kin term This may need to be removed, let Sem/Hum-kin suffice
• +Ind Indicative mood
• +Prs Present
• +Prt Preterite
• +Pot Potential mood
• +Cond Conditional mood
• +Imprt Imperative mood
• +ImprtII
• +Sup
• +Inf
• +Ger gerund +Ess, +Loc +Instr
• +Instr -eeʹl
• +ConNeg
• +ConNegII
• +Neg
• +PrsPrc
• +PrfPrc
• +VGen
• +VAbess

###Valence

• +IV Intransitive
• +TV Transitive
• +Act Active voice
• +Pass Passive voice

Person-number

• +Sg1 first person singular
• +Sg2 second person singular
• +Sg3 third person singular
• +Du1 first person dual
• +Du2 second person dual
• +Du3 third person dual
• +Pl1 first person plural
• +Pl2 second person plural
• +Pl3 third person plural
• +Sg4 impersonal fourth person, in MT a Pl4 might be needed
• +13 used in combination with +Imp+13+ConNeg
• +2 used in combination with +Imp+2+ConNeg

Homonymy

• +Hom1
• +Hom2
• +Hom3
• +Hom4

Derivation

All non-positional derivations should be preceded by this tag, to make it possible to target regular expressions at all derivations in a language-independent way: just specify +Der|+Der1 .. +Der5 and you are set.

• +Der
• +Der/Ord Num»A ordinal
• +Der/Car N»A -tem, -teʹmes
• +Der/Dimin diminutive derivation N»N was Der/Dim,
• +Der/st V»V was diminutive subitive Der/sted, Der/âʹstted
• +Der/ad ordinals to nouns
• +Der/i N»A luõss » luõʹssi, čääʹcc » čäccai ‘rich in’ Sg.Ill
• +Der/PALi rupp » ruʹppi ATTR ruʹppes DEPRICATE
• +Der/teqm carative derivation N»A, V»A -teʹm
• +Der/t carative derivation N»A for subsequent derivation Noun derivation
• +Der/musj deverbal derivation V»N architype mõš and mmuš was Der/MOsh
• +Der/vuota A»N -vuõtt
• +Der/lasj
• +Der/neqkh N»N resident of place
• +Der1
• +Der2
• +Der3
• +Der4
• +Der5

Verb derivation

• +Der/InchL incoative V»V -škueʹtted
• +Der/Caus causative V»V, was Der/ted and Der/âʹtted
• +Der/jed inchoative V»V also middle
• +Der/oottyd reflexive reciprocal V»V -õõttâd
• +Der/oovvyd V»V kulsted: kulstõõvvâd
• +Der/oollyd V»V -õõllâd
• +Der/stoollyd V»V -stõõllâd
• +Der/stoovvyd V»V -stõõvvâd
• +Der/toovvyd privative + translative N»V –tõõvvâd
• +Der/ched frequentative V»V for ʹCCed verbs -čed
• +Der/NomAg agent V»N
• +Der/NomAct action V»N +Der/m

Tags for originating language

The following tags are used to guide conversion to IPA: loan words and foreign names are usually pronounced (approximately) as in the originating (majority) language. Instead of trying to identify the correct pronunciation based on phonotactics (orthotactics actually), we tag all words that can’t be correctly transcribed using the SME transcriber with source language codes. Once tagged, it is possible to split the lexical transducer in smaller ones according to langu- age, and apply different IPA conversion to each of them.

The principle of tagging is that we only tag to the extent needed, and following a priority:

1. any untagged word is pronounced with SME orthographic conventions
2. NNO and NOB have identical pronunciation, NNO is only used if different in spelling from NOB
3. SWE has mostly the same pronunciation as NOB, and is only used if different in spelling from NOB
4. Occasionally even SME (the default) may be tagged, to block other languages from being specified, mainly during semi-automatic language tagging sessions

All in all, we want to get as much correctly transcribed to IPA with as little work as possible. On the other hand, if more words are tagged than strictly needed, this should pose no problem as long as the IPA conversion is correct - at least some words will get the same pronunciation whether read as SME or NOB/NNO/SWE.

• +OLang/SME - North Sámi
• +OLang/SMA - South Sámi
• +OLang/SMN - Inari Sámi
• +OLang/SMS - Skolt Sámi
• +OLang/RUS - Russian
• +OLang/FIN - Finnish
• +OLang/SWE - Swedish
• +OLang/NOB - Norw. bokmål
• +OLang/NNO - Norw. nynorsk
• +OLang/ENG - English
• +OLang/UND - Undefined
• +OLang/PARA - parallelle navn, navnet skal ikke overføres til andre samisk språk

Government tags

• +%<acc%>
• +%<ess%>
• +%<gen%>
• +%<ill%>
• +%<loc%> this will be added to the preposition tagging mâŋŋa jââđast
• +%<nom%>

Semantic tags

• +Sem/Act = Activity
• +Sem/Adr = Webadr
• +Sem/Amount = Amount
• +Sem/Ani Animate (names)
• +Sem/Ani-fish Animate
• +Sem/Aniprod = Animal Product
• +Sem/Ant Anthroponym (names)
• +Sem/Body = Bodypart
• +Sem/Body-abstr = siellu, vuoig?a, jierbmi
• +Sem/Build = Building
• +Sem/Build-part = Part of Bulding, like the closet
• +Sem/Cat = Category
• +Sem/Clth = Clothes
• +Sem/Clth-jewl = Jewelery
• +Sem/Clth-part = part of clothes, boallu, sávdnji…
• +Sem/Constellation
• +Sem/Ctain = Container
• +Sem/Ctain-abstr = Abstract container like bank account
• +Sem/Ctain-clth = Soft container, like a rucksack
• +Sem/Curr = Currency like dollár, Not Money
• +Sem/Dance = Dance
• +Sem/Date = Number as date
• +Sem/Dir = Direction like GPS-kursa
• +Sem/Domain = Domain like politics, reindeerherding (a system of actions)
• +Sem/Drink = Drink
• +Sem/Dummytag = Dummytag
• +Sem/Edu = Educational event
• +Sem/Event = Event
• +Sem/Feat = Feature, like Árvu
• +Sem/Feat-measr = Psychological feauture
• +Sem/Feat-phys = Physiological feature, ivdni, fárda
• +Sem/Feat-psych = Psychological feauture
• +Sem/Fem = Female name
• +Sem/Food = Food
• +Sem/Food-med = Medicine
• +Sem/Furn = Furniture
• +Sem/Game = Game
• +Sem/Geom = Geometrical object
• +Sem/Group = Animal or Human Group
• +Sem/Holiday
• +Sem/Hum = Human
• +Sem/Hum-abstr = Human abstract
• +Sem/ID = number as identity tag, not as amount
• +Sem/Ideol = Ideology
• +Sem/Kin for deprication to Sem/Hum-kin
• +Sem/Hum-kin =
• +Sem/Lang = Language
• +Sem/Mal = Male name
• +Sem/Manner
• +Sem/Mat = Material for producing things
• +Sem/Measr = Measure
• +Sem/Money = Has to do with money, like wages, not Curr(ency)
• +Sem/Obj (names)
• +Sem/Obj-clo = Cloth
• +Sem/Obj-cogn = Cloth
• +Sem/Obj-el = (Electrical) machine or apparatus
• +Sem/Obj-ling = Object with something written on it
• +Sem/Obj-rope = flexible ropelike object
• +Sem/Obj-surfc = Surface object
• +Sem/Org Organization (names)
• +Sem/Part = Feature, oassi, bealli
• +Sem/Perc-cogn = Cloth
• +Sem/Perc-emo = Emotional perception
• +Sem/Perc-phys = Physical perception
• +Sem/Perc-psych = Psychical perception
• +Sem/Plant = Plant
• +Sem/Plant-part = Plant part
• +Sem/Plc Place name (names)
• +Sem/Plc-abstr = Abstract place
• +Sem/Plc-elevate = Place
• +Sem/Plc-line = Place
• +Sem/Plc-water = Place
• +Sem/Pos = Position (as in social position job)
• +Sem/Process = Process
• +Sem/Prod = Product
• +Sem/Prod-audio = Audio product
• +Sem/Prod-cogn = Cognition product
• +Sem/Prod-ling = Linguistic product
• +Sem/Prod-vis = Visual product
• +Sem/Rel = Relation
• +Sem/Route = Route
• +Sem/Rule = Rule or convention
• +Sem/Semcon = Semantic concept
• +Sem/Sign = Sign (e.g. numbers, punctuation)
• +Sem/Sport = Sport
• +Sem/State =
• +Sem/State-sick = Illness
• +Sem/Substnc = Substance, like Air and Water
• +Sem/Sur Surname (names)
• +Sem/Symbol = Symbol
• +Sem/Time = Time
• +Sem/Time-clock = Time
• +Sem/Tool = Prototypical tool for repairing things
• +Sem/Tool-catch = Tool used for catching (e.g. fish)
• +Sem/Tool-clean = Tool used for cleaning
• +Sem/Tool-it = Tool used in IT
• +Sem/Tool-measr = Tool used for measuring
• +Sem/Tool-music = Music instrument
• +Sem/Tool-write = Writing tool
• +Sem/Txt = Text (girji, lávlla…)
• +Sem/Veh = Vehicle
• +Sem/Wpn = Weapon
• +Sem/Wthr = The Weather or the state of ground
• +Sem/Year = Year

Multiple Semantic tags:

• +Sem/Act_Fruit
• +Sem/Act_Group Activity and Group
• +Sem/Act_Plc A persons job is an activity, and a place as well
• +Sem/Act_Route Activity and Route, ie johtolat
• +Sem/Amount_Build Amount and Building
• +Sem/Amount_Semcon
• +Sem/Ani_Body-abstr_Hum
• +Sem/Ani_Build
• +Sem/Ani_Build-part
• +Sem/Ani_Build_Hum_Txt
• +Sem/Ani_Group
• +Sem/Ani_Group_Hum
• +Sem/Ani_Group_Prod-vis
• +Sem/Ani_Hum
• +Sem/Ani_Hum_Plc
• +Sem/Ani_Hum_Time
• +Sem/Ani_Plc
• +Sem/Ani_Plc_Txt
• +Sem/Ani_Time
• +Sem/Ani_Veh
• +Sem/Aniprod_Hum
• +Sem/Aniprod_Obj-clo
• +Sem/Aniprod_Perc-phys
• +Sem/Aniprod_Plc
• +Sem/Aniprod_Plc_Route
• +Sem/Body-abstr_Feat-cogn
• +Sem/Body-abstr_Prod-audio_Semcon
• +Sem/Body_Body-abstr
• +Sem/Body_Clth
• +Sem/Body_Food
• +Sem/Body_Group_Hum
• +Sem/Body_Group_Hum_Time
• +Sem/Body_Hum
• +Sem/Body_Mat
• +Sem/Body_Measr
• +Sem/Body_Obj_Tool-catch
• +Sem/Body_Plc
• +Sem/Body_Plc-elevate
• +Sem/Body_Time
• +Sem/Build-part_Cat
• +Sem/Build-part_Cat_Ctain
• +Sem/Build-part_Cat_Ctain_Mat
• +Sem/Build-part_Ctain
• +Sem/Build-part_Ctain_Mat
• +Sem/Build-part_Ctain_Obj
• +Sem/Build-part_Plc
• +Sem/Build_Build-part
• +Sem/Build_Clth-part
• +Sem/Build_Edu_Org
• +Sem/Build_Event_Org
• +Sem/Build_Obj
• +Sem/Build_Org
• +Sem/Build_Route
• +Sem/Cat_Group_Hum
• +Sem/Cat_Group_Hum_Plc
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Curr
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Curr_Obj
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Curr_Obj_Org
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Fruit
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Money
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Org
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Plant
• +Sem/Clth_Hum
• +Sem/Clth_Obj-clo
• +Sem/Ctain-abstr_Org
• +Sem/Ctain-clth_Plant
• +Sem/Ctain-clth_Veh
• +Sem/Ctain_Feat-phys
• +Sem/Ctain_Furn
• +Sem/Ctain_Plc
• +Sem/Ctain_Tool
• +Sem/Ctain_Tool-measr
• +Sem/Curr_Org
• +Sem/Dance_Org
• +Sem/Dance_Prod-audio
• +Sem/Domain_Food-med
• +Sem/Domain_Hum
• +Sem/Domain_Prod-audio
• +Sem/Drink_Plant
• +Sem/Edu_Event
• +Sem/Edu_Geom
• +Sem/Edu_Group_Hum
• +Sem/Edu_Hum
• +Sem/Edu_Mat
• +Sem/Edu_Org
• +Sem/Event_Food
• +Sem/Event_Hum
• +Sem/Event_Plc
• +Sem/Event_Plc-elevate
• +Sem/Event_Time
• +Sem/Feat-measr_Plc
• +Sem/Feat-phys_Tool-write
• +Sem/Feat-phys_Veh
• +Sem/Feat-phys_Wthr
• +Sem/Feat-psych_Hum
• +Sem/Feat-psych_Plc
• +Sem/Feat_Plant
• +Sem/Food_Obj-surfc
• +Sem/Food_Perc-phys
• +Sem/Food_Plant
• +Sem/Fruit_Hum
• +Sem/Game_Obj-play
• +Sem/Geom_Hum_Plc
• +Sem/Geom_Obj
• +Sem/Group_Hum
• +Sem/Group_Hum_Org
• +Sem/Group_Hum_Plc
• +Sem/Group_Hum_Prod-vis
• +Sem/Group_Org
• +Sem/Group_Prod-vis
• +Sem/Group_Sign
• +Sem/Group_Txt
• +Sem/Hum_Lang
• +Sem/Hum_Lang_Plc
• +Sem/Hum_Lang_Time
• +Sem/Hum_Mat_Tool
• +Sem/Hum_Obj
• +Sem/Hum_Org
• +Sem/Hum_Plant
• +Sem/Hum_Plc
• +Sem/Hum_Sign
• +Sem/Hum_Tool
• +Sem/Hum_Tool-it = Human
• +Sem/Hum_Veh
• +Sem/Hum_Wthr
• +Sem/Lang_Tool
• +Sem/Mat_Plant
• +Sem/Mat_Txt
• +Sem/Measr_Sign = Sign (e.g. numbers, punctuation)
• +Sem/Measr_Time
• +Sem/Money_Obj
• +Sem/Money_Part
• +Sem/Money_Txt
• +Sem/Obj-ling_Obj-surfc
• +Sem/Obj-play
• +Sem/Obj-play_Sport
• +Sem/Obj_Semcon
• +Sem/Obj_Sign
• +Sem/Obj_State
• +Sem/Obj_Symbol
• +Sem/Obj_Veh
• +Sem/Oeuvre (not used so far (?)), note oeu-
• +Sem/Oeuvre-txt (so far only Biblija, changed to Sem/Txt)
• +Sem/Org_Prod-audio
• +Sem/Org_Prod-cogn
• +Sem/Org_Prod-vis
• +Sem/Org_Rule
• +Sem/Org_Txt
• +Sem/Org_Veh
• +Sem/Part_Prod-cogn
• +Sem/Part_Substnc
• +Sem/Perc-emo_Wthr
• +Sem/Plant_Plant-part
• +Sem/Plant_Tool
• +Sem/Plant_Tool-measr
• +Sem/Plc-abstr_Rel_State
• +Sem/Plc-abstr_Route
• +Sem/Plc_Pos
• +Sem/Plc_Route
• +Sem/Plc_State
• +Sem/Plc_Substnc
• +Sem/Plc_Substnc_Wthr
• +Sem/Plc_Time
• +Sem/Plc_Time_Wthr
• +Sem/Plc_Tool-catch
• +Sem/Plc_Wthr
• +Sem/Prod-audio_Txt
• +Sem/Prod-cogn_Txt
• +Sem/Semcon_Txt
• +Sem/State-sick_Substnc
• +Sem/Substnc_Wthr
• +Sem/Time_Wthr

