Morphophonological rules for Hill Mari

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

Alphabet, Sets and Definitions

Alphabet

Letters of the alphabet

• **а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н ҥ о ӧ п р с т у ӱ ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ӓ ӹ **
• **А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н Ҥ О Ӧ П Р С Т У Ӱ Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ӓ Ӹ **

Archiphonemes for vowels

• ** %{аӓ%}:ӓ ** a/ä alternation in vowel harmony
• ** Е3:е ** ӓвӓмвлӓ
• ** Е2:0 **
• ** %{ыӹØ%}:0 **
• ** %{ыӹØ%}:0 ** used in verb affix onset
• ** %{ыӹØ%}:0 ** used in noun affix onset ine, ill
• ** %{ыӹØ%}:0 ** used in verb affix onset
• ** %{ыӹ%}:0 **
• ** А2:а **
• ** Ь2:0 ** except with V АМ +Prt1+Sg1-3

Triggers

• ** %{front%}:0 %{back%}:0 ** front-back vowel harmony
• **%^ConsTransf:0 **
• **%^KIN:0 ** with ӓвӓ in +PxSg1+Sg+Gen etc.
• **%^А2ЫӸ:0 ** with карта and картын витринӹн

Boundary symbols

• ** %> **
• hash #
• ** %- **

Sets

• **BackLabVow = о у ё ю О У Ё Ю ; **
• **FrontLabVow = ӧ ӱ Ӧ Ӱ; **
• **NonLabVow = ӓ а е и э я Ӓ А Е И Э Я ; **
• **Vow = BackLabVow FrontLabVow NonLabVow ы Ы ӹ Ӹ ; **
• **BackVow = BackLabVow а А ы Ы ; **
• **FrontVow = FrontLabVow е и э ӓ ӹ Е И Э Ӓ Ӹ ; **
• **ArchiVow = %{ыӹØ%} %{ыӹ%} %{аӓ%} ; **
• **FullVow = BackLabVow FrontLabVow NonLabVow ; **
• **CnsNoLN = б в г д ж з к м ҥ п р с т ф х ц ч ш **
• ** Б В Г Д Ж З К М Ҥ П Р С Т Ф Х Ц Ч Ш ; **
• **Cns = б в г д ж з к л м н ҥ п р с т ф х ц ч ш **
• ** Б В Г Д Ж З К Л М Н Ҥ П Р С Т Ф Х Ц Ч Ш ; **
• **Cst = к п т ф х ц ч ш с **
• ** К П Т Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ц ; **
• **Ltrs = Vow Cns Й й ъ ь Ъ Ь ; **
• **all = Ltrs %- ; **
• **HarmDummies = %{back%} %{front%} ; **

Definitions

Back Harmony BHARM

Front Harmony FHARM

LFH

LBH

Rules

Palatalisation rules

Palatal mark loss before vowel rule

й Deletion in front of я Suffix and others rule

Tests:

• кай%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:*

• ка00яш examples:*

Ь2:ь Palatal mark for V АМ +Prt1+Sg1 rule

толаш+V+Ind+Prt1+Sg1

Tests:

• тол%{back%}Ь2%>%{ыӹØ%}м
• тол0ь%>ым

Ь2:0 Palatal mark for V АМ +Prt1+Sg1 rule

Ь2:ш Palatal mark for V ЕМ +Prt1+Sg1 rule

Vowel rules

Onset vowel in а rule

Onset vowel in ӓ rule

Onset vowel in я rule

Onset vowel in е rule

Onset vowel loss in suffix ыӹ0 rule

Onset vowel loss in suffix Е3 rule

Onset vowel loss in suffix Е3 rule

Onset vowel Е2 realized in suffix :е rule

Onset vowel Е2:э after retained vowel rule

Onset vowel Е3:э after retained vowel rule

Onset vowel е:э after retained vowel rule

Stem final ы loss before Е2 rule

Tests:

• карта%>ы%>ын
• карт0%>ы%>0н
• янжы%{back%}>аш
• янж00>аш

Stem final ӹ loss before Е2 rule

Tests:

• бирка%{front%}%>ӹ%>ӹн
• бирк00%>ӹ%>0н

Vowel harmony rules

Onset vowel ыӹ0 realized in suffix %{ыӹØ%}:ы rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹØ%} realized in suffix %{ыӹØ%}:ӹ rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:ӹ rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:ы rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:е rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:э rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹэ%} realized in Ine and Ill suffixes %{ыӹэ%}:0 rule

• комбы%>%{ыӹэ%}штем examples:*

• комбы00штем examples:*

Onset vowel %{ыӹэ%} realized in Ine and Ill suffixes %{ыӹэ%}:0 rule

Tests:

• олма%>%{ыӹэ%}штем examples:*

• олма0эштем examples:*

Affix mid or final front %{аӓ%}:ӓ rule

Tests:

• комбы%>еш%>н%{аӓ%} examples:*

• комб00еш0нӓ examples:*

ӹштӓш+Hom2+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: do/tehdä

• ӹштӹ%{front%}%>%{аӓ%}

Tests:

• библиотека%{front%}%^А2ЫӸ%>л%{аӓ%}н examples:*

• библиотекӹ00%>лӓн examples:*

Affix mid or final back %{аӓ%}:а rule

толаш+V+Ind+Prs+Pl1: come/tulla

Tests:

• тол%{back%}%>%{ыӹе%}н%{аӓ%}
• тол0%>ына

Tests:

• колт%>%{ыӹØ%}д%{аӓ%} examples:*

• колт0ыда examples:*

• яд%{back%}%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:*

• яд0%>аш examples:*

Affix mid or final back %{аӓ%}:я rule

Tests:

• кай%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:*

• ка0%>яш examples:*

Affix initial back а:я rule

Not SgNom а:ы rule

Not SgNom а:ӹ rule

suffix-final vowel backed %{ыӹ%}ы rule

suffix-final vowel fronted %{ыӹ%}:ӹ rule

Consonant loss or transformation rules

т:0 in am type verbs rule лӓктӓш:лӓкнӓ

к:0 in am type verbs rule качкаш:качна

з:ц in am type verbs rule вазаш:вацна

н:0 before з:ц in am type verbs rule негӹнзӓш:негӹц

Vowel addition rules

Vowel gain

0:ы between ш _ ж rule йиш:йишӹжӹ

0:ӹ between ш _ ж rule йиш:йишӹжӹ

Vowel loss rules

suffix-final vowel loss before subsequent suffix-initial vowel %{ыӹ%}:0 rule

Not SgNom for lat а:0 rule

Not SgNom for lat е:0 rule

Tests:

• варенье%>ӹ%>влӓ
• варень0%>ӹ%>влӓ

Devoicing

Onset consonant devoicing rule

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc