Udmurt verb inflection Udmurt verbs are mainly split into two types:

• conjugation I, whose stems mostly end on ы (ex. мыны-ны ‘go’, юы-ны ‘drink’, вераськы-ны ‘speak’)
• conjugation II, whose stems mostly end on а/я (ex. ужа.ны ‘work’, келя.ны ‘send, put’, кырӟа.ны ‘sing’)

Conjugation I verbs also may have a ‘short’ stem, which subtracts the final ы. The rule is not necessarily as simple as suffixes that begin on consonants require a vowel-ending stem, because there are some exceptions. Following is a list of things that use the short stem (so far incomplete, but feel free to add to it)

• All forms of the present affirmative
• All forms of the present negative
• All forms of the future affirmative
• All forms of the future negative
• Preterite II Negative?
• Caritive gerund?

And the long stem:

• Infinitive
• Conditional affirmative, negative
• basic gerund, temporal gerund, fourth gerund ?
• gerunds: instrumental -(э)мен/-(е)мен, elative -(э)мысь/-(е)мысь ?

There are some orthographic things to consider, and they show up in the way verbs are inflected. The palatizing series [d z l n s t] is represented in two ways: vowel letters following, or by the palatizing symbol.

возьыны .. возе .. возисько бертыны .. бертэ .. бертӥсько

LEXICON V_ Verb type is still to be determined.

Typical V_MONO entry is the long stem, ending on <ы> берты, возьы

бертыны:берт V_MONO “mennä kotiin” ;

Lexicon V_MONO

• Yaml: mynyny

Lexicon V_UZA

• Yaml: uzhany

возь > .. возе .. возисько берт > .. бертэ .. бертӥсько

Lexicon OPRS NB: here we use non-palatal vowels, and shift them to palatal variants in phonology

Lexicon APRS

Lexicon FUTPAST

Lexicon FUTPASTSG

Lexicon FUTPASTPL

Lexicon FUTPASTPLSHORT

Lexicon FUT-PERSON

Lexicon PRTI-PERSON

Lexicon PRTII-PERSON

Lexicon COND

Lexicon IMPRT

Lexicon OPT

Lexicon NONFINITES

Mutual à la Jaska мыныны:мыны Lexicon V_МЫНЫНЫ

• Yaml: mynyny

Lexicon APRSjaska

Lexicon FUT-PERSONjaska

Lexicon PRTI-PERSONjaska

Lexicon PRTII-PERSONjaska

Lexicon CONDjaska

Lexicon IMPRTjaska

Lexicon OPTjaska

Lexicon NONFINITESjaska

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs-old.lexc