Clitic

• +Clt
• +Qst Question particle -a
• +Qst/a Question particle -a
• +Qst/ko Question particle -ko might be used with Use/NG
• +Qst/ǥo
• +Qst/go
• +Foc/AA more specifically, exactly, contrast. used with Pron and Adv
• +Foc/o
• +Foc/i This might be used with
• +Foc/han This might be used with Use/NG
• +Foc/ka This might be used with Use/NG ij-ka
• +Foc/kahan
• +Foc/ǥa
• +Foc/ga
• +Foc/ki This might be used with Use/NG
• +Foc/son
• +Foc/jõs
• +Foc/õs
• +Foc/ǥõs
• +Foc/mes
• +Foc/ba
• +Foc/âs
• +Foc/ât
• +Foc/tâma
• +Foc/tõt
• +Foc/šât

Tags distinguishing different versions of the same lemma (before POS)

In the xml the varid attribute is used in the st element with a mere numeric value an extra lemma attribute is inserted in the st element, e.g. lemma=”tõlvvad”

• +v1
• +v2
• +v3
• +v4
• +v5
• +v6
• +v7
• +v8
• +v9
• +v10
• +v11
• +v12
• +v13
• +v14
• +v15
• +v16
• +v17
• +v18
• +v19
• +v20
• +v21
• +v22
• +v23
• +v24

Other tags

• +ABBR = Abbreviation
• +ACR = Acronym
• +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
• +CLB = Clause border (full stop, comma..)
• +CLBfinal = Sentence final abbreviated expression ending in full stop, the full stop is ambiguous
• +PUNCT = punctuation
• +LEFT = left paranthesis
• +RIGHT = right paranthesis
• +Prefix = prefix
• +Dyn = Dynamically generated (acronyms)
• ^GUESSNOUNROOT

Punctuation

• +HYPH

Letters

Skolt Saami letters

These definitions are probably not needed

• č
• đ
• š
• ŧ
• ž
• Ʒ
• ǥ
• ǧ
• ǩ
• Ǯ
• ǯ
• Ǥ

Archiphonemes

These are for letters with special behaviour. Say that all m-s change to n in a given context, but not this m, because it is m2. In twolc these are then defined m2:m, etc, i.e. the m2 is an m, although it is a different m.

Diacritic marks

These symbol govern the way the morphophonological rules treat the affix string.

This project started out using arbitrary names, X1, X2…, but since they were hard to remember, we changed to (a bit) more transparent names (^DIADEL, …). On the TODO-list: Change all X1, X2, … to easy-to-remember names. Special iterations

• %^a2 %^ä2 %^å2 %^â2 %^e2 %^ẹ2 %^o2 %^õ2 %^i2 %^u2
• %^b2 %^c2 %^č2 %^ʒ2 %^ǯ2 %^d2 %^đ2 %^f2 %^ǧ2 %^h2 %^j2
• %^ǩ2 %^l2 %^m2 %^n2 %^p2 %^r2 %^s2 %^š2 %^t2 %^v2 %^z2
• %^ž2

Consonant lengthening

• %{XC%}

Vowel length and height

• %{õuØ%}
• %{ouØ%}
• %{âõØ%}
• %{ẹiØ%}
• %{äaØ%}
• %{äåØ%}
• %{eiØ%}
• %{åoØ%}
• %{ẹeiØ%}

for vowel height, by default vowels are low.

• %{õu%}
• %{ou%}
• %{âõ%}
• %{ẹi%}
• %{äa%}
• %{äå%}
• %{ei%}
• %{åo%}
• %{ẹei%}
• %{âõe%}
• %{âõäe%}

CHARACTERISTIC BREAKDOWN 2015-02-17

• %^Allegro - Allegro in general shortens consonant and preceding vowel
• %^VV2V Shortens vowel
• %^V2VV Lengthens vowel
• %^CC2C Shortens consonant
• %^CC2CAllegro Shortens consonant
• %^C2CC Lengthens consonant
• %^CC2CCC Strong to Extra Strong consonant
• %^CCC2C Extra Strong to Weak consonant
• %^CCC2CAllegro Extra Strong to Weak consonant
• %^CCC2CC Extra Strong to Strong consonant
• %^YXX2YX Shortens consonant cluster
• %^YXX2VX Consonant cluster to vowel and consonant sijdd:siid
• %^YXX2VXX Consonant cluster to vowel and geminate uvdd:ouʹdd
• %^YXX2IX Consonant cluster to i and consonant kueʹhtt:kueiʹt
• %^VX2YXX Consonant cluster i/u to j/v
• %^VXX2YXX Consonant cluster i/u to j/v
• %^KKK2GG Geminate weakening
• %^KKK2G Strong Geminate allegro
• %^KK2GG Geminate weakening jokk:jooǥǥ
• %^K2GG Geminate weakening čårrõs:čårrõõzz
• %^KK2GAllegro Geminate weakening in allegro pååss:påz
• %^K2GAllegro Geminate weakening in allegro čâustõk
• %^APen for combinations 2015-10-04 Jack
• %^Pen for combinations 2015-09-28 Miikka
• %^KK2ZERO Geminate weakening nââʹer
• %^J2I in tuâjj:tuâi
• %^I2J in agent names
• %^I2Zero in agent names
• %{ʹØ%} Modifier Letter prime
• %{ʼØ%} used between l, n, j and subsequent j and elsewhere
• %{ˈ1%} This is modifier letter verticle line after diphthongs

Gradation triggers 2015.01.23

• %^XSt2St Causes weakening from extra strong to strong
• %^XSt2W Causes weakening from extra strong to weak
• %^St2W Causes weakening from strong to weak
• %^W2St Causes strengthening from weak to strong
• %^W2XSt Causes strengthening from weak to extra strong
• %^St2XSt Causes strengthening from strong to extra strong

Gradation triggers 2015.02.09 For Consonant Clusters

• %^XSt2StCluster Causes weakening from extra strong to strong in clusters
• %^St2XStCluster Causes strengthening from strong to extra strong in clusters

Diacritic with mnemonic names

• %^1VOW vowel position and length
• %^2VOW
• %^3VOW
• %^4VOW
• %^5VOW
• %^CLong
• %^CShort
• %^CXLong
• %^DIADEL deleting diacritic
• %^DIAINS inserting diacritic
• %^FRICG for causing fricative ǥ vueʹlǧǧed+V+Imp+Pl3: vuâlǥǥaz
• %^IMPSG2
• %^INDPRSSG3
• %^PenVow2a Changes penultimate vowel to a; e:a â:a
• %^P3 … means what?
• %^PAL for placing palatalization mark ʹ
• %^PALK causes k:ǩ and g:ǧ
• %^PALNo This is to facilitate +Sg+Nom lemma:stem equivalence; it removes palatal supersegmental
• %^PALI Palatalisation causes â:i, etc.
• %^PALE Palatalisation causes â:e, etc.
• %^PALÄ Palatalisation causes â:ä, etc.
• %^PALẸ Palatalisation causes å:ẹ suẹjj BUT suejjin (cf. 2012: 150, but )
• %^PALÂ Depalatalisation causes 0:â keâmnna
• %^PALÕ Depalatalisation causes â:õ tiõttum
• %^RmVow for removing vowels e, â, a before final consonant in stem
• %^UltRmVow for removing vowels e, â, a after final consonant in stem
• %^RmCns for removing stem final consonant, e.g. final z in ǩeeʹstes:ǩeâsttez ǩeâstta
• %^VC Voicing s:z š:ž
• %^Br break rule, e.g. eʹč^Br>{ʼØ}č
• %^VOWLower for lowering i>e, õ>â, â>ä, u>o, o>å
• %^U2Õ lowers u>õ
• %^VOWRaise for raising e>i, ä>e
• %^VOWL for lengthening BEING PHASED OUT
• %^VOWXSH for extra shortening
• %^VOWXL for extralengthening
• %^Â Indicates placement of â in stem
• %{VU%} used with stuuʹl
• %{A1%} used with vuejted
• %{E1%} used with kåʹmrded
• %{Â1%} used with mainsted
• %{Â1%} archiform for MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT used in stems where the lemma does not contain a MODIFIER LETTER ACUTE ACCENT and yet the paradigm requires one.
• %{EÂ%} archiform for ie:eä variation, e.g. pieʹǩǩ+N+Sg+Ill:peâkka

Hyphen at compound word boundary

• %{EÂ%} - Zero versus hyphen in compounding
• %^Hyphen - at compound word boundary with %-
• %^NoHyphen - at compound word boundary

Escaped symbols

Symbols that need to be escaped on the lower side (towards twolc):

• »
• «
• <

The Usage extents are marked using following tags:

• +Err/Orth substandard, not in normative fst
• +Err/Orth-not-apos-but-hyph substandard, old orth look-alikes are separated by a hyphen
• +Err/Orth-missing-apos substandard, missing apostrophe
• +Err/Orth-k-kh substandard k, not in normative fst ǩ(, should be kuõccjiǩ and not kuõccjik)
• +Err/Orth-a-y substandard a, not in normative fst â
• +Err/Orth-o-uq substandard o, not in normative fst uʹ (e.g. illative kuʹmppe and not komppa)
• +Err/Orth-no-q substandard missing ʹ as in mâiʹd-ne (->) mâid-ne
• +Err/Orth-extra-q substandard extra ʹ as in aanarneʹǩ (->) aanarneǩ
• +Err/Orth-pal-vow substandard palatalized diphthong ieʹ should be eä or eâ; ueʹ should be uä, uâ
• +Err/Orth-should-be-grade-minus1 substandard raajeeʹl (->) raajjeeʹl
• +Err/Lex substandard, not in normative fst, no normative lemma
• +Err/DerSub substandard for derivation, not in normative fst, no normative lemma
• +Err/CmpSub substandard for compounding, not in normative fst (wrong form or POS in first part)
• +Err/MissingHyph substandard for compounding, not in normative fst (needs hyph)
• +Err/Hyph substandard for compounding, not in normative fst (should have no hyphen)
• +Err/SpaceCmp used for compounds written apart - only retained in the HFST Grammar Checker disambiguation analyser
• +Err/Spellrelax used to tag spellrelaxed typos (tag is inserted via flag diacritics)
• +Err/GenreLeudd
• +Err/Orth-nom-acc

