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Udmurt verb inflection Udmurt verbs are mainly split into two types:
- conjugation I, whose stems mostly end on ы (ex. мыны-ны ‘go’, юы-ны ‘drink’, вераськы-ны ‘speak’)
- conjugation II, whose stems mostly end on а/я (ex. ужа.ны ‘work’, келя.ны ‘send, put’, кырӟа.ны ‘sing’)
Conjugation I verbs also may have a ‘short’ stem, which subtracts the final ы. The rule is not necessarily as simple as suffixes that begin on consonants require a vowel-ending stem, because there are some exceptions. Following is a list of things that use the short stem (so far incomplete, but feel free to add to it)
- All forms of the present affirmative
- All forms of the present negative
- All forms of the future affirmative
- All forms of the future negative
- Preterite II Negative?
- Caritive gerund?
And the long stem:
- Infinitive
- Conditional affirmative, negative
- basic gerund, temporal gerund, fourth gerund ?
- gerunds: instrumental -(э)мен/-(е)мен, elative -(э)мысь/-(е)мысь ?
There are some orthographic things to consider, and they show up in the way verbs are inflected. The palatizing series [d z l n s t] is represented in two ways: vowel letters following, or by the palatizing symbol.
возьыны .. возе .. возисько бертыны .. бертэ .. бертӥсько
LEXICON V_ Verb type is still to be determined.
Typical V_MONO entry is the long stem, ending on <ы> берты, возьы
бертыны:берт V_MONO “mennä kotiin” ;
Lexicon V_MONO
- Yaml: mynyny
Lexicon V_UZA
- Yaml: uzhany
возь > .. возе .. возисько берт > .. бертэ .. бертӥсько
Lexicon OPRS NB: here we use non-palatal vowels, and shift them to palatal variants in phonology
Lexicon APRS
Lexicon FUTPAST
Lexicon FUTPASTSG
Lexicon FUTPASTPL
Lexicon FUTPASTPLSHORT
Lexicon FUT-PERSON
Lexicon PRTI-PERSON
Lexicon PRTII-PERSON
Lexicon COND
Lexicon IMPRT
Lexicon OPT
Lexicon NONFINITES
Mutual à la Jaska мыныны:мыны Lexicon V_МЫНЫНЫ
- Yaml: mynyny
Lexicon APRSjaska
Lexicon FUT-PERSONjaska
Lexicon PRTI-PERSONjaska
Lexicon PRTII-PERSONjaska
Lexicon CONDjaska
Lexicon IMPRTjaska
Lexicon OPTjaska
Lexicon NONFINITESjaska
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs-old.lexc