• +Err/Orth-nom-gen | +Err/MissingSpace | in use ins smi lexc

• +Use/Marg marginal (?)
• +Use/-Spell Excluded in speller
• +Use/SpellNoSugg recognized but not suggested in speller
• +Use/Circ circular paths (old ^C^)
• +Use/CircN circular paths for the numerals (old ^N^)
• +Use/NG not-generate, for ped generation isme-ped.fst
• +Use/NGminip not-generate, for ped generation isme-ped.fst
• +Use/Ped for use with pedagogical work
• +Largo largo variant instead of allegro saaǥǥstõõllâd vs saǥstõõllâd
• +Allegro never last element of compound words
• +MWE never last element of compound words
• +Use/GC – only retained in the HFST Grammar Checker disambiguation analyser
• +Use/-GC – never retained in the HFST Grammar Checker disambiguation analyser
• +Use/TTS – only retained in the HFST Text-To-Speech disambiguation tokeniser
• +Use/-TTS – never retained in the HFST Text-To-Speech disambiguation tokeniser

Dialect tags:

• +Dial/P Paatsjoki (KKS)
• +Dial/Pets Petsamo
• +Dial/N Nuortjärvi (KKS)

• +Dial/S Suonikylä (KKS)

• +South
• +Txt

Compounding

• +Cmp
• +CmpNP/First
• +CmpNP/Pref
• +CmpNP/None
• +CmpN/PlG
• +CmpN/SgG

• +CmpN/SgN

• +Cmp - Dynamic compound. This tag should always be part   of a dynamic compound. It is important for   Apertium, and useful in other cases as well.
• +Cmp/Attr - Attributive
• +Cmp/SgNom - Singular Nominative
• +Cmp/SgGen - Singular Genitive
• +Cmp/PlGen - Plural Genitiv
• +Cmp/SplitR - This is a split compound with the other part to   the right: “Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet”   => Arbeids- = +Cmp/SplitR
• +Cmp/SplitL - This is a split compound with the other part to the left
• +Cmp/Sh - testing +Cmp/Sh
• +Cmp/Hyph - on dynamic compounds that have a hyphen
• +Cmp/NoHyph - On compounds that COULD have had a hyphen (and usually have), but doesn’t
• +Cmp/SoftHyph - Tags compounds containing SOFT HYPHENS (U+00AD)
• +Cmp/Cit - Tags citation compounds, which can in principle cover any word. Requires a hyphen.
• +Use/PMatch -
• +Use/-PMatch -

Flag diacritics

| Flag | Explanation | — | —

• @P.AssocColl.ON@ Used with Kin terms and Ant
• @R.AssocColl.ON@
• @C.AssocColl@

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

Flag	Explanation
@P.NeedNoun.ON@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@D.NeedNoun.ON@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@C.NeedNoun@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

Flag	Explanation
@P.CmpFrst.FALSE@	Require that words tagged as such only appear first
@D.CmpPref.TRUE@	Block such words from entering ENDLEX
@P.CmpPref.FALSE@	Block these words from making further compounds
@D.CmpLast.TRUE@	Block such words from entering R
@D.CmpNone.TRUE@	Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding
@U.CmpNone.FALSE@	Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding
@P.CmpOnly.TRUE@	Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R
@D.CmpOnly.FALSE@	Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

Flag	Explanation
@U.Cap.Obl@	Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
@U.Cap.Opt@	Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
@C.ErrOrth@	tbw
@R.ErrOrth.ON@	tbw
@D.ErrOrth.ON@	tbw
@P.ErrOrth.ON@	tbw
@P.Pmatch.Backtrack@	tbw

• @U.NUMORTH.YES@
• @N.NUMORTH.YES@
• @D.NUMORTH.YES@

Flag diacritic	Explanation
@U.number.one@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.two@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.three@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.four@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.five@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.six@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.seven@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.eight@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.nine@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.zero@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;

@P.number.one@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.two@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.three@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.four@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.five@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.six@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.seven@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.eight@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.nine@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.ten@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.zero@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;

Basic lexica, pointing to the other lexicon files

• LEXICON Root
• Abbreviation ; abbreviations
• Adposition ;
• @U.Cap.Obl@ ProperNoun ;

• @U.Cap.Opt@ ProperNoun ;

• Subjunction ;
• Conjunction ;
• Interjection ;
• Pronoun ;
• Punctuation ;
• Symbols ;
• Particle ; This generates from merged materials
• A_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials
• TRAB_sms2x ; transitive abbreviations
• TRNUMAB_sms2x ; transitive abbreviations with numerals
• Adp_sms2x ; adpositions
• Adv_sms2x ; adverbs
• CC_sms2x ; conjunctions
• CS_sms2x ; subjunctions
• Det_sms2x ; determiners
• Interj_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials
• @P.AssocColl.ON@ N_Kin_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials
• N_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials
• +Cmp/SplitL+Use/SpellNoSugg#:%-# N_sms2x ; This allows split compound nouns
• @P.AssocColl.ON@ N_Prop_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials
• @U.Cap.Obl@ N_Prop_Toponyms_sms2x ; Toponymy
• @U.Cap.Opt@ N_Prop_Toponyms_sms2x ; Toponymy
• Num_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials
• Pcle_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials
• Prefix_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials
• Pron_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials

• V_sms2x ; This generates from merged materials

• Numeral ; This feeds Arabi numerals, borrowed from sme

• A_NEWWORDS ; These are new adjectives beginning 2015-02-11
• ADP_NEWWORDS ; These are new adpositions
• ADV_NEWWORDS ; These are new adverbs
• CC_NEWWORDS ; These are new conjunctions
• N_NEWWORDS ; These are new nouns beginning 2015-01-10
• PCLE_NEWWORDS ; These are particles
• PRON_NEWWORDS ; These are pronouns
• @U.Cap.Obl@ PROP_NEWWORDS ; These are new proper nouns beginning 2015-03-04
• @U.Cap.Opt@ PROP_NEWWORDS ; These are new proper nouns beginning 2015-03-04
• @U.Cap.Obl@ TOPONYMS_NEWWORDS ; 2016-02-06
• @U.Cap.Opt@ TOPONYMS_NEWWORDS ; 2016-02-06
• V_NEWWORDS ; These are new verbs
• ProperNoun-smi ; work with smi 2018-08-23

INCOMING lemma:stem Contlex sets to be distinguished from glossing in progress

NounRoot

VerbRoot

INTERJ_ Interjections

• Postposition ; is still not included
• Preposition ; is still not included

CONJUNCTIONS INTERJ_

CS_ Subjunction

CS-TEMP_ when

NUM_ NUM_VAHTT

NUM_ALGG NUM_AUTT NUM_TOLL NUM_PAPP NUM_AELDD NUM_KUEQLL NUM_TAQHTT NUM_KAEAEUQC

• LEXICON NUM_KUEQHTT kueʹhtt:kuâ%{ʹØ%}h%{ʹØ%}tt NUM_KUEQHTT NUM_NELLJ

NUM_AANAR

NUM_ATOM NUM_JEAQNNN

• LEXICON NUM_LO kuttlo:kuttl NUM_LO
• LEXICON NUM-01_LO kuttlo:kuttl NUM-01_LO

• +Der+Der/Ord+A:ååǥǥ A-ORD_NEELLJAD ; This ordinal derivation

• LEXICON NUM_LOAOAI lååi:l THIS looks like allegro NUM_LOAOAI

• LEXICON NUM-01_LOAOAI lååi:l THIS looks like allegro NUM-01_LOAOAI

PCLE_ is here since Pcle_sms2x.xml wants it. It does nothing. PCLE-NEG_ is here since Pcle_sms2x.xml wants it. It adds +Neg.

Postpositions with government tagging possible ADP_ PO_tag is the lexicon adding the tag +Po PO-ILL_ PO-LOC_ PO_ is a dummy lexicon not adding anything ADP-GOV-LOC_ PO-GOV-GEN_

Prepositions with government tagging possible

PR_tag is the lexicon adding the tag +Pr PR_ is a dummy lexicon not adding anything

PR-TEMP-GOV-LOC_

PREFIX/A_

SUF/A_

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-abbreviations.lexc.md

File containing abbreviations

Lexica for adding tags and periods

Splitting in 4 + 1 groups, because of the preprocessor

• **LEXICON Abbreviation **
  1. The ITRAB ; lexicon (intransitive abbrs) Ltd.
  2. The TRNUMAB ; lexicon (abbrs trans wrt. numerals)
  3. The TRAB ; lexicon (transitive abbrs) tri.
  4. The SYMBOLS ; lexicon (misc. symbols)

The sublexica

Dividing between abbreviations with and witout final period

ABBREVIATIONS these still need development 2015-09-11

• **LEXICON ab-noun **

The lexicons that add tags

• **LEXICON ab-nodot-noun ** The bulk

+Adv+ABBR: RHyph ;

• **LEXICON ab-dot-noun ** This is the lexicon for abbrs that must have a period.

+ABBR:%.%> # ;

• **LEXICON SYMBOLconnector **

• **LEXICON SYMBOLsuff **

The abbreviation lexicon itself

• **LEXICON SYMBOLS ** is for iscellaneous abbr symbols

• **LEXICON ITRAB ** are intransitive abbreviations, A.S. etc.

• ITRAB_sms2x ; intransitive abbreviations These are measurements postposed after numerals
• TRNUMABPO_sms2x ; postpositional transitive abbreviations with numerals preceding
• TRABPO_sms2x ; postpositional transitive abbreviations

This class contains homonyms, which are both intransitive abbreviations and normal words. The abbreviation usage is less common and thus only the occurences in the middle of the sentnece (when next word has small letters) can be considered as true cases.

• **LEXICON TRNUMAB ** contains abbreviations who are transitive in front of numerals, i.e. preposed

For abbrs for which numerals are complements, but other words not necessarily are. This group treats arabic numerals as if it were transitive but letters as if it were intransitive.

• ** TRNUMAB_sms2x ; ** contains abbreviations in xml preposed

• **LEXICON TRAB ** contains preposed transitive abbreviations

This lexicon is for abbrs that always have a constituent following it.

• ** TRAB_sms2x ; ** contains preposed transitive abbreviations xml

This class contains homonyms, which are both abbrs for which numerals are complements and normal words. The abbreviation usage is less common and thus only the occurences in the middle of the sentnece can be considered as true cases.

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/abbreviations.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-adjectives_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. slooman:slooman A_AANAR ;

ADD ADJECTIVES BELOW

Not added yet to wiki

2017-09-

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adjectives_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-adpositions_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. Mättʼtõshalltõs:Mättʼtõshalltõs PROP_SAJOS “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

ADD POSTPOSTIONS AND PREPOSITIONS BELOW

CODED BY EINO AND JASKA

POSTPOSITIONS

PREPOSITIONS

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adpositions_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-adverbs_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. Mättʼtõshalltõs:Mättʼtõshalltõs PROP_SAJOS “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

ADD ADVERBS BELOW

CODED BY EINO AND JASKA

perintökieli

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adverbs_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-conjunctions_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. Mättʼtõshalltõs:Mättʼtõshalltõs PROP_SAJOS “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

ADD PROPER ADVERBS BELOW

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/conjunctions_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-exceptions.lexc.md

Exceptions are quite strange word-forms. the ones that do not fit anywhere else. This file contains all enumerated word forms that cannot reasonably be created from lexical data by regular inflection. Usually there should be next to none exceptions, it’s always better to have a paradigm that covers only one or few words than an exception since these will not work nicely with e.g. compounding scheme or possibly many end applications.

IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES

IRREGULAR DETERMINERS

IRREGULAR NOUNS

Some verbs have variant forms:

• variant forms examples:*
• leämmaž: leeʹd+V+PrfPrc
• leämma: leeʹd+V+PrfPrc

The verb of negation

• iʹlla+V: NEG-COPULA ; This is for 3rd person iʹlla

PREFIXES for nouns

Spelling errors

Foreign words

FROM FORMER .lexc CONTENT

Skolt Saami adjectives

OUR LONG-TERM GOAL IS NOT TO ADD STEMS MANUALLY TO THIS FILE Instead we want to update the dictionary sms2X/src/a_sms2X.xml, from where the present lexc files will be regularly updated by exporting (we need a script for this).

Skolt Saami adpositions

Skolt Saami adverbs

Skolt Saami Conjunctions

The lexicon Conjunction lists the conjunction

Skolt Saami Interjections

The lexicon ij gives the tag +Interj

The lexicon Interjection lists the interjections

• ai ij ;

Skolt Saami Particles

List of particles in the lexicon Particle

ges+Pcle:ges PCLE_ ;

Propernoun lexicon, Skolt Sámi specific names

Subjunctions

The lexicon Subjunction lists the subjunctions

• So far it contains only go+CS:go CS_ ;

Verb roots

Here are the verb types so far:

• 5 JURDDED
• 38 KALMMED
• 3 KAMRDED
• 1 LAADDAD
• 1 LEED
• 23 MAINSTED
• 4 SEDGGJED
• 8 V_SILTTEED
• 5 V_SOLLEED
• 18 V_TEEʹMEED
• 53 TEEVVAD
• 25 TIETTED
• 82 VIQQAD
• 7 VOLLJED
• 4 VOOIDAD
• 1 VUEJTED

TEST WORDS BEYOND THIS POINT

DO NOT ADD TRANSLATIONS DO NOT ADD NOTES

Skolt Saami Numerals

Lexicon Subjunction contains okta only. CODED BY JACK

BUT have most of their Contlex values THIS has a separate DB DON’T TRANSLATE

From excel 2024-11-03

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/exceptions.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-nouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. ǩiõtt+N:ǩiõtt N_MUORR “(eng) /(fin) /(rus)” ;

ADD NOUNS BELOW Glossing 2015-12-02

Glossing

Newer words Contlex value missing

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/nouns_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-numerals.lexc.md

Skolt Saami Numerals

• **LEXICON Numeral ** initial lexica

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/numerals.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-particles_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. Mättʼtõshalltõs:Mättʼtõshalltõs PROP_SAJOS “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

ADD PARTICLES BELOW

CODED BY EINO AND JASKA

Lemmas:stems undesignated 2015-03-06 These have been commented out 2015-11-13

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/particles_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-pronouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. Mättʼtõshalltõs:Mättʼtõshalltõs PROP_SAJOS “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

ADD PRONOUNS BELOW

CODED BY EINO AND JASKA

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/pronouns_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-propernouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. Mättʼtõshalltõs:Mättʼtõshalltõs PROP_5Y_VS_VVZZ ;

ADD PROPER NOUNS BELOW LACKING SPECIFIC DECLENSION TYPE

WITH SPECIFIC DECLENSION TYPE

First names

SURNAMES

ORGANIZATIONS

Perintökieli

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/propernouns_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-sms-propernouns.lexc.md

Propernoun lexicon, Skolt Sámi specific names

The lexicon ProperNoun lists the proper nouns

First part of complex names

Ordinary person names

Ordinary place names

Ordinary misc names

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/sms-propernouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-toponyms_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files.

PLACE NAMES

• Jõnn-Pelsa+N+Prop+Sem/Plc:Jõnn-Pelsa PROP_TOP_ “(eng) /(fin) /(nob) /(rus) “ ;
• Ruäʹvv-vueiʹvv+N+Prop+Sem/Plc:Ruäʹvv-#vuäi%{ʹØ%}vv PROP_TOP_VUEAIQVV “(eng) /(fin) /(nob) /(rus) “ ;

MORE Toponyms

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/toponyms_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-verbs_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. The conversion is done as follows:

1. Turn the entries into tab-separated format
2. Run them through src/scripts/newwords-to-xml.pl
3. Add the output to V_sms2x.xml

Lexicon V_NEWWORDS is for ad-hoc adding of new entries

• • test:test N_MUORR “for testing” ; = dummy entry ADD VERBS BELOW

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/verbs_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-phonetics-txt2ipa.xfscript.md

retroflex plosive, voiceless t ʈ 0288, 648 ( = ASCII 096) retroflex plosive, voiced d ɖ 0256, 598 labiodental nasal F ɱ 0271, 625 retroflex nasal n ɳ 0273, 627 palatal nasal J ɲ 0272, 626 velar nasal N ŋ 014B, 331 uvular nasal N\ ɴ 0274, 628

bilabial trill B\ ʙ 0299, 665 uvular trill R\ ʀ 0280, 640 alveolar tap 4 ɾ 027E, 638 retroflex flap r ɽ 027D, 637 bilabial fricative, voiceless p\ ɸ 0278, 632 bilabial fricative, voiced B β 03B2, 946 dental fricative, voiceless T θ 03B8, 952 dental fricative, voiced D ð 00F0, 240 postalveolar fricative, voiceless S ʃ 0283, 643 postalveolar fricative, voiced Z ʒ 0292, 658 retroflex fricative, voiceless s ʂ 0282, 642 retroflex fricative, voiced z` ʐ 0290, 656 palatal fricative, voiceless C ç 00E7, 231 palatal fricative, voiced j\ ʝ 029D, 669 velar fricative, voiced G ɣ 0263, 611 uvular fricative, voiceless X χ 03C7, 967 uvular fricative, voiced R ʁ 0281, 641 pharyngeal fricative, voiceless X\ ħ 0127, 295 pharyngeal fricative, voiced ?\ ʕ 0295, 661 glottal fricative, voiced h\ ɦ 0266, 614

alveolar lateral fricative, vl. K alveolar lateral fricative, vd. K\

labiodental approximant P (or v) alveolar approximant r\ retroflex approximant r` velar approximant M\

retroflex lateral approximant l` palatal lateral approximant L velar lateral approximant L
Clicks

bilabial O\ (O = capital letter) dental |
(post)alveolar !\ palatoalveolar =\ alveolar lateral ||
Ejectives, implosives

ejective > e.g. ejective p p> implosive < e.g. implosive b b< Vowels

close back unrounded M close central unrounded 1 close central rounded } lax i I lax y Y lax u U

close-mid front rounded 2 close-mid central unrounded @\ close-mid central rounded 8 close-mid back unrounded 7

schwa @

open-mid front unrounded E open-mid front rounded 9 open-mid central unrounded 3 open-mid central rounded 3\ open-mid back unrounded V open-mid back rounded O

ash (ae digraph) { open schwa (turned a) 6

open front rounded & open back unrounded A open back rounded Q Other symbols

voiceless labial-velar fricative W voiced labial-palatal approx. H voiceless epiglottal fricative H\ voiced epiglottal fricative <\ epiglottal plosive >\

alveolo-palatal fricative, vl. s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ Suprasegmentals

primary stress “ secondary stress % long : half-long :\ extra-short _X linking mark -
Tones and word accents

level extra high _T level high _H level mid _M level low _L level extra low _B downstep ! upstep ^ (caret, circumflex)

contour, rising contour, falling _F contour, high rising _H_T contour, low rising _B_L

contour, rising-falling _R_F (NB Instead of being written as diacritics with _, all prosodic marks can alternatively be placed in a separate tier, set off by < >, as recommended for the next two symbols.) global rise global fall Diacritics

voiceless 0 (0 = figure), e.g. n_0 voiced _v aspirated _h more rounded _O (O = letter) less rounded _c advanced _+ retracted _- centralized _” syllabic = (or _=) e.g. n= (or n=) non-syllabic _^ rhoticity `

breathy voiced _t creaky voiced _k linguolabial _N labialized _w palatalized ‘ (or _j) e.g. t’ (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\

dental d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g. A~ (or A~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _}

velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/phonetics/txt2ipa.xfscript

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src-fst-syllabification-hyphenation.xfscript.md

Copy from smn starts here

Copy from smn ends here

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/syllabification/hyphenation.xfscript

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src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc.md

We describe here how abbreviations are in Skolt Sami are read out, e.g. for text-to-speech systems.

For example:

• s.:syntynyt # ;
• os.:omaa% sukua # ;
• v.:vuosi # ;
• v.:vuonna # ;
• esim.:esimerkki # ;
• esim.:esimerkiksi # ;

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc

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src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-clock-digit2text.lexc.md

This is still a dummy version, containing Skolt Saami.

**

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-clock-digit2text.lexc

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src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-date-digit2text.lexc.md

The Skolt Sámi dates ! This is still a dummy version, containing South Saami.

**

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-date-digit2text.lexc

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src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-numbers-digit2text.lexc.md

Skolt Saami number <-> letter transducer

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-numbers-digit2text.lexc

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tools-grammarcheckers-grammarchecker.cg3.md

S K O L T S A A M I G R A M M A R C H E C K E R

DELIMITERS

TAGS AND SETS

Tags

This section lists all the tags inherited from the fst, and used as tags in the syntactic analysis. The next section, Sets, contains sets defined on the basis of the tags listed here, those set names are not visible in the output.

Beginning and end of sentence

BOS EOS

Parts of speech tags

N A Adv V Pron CS CC CC-CS Po Pr Pcle Num Interj ABBR ACR CLB LEFT RIGHT WEB PPUNCT PUNCT

COMMA ¶

Tags for POS sub-categories

Pers Dem Interr Indef Recipr Refl Rel Coll NomAg Prop Allegro Arab Romertall

Tags for morphosyntactic properties

Nom Acc Gen Ill Loc Com Ess Ess Sg Du Pl Cmp/SplitR Cmp/SgNom Cmp/SgGen Cmp/SgGen PxSg1 PxSg2 PxSg3 PxDu1 PxDu2 PxDu3 PxPl1 PxPl2 PxPl3 Px

Comp Superl Attr Ord Qst IV TV Prt Prs Ind Pot Cond Imprt ImprtII Sg1 Sg2 Sg3 Du1 Du2 Du3 Pl1 Pl2 Pl3 Inf ConNeg Neg PrfPrc VGen PrsPrc Ger Sup Actio VAbess

Err/Orth

Semantic tags

Sem/Act Sem/Ani Sem/Atr Sem/Body Sem/Clth Sem/Domain Sem/Feat-phys Sem/Fem Sem/Group Sem/Lang Sem/Mal Sem/Measr Sem/Money Sem/Obj Sem/Obj-el Sem/Org Sem/Perc-emo Sem/Plc Sem/Sign Sem/State-sick Sem/Sur Sem/Time Sem/Txt

HUMAN

PROP-ATTR PROP-SUR

TIME-N-SET

Syntactic tags

@+FAUXV @+FMAINV @-FAUXV @-FMAINV @-FSUBJ> @-F<OBJ @-FOBJ> @-FSPRED<OBJ @-F<ADVL @-FADVL> @-F<SPRED @-F<OPRED @-FSPRED> @-FOPRED> @>ADVL @ADVL< @<ADVL @ADVL> @ADVL @HAB> @<HAB @>N @Interj @N< @>A @P< @>P @HNOUN @INTERJ @>Num @Pron< @>Pron @Num< @OBJ @<OBJ @OBJ> @OPRED @<OPRED @OPRED> @PCLE @COMP-CS< @SPRED @<SPRED @SPRED> @SUBJ @<SUBJ @SUBJ> SUBJ SPRED OPRED @PPRED @APP @APP-N< @APP-Pron< @APP>Pron @APP-Num< @APP-ADVL< @VOC @CVP @CNP OBJ

-OTHERS SYN-V @X ## Sets containing sets of lists and tags This part of the file lists a large number of sets based partly upon the tags defined above, and partly upon lexemes drawn from the lexicon. See the sourcefile itself to inspect the sets, what follows here is an overview of the set types. ### Sets for Single-word sets INITIAL ### Sets for word or not WORD NOT-COMMA ### Case sets ADLVCASE CASE-AGREEMENT CASE NOT-NOM NOT-GEN NOT-ACC ### Verb sets NOT-V ### Sets for finiteness and mood REAL-NEG MOOD-V NOT-PRFPRC ### Sets for person SG1-V SG2-V SG3-V DU1-V DU2-V DU3-V PL1-V PL2-V PL3-V ### Pronoun sets ### Adjectival sets and their complements ### Adverbial sets and their complements ### Sets of elements with common syntactic behaviour ### NP sets defined according to their morphosyntactic features ### The PRE-NP-HEAD family of sets These sets model noun phrases (NPs). The idea is to first define whatever can occur in front of the head of the NP, and thereafter negate that with the expression **WORD - premodifiers**. ### Border sets and their complements ### Grammarchecker sets * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/grammarcheckers/grammarchecker.cg3](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-sms/blob/main/tools/grammarcheckers/grammarchecker.cg3) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript.md # Tokeniser for sms Usage: ``` $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://github.com/hfst/hfst/wiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1. unknown word-like forms, and 2. unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by `hfst-tokenise -a` Unknowns are made of: * lower-case ASCII * upper-case ASCII * select extended latin symbols * skolt specific charactesr ASCII digits * select symbols * Combining diacritics as individual symbols, * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" ## Unknown handling Unknowns are tagged ?? and treated specially with `hfst-tokenise` hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Finally we mark as a token any sequence making up a: * known word in context * unknown (OOV) token in context * sequence of word and punctuation * URL in context * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-sms/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript.md # Grammar checker tokenisation for sms Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: ``` $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` More usage examples: ``` $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://github.com/hfst/hfst/wiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a * select extended latin symbols * select symbols * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Finally we mark as a token any sequence making up a: * known word in context * unknown (OOV) token in context * sequence of word and punctuation * URL in context * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-sms/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript.md # TTS tokenisation for smj Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: ```sh make echo "ja, ja" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` More usage examples: ```sh echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa \ boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst echo "márffibiillagáffe" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://kitwiki.csc.fi/twiki/bin/view/KitWiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a * select extended latin symbols * select symbols * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Needs hfst-tokenise to output things differently depending on the tag they get * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-sms/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript)