Western Mari language model documentation

All doc-comment documentation in one large file.

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src-cg3-disambiguator.cg3.md

This is the Hill Mari disambiguation file. It chooses the correct morphological analyses in any given sentence context.

It was copied from the Eastern Mari cg3 file 18.11.21. tt.

The file first defines sentence delimiters and tags and sets. Thereafter come the rules, each rule is listed below.

Sentence delimiters

The delimiters are: “<.>” “<!>” “<?>” “<…>” “<¶>” sent

The Tags section lists all the tags inherited from the fst, and defines them for use in the syntactic analysis. The tags are documented in the root.lexc file, and here only listed for reference.

The next section, Sets, contains sets defined on the basis of the tags listed here, those set names are not visible in the output.

Tags

Beginning and end of sentence

BOS EOS

Clause boundary

Parts of speech tags

N V A Adv CC CC CS Interj Pron Num Pcle Clt Po

WORD is the set of all POS

Verbal tense and mood tags

Prs Prt1 Prt2 Fut Imprt Ind Cond Des

Other verbal tags

Act ConNeg FutPrc Ger Inf Nec Neg NegPrc Pass Prc PrfPrc

Verbal person-number tags Sg1 Sg2 Sg3 Pl1 Pl2 Pl3

Numeral tags

Sg Pl

Case tags

Nom Gen Abl Dat Com Cns Acc Ins Ine Ill Cmpr (case)

Other nominal tags

Pers Refl Rel Interr Recipr Dem ABBR

Adjective comparison tags

Pos (?) Superl Comp

Possessive suffix tags

PxSg1 PxSg2 PxSg3 PxPl1 PxPl2 PxPl3

Suffix ordering

Numeral tags

Card Coll Ord Temp (?)

Particles

Qst Foc

Punctuation marks

CLB PUCT LEFT RIGHT COMMA COLON

Derivation tags

Der/MWN modifier without [head] noun Der/sa Der/Pur Der/Caus Der/Nom

Tags for internal testing

CmpTest Err

Sets

• CASE = all cases
• OBLCASE = All cases except Nom
• VFIN = All moods

Der/Date Der/Year Der/Hum Der/Lang Der/Domain Der/Feat-phys Der/Clth Der/Body Der/Act

Sem/Ani Sem/Fem Sem/Group Sem/Mal Sem/Measr Sem/Money Sem/Obj Sem/Obj-el Sem/Org Sem/Perc-emo Sem/Plc Sem/Sign Sem/State-sick Sem/Sur Sem/Time Sem/Txt

Rule section

Early, word-internal rules

• CmpTst remove CmpTst if not 1 N
• CmpTst2 Select CmpTst in all other cases *NoFocPossNoun remove Foc/Poss if PxSg3

CC or Pcle

• teveteve1 gives CC if two теве
• teveteve1 gives CC if two теве

• onlyteve gives Pcle if two теве

• PcleNotCC Lauseen alussa on Pcle

• CCnotInterj

• Posna деч посна

• ikNum ик is never A

Specific words

да

• da1 Adv initially

• da2 CC elsewhere

и

• iNotAbbr

Interjection

• NoExclNoInterj

Predicative

AifVövny selects A if вӧвны somewhere to the left

Conjunctions

• NotPcle

Particles

*InterrQ if question mark anywhere to the right

*Interr removes Rel if question mark to the right somewhere

Verbs

Existential ulo

Infinitives

• Ind selects Ind if no Ind to the right or to the left

• 1SgAgr selects (Ind Sg1) if Pron1Sg to the right or to the left

• 1SgAgr selects (Ind Sg1) if (Pron1Sg Nom) to the right or to the left

• 2SgAgr selects (Ind Sg2) if Pron2Sg to the right or to the left

• IndAfterInf selects Ind if Inf to the left

• NotImpWhenInd

• NotImpWhenWords1

• NotImpWhenConneg

• NotImpWhenWords2

Adjectives

*RemAdjBeforeProp removes A if Prop to the left

*AdjBeforeMo selects A if Interr to the right

• AdjBeforeAN selects A if N or A to the right

• RemN removes N if N to the right

*AdjBeforeConjAdj selects A if conjuction and A to the right ;

• AdjNotAdv removes Adv if N to the right

• AdjNotPron removes Pron Pers if N to the right

*AdjNotN removes N if Pron Pers anywhere to the left

• RemAdj1 removes A if no N or A follows

*RemAdj2 removes A if no N or Pron in a clause

Nouns

• lym nalash “to take a name” = “to be given a title”

*RemNomIfPronLeft removes Nom if Pron Nom anywhere to the left

*RemNomIfPronRight removes Nom if Pron Nom anywhere to the right

*NomBeforeConjNom selects N Nom if conjoined with N Nom

*NafterDem selects N if Dem to the left (demonstratives tend to be sole modifiers)

*NotANoun

*NafterAbeforeEOS

*RemNafterAdv removes N if adverb to the left

Derivations

• RemDerMWN1 removes Der/MWN if N is an option

• RemDerMWN2 removes Der/MWN if N to the right

• Dersa if noun follows

• SelDerMWN select Der/MWN if no noun follows

Cases

• RemNomNif12left removes Nom with N if there is a verb with 1st or 2nd agreement to the lef

• RemNomNif12right removes Nom with N if there is a verb with 1st or 2nd agreement to the right

• AccNeedsVerb prefers Nom (TODO: does this make sense? SASHA: it does but there was a typo, -1* instead of 1* in the third clause of the condition)

Proper nouns

Numerals

• IkNumN ik is num before N Sg

• IkNumAN ik is num before A N Sg

• KumNumAN ik is num before A N Sg

Pronouns

• NotImp in most тиде cases

• NotInterr if Rel

• Dem if noun follows

• уке

Conjunctions

Postpositions

• PoNeedsGen removes postposition if the word to the left is not Gen or Nom

ConjNotPcle supposes we have found the particles earlier on, and now go for Conj.

Adverbs

• molan awaiting rules for dative verbs subcategorising for mo Dat

Verbs

Finite verb or Gerundium

*RemGer removes Ger Gen if there is no verb to the right

• FinNotGer removes Ger if there is a Ind Prt2 Sg3 in the clause

• GerNotFin Ger if there is a Ind next

• GerNotFin Ger if there is a Ger da Ger VFin

First or third person

• Sg1NotSg3 removes Prt1 Sg3 when Pers Sg1 Nom in same clause

• Sg3NotSg1 removes Prt1 Sg1 when there is no Pers Sg1 Nom in same clause
• This definitely is too strong, it precludes zero Sg1 subjects

ConNeg or not

• NoConNeg1 No ConNeg if no Neg to the left

• NoConNeg2 No ConNeg if another ConNeg to the left

• NoErrOrth

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/disambiguator.cg3

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src-cg3-functions.cg3.md

• Sets for POS sub-categories

• Sets for Semantic tags

• Sets for Morphosyntactic properties

Nom Gen Abl Dat Com Cns Acc Ins Ine Ill Cmpr (case)

• Sets for verbs

• V is all readings with a V tag in them, REAL-V should be the ones without an N tag following the V.
  The REAL-V set thus awaits a fix to the preprocess V … N bug.

• The set COPULAS is for predicative constructions

• NP sets defined according to their morphosyntactic features

• The PRE-NP-HEAD family of sets

These sets model noun phrases (NPs). The idea is to first define whatever can occur in front of the head of the NP, and thereafter negate that with the expression WORD - premodifiers.

The set NOT-NPMOD is used to find barriers between NPs. Typical usage: … (*1 N BARRIER NPT-NPMOD) … meaning: Scan to the first noun, ignoring anything that can be part of the noun phrase of that noun (i.e., “scan to the next NP head”)

• Miscellaneous sets

• Border sets and their complements

• CASE = all cases

• OBLCASE = All cases except Nom

• Syntactic sets

These were the set types.

• CCasCNPCVP Map (@CNP @CVP) to CC

NP attributives

Postposition

HABITIVE MAPPING

• hab1

• hab2

• hab3 ( @ADVL>) for hab-actor and hab-case; if leat to the right, and Nom to the right of leat. Lots of restrictions.

• habNomLeft

• hab4

• hab6

• hab7

• hab8 This is not HAB

• hab5 This is not HAB

• habGen ( @<ADVL) hab for Gen; if Gen is located in the end of the sentence and Nom is sentence initial

Mari rules start here

Mari rules stop here

• subj>Sgnr1 (@SUBJ>) for Nom Sg, including Indef Nom if; VFIN + Sg3 or Pl3 to the right (VFIN not allowed to the left)

• subj>Pl (@SUBJ>) for plural nominatives, including Coll and Sem/Group. VFIN + Pl3 to the right.

• subj>Pl (@SUBJ>) for plural nominatives

• subj>Sgnr2 (@SUBJ>) for Nom Sg; if VFIN + Sg3 to the right.

• <subjSg (@<SUBJ) for Nom Sg; if VFIN Sg3 or Du2 to the left (no HAB allowed to the left).

• advlPoPr> (@<ADVL) if mainverb to the right.

SUBJ MAPPING - leftovers

OBJ MAPPING - leftovers

HNOUN MAPPING

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/functions.cg3

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-adjectives.lexc.md

Hill Mari adjective inflection

This file contains a handful of lexica, each with 3 subentries. The two first ones give +Pos+Attr dn +Comp:рак, respectively, whereeas the third entry gives a +Der/N tag and redirects to the relevant noun lexica for case inflection

Temporary lexicon

• LEXICON A-ADN_ = This adjective only occurs with a head word in an adnominal phrase

Ordinary lexica

• LEXICON A_ has aä trigger, gets +Pos, +Comp, or goes via Der/N to NMN_OLMA. This should be neutral 2013-05-11

• LEXICON A_OLMA has back trigger, gets +Pos, +Comp, or goes via Der/N to NMN_OLMA.

• LEXICON A_AEZAE has front trigger, gets +Pos, +Comp, or goes via Der/N to NMN_AAEZAE.

• LEXICON A_MARY has back trigger, gets +Pos, +Comp, or goes via Der/N to NMN_MARY.

• LEXICON A_TYERVYE har front trigger, gets +Pos, +Comp, or goes via Der/N to NMN_TYERVYE.

• LEXICON A_KOL has back trigger, gets +Pos, +Comp, or goes via Der/N to NMN_KOL. +Der+Der/N+N:%{back%} NMN_KOL ; The +N tag is given here to curtail over generation from derived nouns

• LEXICON A_MOER has front trigger, gets +Pos, +Comp, or goes via Der/N to NMN_MOER. +Der+Der/N+N:%{front%} NMN_MOER ; The +N tag is given here to curtail over generation from derived nouns

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adjectives.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-adverbs.lexc.md

Compounding

Does Hill Mari have anything like LEXICON R and %- N ;

Interj lexica

• LEXICON INTERJ_

Postp lexica

• LEXICON POSTP_

• LEXICON Ad-A_

ADV_

Temporal tags with cases

• LEXICON ADV-TEMP_

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adverbs.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-clitics.lexc.md

Clitics

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Hill Mari (Western Mari) adverbial clitics are not bound by POS.

K

WORDEND

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/clitics.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-nouns.lexc.md

Noun inflection

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Ad hoc lexica

• LEXICON N_

Substandard and other lexica, i.e., hunspell

Standard lexica

LEXICON N_KOL кол:кол Back harmony

LEXICON N_MOER мӧр:мӧр Front harmony

• LEXICON N_MARY мары:мары The stem vowel “е” is found with possessor indices and the lative Back harmony

• LEXICON N_TYERVYE тӹрвӹ:тӹрвӹ The stem vowel “е” is found with possessor indices and the lative Front harmony

• LEXICON N_KARTA карта:карта а is specific to the +Sg+Nom, elsewhere ы or ӹ Back harmony

• LEXICON N_BIRZHA биржа:биржа а is specific to the +Sg+Nom, elsewhere ӹ Front harmony

• LEXICON N_VAREN1E варенье:варенье е is specific to the +Sg+Nom, elsewhere ӹ Front harmony

LEXICON N_POCHTA почта:почта

LEXICON N_OLMA олма:олма Back harmony

LEXICON N_AEZAE ӓзӓ:ӓзӓ Front harmony

LEXICON N_PECHEN1E печенье:печенье Front harmony

LEXICON NMN_KOL кол:кол Back harmony

LEXICON NMN_MOER мӧр:мӧр Front harmony

• LEXICON NMN_MARY мары:мары The stem vowel “е” is found with possessor indices and the lative Back harmony

• LEXICON NMN_TYERVYE тӹрвӹ:тӹрвӹ The stem vowel “е” is found with possessor indices and the lative Front harmony

• LEXICON NMN_KARTA карта:карта Back а/ы а is specific to the +Sg+Nom, elsewhere ы

• ** :%>ӹ NMN_OBLIQUE-INDEFINITE-PL_MUTUAL ; ** %>влӓ

• ** :%>ӹ NMN_OBLIQUE-INDEFINITE-PL_MUTUAL ; ** %>влӓ

LEXICON NMN_OLMA олма:олма Back harmony

LEXICON NMN_AEZAE ӓзӓ:ӓзӓ Front harmony

LEXICON N_AEVAE ӓвӓ:ӓвӓ

PxSg1+NB+CASE singular possessa

PxSg1+NB+CASE singular possessa

PXSG3

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/nouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-pronouns.lexc.md

Pronouns

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Hill Mari (Western Mari) pronouns…

PRON_

PERS-SG1

PERS-SG2

PERS-SG3

PERS-PL1

PERS-PL2

PERS-PL3 нӹнӹ:нӹнӹ

REFL ӹшке:ӹшк

LEXICON PRON_MA ма+Pron:ма

LEXICON DEM-SG тидӹ:ти

LEXICON DEM-PL нинӹ:ни Plural pronoun with additional plural marking

DemTag What are these тӹдӹмӓт, тӹдӹлӓнӓт

Dem-Cx

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/pronouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-propernouns.lexc.md

Proper noun inflection

Hill Mari proper nouns inflect in the same cases as regular nouns

PROP_

PROP_KENKSH

PROP-PLC_

PROP_KOL_PLC

PROP_KOL_FEM

PROP_OLMA_FEM

PROP_OLMA_MAL

PROP_KOL_MAL

LEXICON PROP_KOL кол:кол PROP_KOL

PROP-PLC_MOER

PROP_MOER_MAL

PROP-PLC_TYERVYE

PROP-PLC_OLMA

LEXICON PROP_OLMA кол:кол

Male given name for deriving patronyms

Вили:Вил

Female Given names

… etc.

Russian type Surnames Абдеев:Абдеев

Багрий:Багр

Аморский:Аморск

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/propernouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-quantifiers.lexc.md

$ Quantifiers

Hill Mari (Western Mari) numerals…

NUM_

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/quantifiers.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-symbols.lexc.md

Symbol affixes

Noun_symbols_possibly_inflected

Noun_symbols_never_inflected

SYMBOL_connector

SYMBOL_NO_suff

SYMBOL_suff

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/symbols.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-affixes-verbs.lexc.md

Hill Mari (Western Mari) verb inflection

Irregular lexica

Also lexica for +Hom tags

• LEXICON VAux = auxiliaries
• LEXICON VAUX_NEG = auxiliaries negative

Regular verbs

Both -am and -em verbs and their subgroups.

V_AM verbs

LEXICON V_IAEM Approximately 619 2014-12-21 Front Vowel harmony for V_AM verbs LEXICON V_IAEM-SG3 Approximately 4 2014-12-21 Front Vowel harmony for V_AM-SG3 verbs LEXICON V_IAEM-3 Approximately 2 2014-12-21 Front Vowel harmony for V_AM-3 verbs

LEXICON V_MOAM Approximately 465 2014-12-21 Back Vowel harmony for V_AM verbs LEXICON V_MOAM-SG3 Approximately 2 2014-12-21 Back Vowel harmony for V_AM-SG3 verbs Approximately 1 2014-12-21 Back Vowel harmony for V_AM-3 verbs

STEM CHANGE

LEXICON V_PYECHKAEM Approximately 12 2014-12-21 Back Vowel harmony for V_AM verbs

LEXICON V_KACHKAM Approximately 11 2014-12-21 Back Vowel harmony for V_AM verbs

V_EM verbs

LEXICON V_KACHKAM Approximately 1052 2014-12-21 Front Vowel harmony for V_EM verbs LEXICON V_KACHKAM Approximately 2 2014-12-21 Front Vowel harmony for V_EM-SG3 verbs

LEXICON V_KACHKAM Approximately 1315 2014-12-21 Back Vowel harmony for V_EM verbs LEXICON V_KACHKAM Approximately 4 2014-12-21 Back Vowel harmony for V_EM verbs LEXICON V_KACHKAM Approximately 1 2014-12-21 Back Vowel harmony for V_EM verbs

Lexica pointing to suffix lexica

Intermediate AM lexica

LEXICON V_AM ӹштӓш:ӹшт

пелӓш: онг пелеш What else is needed 2014-05-08

Intermediate EM lexcia

хӹдӹртӓш: хӹдӹртӹ What else is needed 2014-05-08

• LEXICON V_EM колташ:колты

Suffix lexica

NONPAST

am verbs

INDPRSSG1-am

INDPRSSG2-am

INDPRSSG3-am

INDPRSPL1-am

INDPRSPL2-am

INDPRSPL3-am

INDPRSCONNEG-am

INDPRSPL3CONNEG-am

em verbs

INDPRSSG3-em

INDPRSPL3-em

PRETERIT 1

am

INDPRT1SG1-am

INDPRT1SG2-am

INDPRT1SG3-am

INDPRT1PL1-am

INDPRT1PL2-am

INDPRT1PL3-am

INDPRT1CONNEG-am

INDPRT1PL3CONNEG-am

em

INDPRT1SG1-em

INDPRT1SG2-em

INDPRT1SG3-em

INDPRT1PL1-em

INDPRT1PL2-em

PRETERIT 2

am

INDPRT2SG1-am

INDPRT2SG2-am

INDPRT2SG3-am

INDPRT2PL1-am

INDPRT2PL2-am

INDPRT2PL3-am

INDPRT2NEG-am INDPRT2NEG-am INDPRT2NEG-am INDPRT2NEG-am INDPRT2NEG-am INDPRT2NEG-am INDPRT2NEG-am

em

IMPERATIVE

IMPRTSG2-am

IMPRTSG3-am

IMPRTPL2-am

IMPRTPL3-am

IMPRTIISG2-am

IMPRTIIPL2-am

DESIDERATIVE

DES-am DESSG1-am DESSG2-am DESSG3-am DESPL1-am DESPL2-am DESPL3-am

DES-em DESSG1-em DESSG2-em DESSG3-em DESPL1-em DESPL2-em DESPL3-em

INFINITIVE

INF_BACK

NEG-PRC_BACK

PASS-PRC_BACK

ACT-PRC_BACK

INF_FRONT

NEG-PRC_FRONT

PASS-PRC_FRONT

ACT-PRC_FRONT

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-phonology.twolc.md

Morphophonological rules for Hill Mari

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

Alphabet, Sets and Definitions

Alphabet

Letters of the alphabet

• **а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н ҥ о ӧ п р с т у ӱ ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я ӓ ӹ **
• **А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н Ҥ О Ӧ П Р С Т У Ӱ Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я Ӓ Ӹ **

Archiphonemes for vowels

• ** %{аӓ%}:ӓ ** a/ä alternation in vowel harmony
• ** Е3:е ** ӓвӓмвлӓ
• ** Е2:0 **
• ** %{ыӹØ%}:0 **
• ** %{ыӹØ%}:0 ** used in verb affix onset
• ** %{ыӹØ%}:0 ** used in noun affix onset ine, ill
• ** %{ыӹØ%}:0 ** used in verb affix onset
• ** %{ыӹ%}:0 **
• ** А2:а **
• ** Ь2:0 ** except with V АМ +Prt1+Sg1-3

Triggers

• ** %{front%}:0 %{back%}:0 ** front-back vowel harmony
• **%^ConsTransf:0 **
• **%^KIN:0 ** with ӓвӓ in +PxSg1+Sg+Gen etc.
• **%^А2ЫӸ:0 ** with карта and картын витринӹн

Boundary symbols

• ** %> **
• hash #
• ** %- **

Sets

• **BackLabVow = о у ё ю О У Ё Ю ; **
• **FrontLabVow = ӧ ӱ Ӧ Ӱ; **
• **NonLabVow = ӓ а е и э я Ӓ А Е И Э Я ; **
• **Vow = BackLabVow FrontLabVow NonLabVow ы Ы ӹ Ӹ ; **
• **BackVow = BackLabVow а А ы Ы ; **
• **FrontVow = FrontLabVow е и э ӓ ӹ Е И Э Ӓ Ӹ ; **
• **ArchiVow = %{ыӹØ%} %{ыӹ%} %{аӓ%} ; **
• **FullVow = BackLabVow FrontLabVow NonLabVow ; **
• **CnsNoLN = б в г д ж з к м ҥ п р с т ф х ц ч ш **
• ** Б В Г Д Ж З К М Ҥ П Р С Т Ф Х Ц Ч Ш ; **
• **Cns = б в г д ж з к л м н ҥ п р с т ф х ц ч ш **
• ** Б В Г Д Ж З К Л М Н Ҥ П Р С Т Ф Х Ц Ч Ш ; **
• **Cst = к п т ф х ц ч ш с **
• ** К П Т Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Ц ; **
• **Ltrs = Vow Cns Й й ъ ь Ъ Ь ; **
• **all = Ltrs %- ; **
• **HarmDummies = %{back%} %{front%} ; **

Definitions

Back Harmony BHARM

Front Harmony FHARM

LFH

LBH

Rules

Palatalisation rules

Palatal mark loss before vowel rule

й Deletion in front of я Suffix and others rule

Tests:

• кай%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:*

• ка00яш examples:*

Ь2:ь Palatal mark for V АМ +Prt1+Sg1 rule

толаш+V+Ind+Prt1+Sg1

Tests:

• тол%{back%}Ь2%>%{ыӹØ%}м
• тол0ь%>ым

Ь2:0 Palatal mark for V АМ +Prt1+Sg1 rule

Ь2:ш Palatal mark for V ЕМ +Prt1+Sg1 rule

Vowel rules

Onset vowel in а rule

Onset vowel in ӓ rule

Onset vowel in я rule

Onset vowel in е rule

Onset vowel loss in suffix ыӹ0 rule

Onset vowel loss in suffix Е3 rule

Onset vowel loss in suffix Е3 rule

Onset vowel Е2 realized in suffix :е rule

Onset vowel Е2:э after retained vowel rule

Onset vowel Е3:э after retained vowel rule

Onset vowel е:э after retained vowel rule

Stem final ы loss before Е2 rule

Tests:

• карта%>ы%>ын
• карт0%>ы%>0н
• янжы%{back%}>аш
• янж00>аш

Stem final ӹ loss before Е2 rule

Tests:

• бирка%{front%}%>ӹ%>ӹн
• бирк00%>ӹ%>0н

Vowel harmony rules

Onset vowel ыӹ0 realized in suffix %{ыӹØ%}:ы rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹØ%} realized in suffix %{ыӹØ%}:ӹ rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:ӹ rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:ы rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:е rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹе%} realized in suffix %{ыӹе%}:э rule

Onset vowel %{ыӹэ%} realized in Ine and Ill suffixes %{ыӹэ%}:0 rule

• комбы%>%{ыӹэ%}штем examples:*

• комбы00штем examples:*

Onset vowel %{ыӹэ%} realized in Ine and Ill suffixes %{ыӹэ%}:0 rule

Tests:

• олма%>%{ыӹэ%}штем examples:*

• олма0эштем examples:*

Affix mid or final front %{аӓ%}:ӓ rule

Tests:

• комбы%>еш%>н%{аӓ%} examples:*

• комб00еш0нӓ examples:*

ӹштӓш+Hom2+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: do/tehdä

• ӹштӹ%{front%}%>%{аӓ%}

Tests:

• библиотека%{front%}%^А2ЫӸ%>л%{аӓ%}н examples:*

• библиотекӹ00%>лӓн examples:*

Affix mid or final back %{аӓ%}:а rule

толаш+V+Ind+Prs+Pl1: come/tulla

Tests:

• тол%{back%}%>%{ыӹе%}н%{аӓ%}
• тол0%>ына

Tests:

• колт%>%{ыӹØ%}д%{аӓ%} examples:*

• колт0ыда examples:*

• яд%{back%}%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:*

• яд0%>аш examples:*

Affix mid or final back %{аӓ%}:я rule

Tests:

• кай%>%{аӓ%}ш examples:*

• ка0%>яш examples:*

Affix initial back а:я rule

Not SgNom а:ы rule

Not SgNom а:ӹ rule

suffix-final vowel backed %{ыӹ%}ы rule

suffix-final vowel fronted %{ыӹ%}:ӹ rule

Consonant loss or transformation rules

т:0 in am type verbs rule лӓктӓш:лӓкнӓ

к:0 in am type verbs rule качкаш:качна

з:ц in am type verbs rule вазаш:вацна

н:0 before з:ц in am type verbs rule негӹнзӓш:негӹц

Vowel addition rules

Vowel gain

0:ы between ш _ ж rule йиш:йишӹжӹ

0:ӹ between ш _ ж rule йиш:йишӹжӹ

Vowel loss rules

suffix-final vowel loss before subsequent suffix-initial vowel %{ыӹ%}:0 rule

Not SgNom for lat а:0 rule

Not SgNom for lat е:0 rule

Tests:

• варенье%>ӹ%>влӓ
• варень0%>ӹ%>влӓ

Devoicing

Onset consonant devoicing rule

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc

---

src-fst-morphology-root.lexc.md

Western Mari morphological analyser

The file declares the numticharacter symbols of Western Mari, and gives the Root lexicon.

Analysis symbols The morphological analyses of wordforms for the Western Mari language are presented in this system in terms of the following symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).

The parts-of-speech tags:

• +N +A +Adv +V
• +Pron +CS +CC +Adp +Po +Pr +Interj +Pcle +Num +Descr
• +Prop is a noun subtag

Subtags for pronouns

• +Dem: demonstrative
• +Indef: indefinite
• +Dep: dependent word requiring the presence of noun, e.g. ӹшке
• +Interr: interrogative
• +Pers: personal
• +Recipr: reciprocal
• +Refl: reflexive
• +Rel: relative

Tags for nominals nominals

• +Sg +Du +Pl
• +Ess +Nom +Gen +Acc +Ill +Loc +Com +Com/Sh +Cmpr

Suffix ordering tags:

• +So/CP = Suffix ordering: Case + Possessive Person marking
• +So/PC = Suffix ordering: Possessive Person + Case marking
• +So/NCP = Suffix ordering: Number + Case + Possessive Person marking
• +So/NPC = Suffix ordering: Number + Possessive Person + Case marking
• +So/NP = Suffix ordering: Number + Possessive Person marking
• +So/PN = Suffix ordering: Possessive Person + Number marking

• +So/PNC = Suffix ordering: Possessive Person + Number + Case marking

• +Pos +Comp +Superl = The comparative
• +Attr +Ord =

Tags for numerals

• +Card =

Tags for verbs

• +Aux auxiliary
• +Ind +Prs +Prt1 +Prt2 +Pot +Cond +Imprt = Verb moods
• +Sg1 +Sg2 +Sg3 +Du1 +Du2 +Du3 +Pl1 +Pl2 +Pl3 = Verb personal forms
• +Inf = infinitive
• +Ger = gerund
• +ConNeg +ConNegII +Neg =
• +ImprtII = ыма
• +Act = Prc active participle ЫшЫ
• +Pass +Prc = passive participle ЫмЫ
• +NegPrc = negative passive participle ЫдЫмЫ
• +Sup +VGen +VAbess =
• +FutPrc =
• +TV +IV = to transitivity:

Usage tags:

• +Err/Orth
• +Use/-Spell

Tag from older orthographic norms

• +Orth/1933

Other tags words

• +ABBR +ACR =
• +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
• +CLB +PUNCT +LEFT +RIGHT =
• +Multi = !! multiword units
• +Guess = Non-dictionary words (probably not in use

Question and Focus particles:

• +Qst +Foc =

Tags to be checked and harmonised.

• +AdA =
• +Adn =
• +Arab =
• +Ela =
• +Epist =
• +Intensive =
• +Orth/Colloq =
• +Rom =
• +Spat =
• +Use/Circ =
• +Voc =

Semantic tags

• +Sem/Act Activity
• +Sem/Amount Amount
• +Sem/Ani Animate
• +Sem/Aniprod Animal Product
• +Sem/Body Bodypart
• +Sem/Body-abstr siellu, vuoig?a, jierbmi
• +Sem/Build Building
• +Sem/Build-part Part of Bulding, like the closet
• +Sem/Cat Category
• +Sem/Clth Clothes
• +Sem/Clth-jewl Jewelery
• +Sem/Clth-part part of clothes, boallu, sávdnji…
• +Sem/Ctain Container
• +Sem/Ctain-abstr Abstract container like bank account
• +Sem/Ctain-clth
• +Sem/Curr Currency like dollár, Not Money
• +Sem/Dance Dance
• +Sem/Dir Direction like GPS-kursa
• +Sem/Domain Domain like politics, reindeerherding (a system of actions)
• +Sem/Drink Drink
• +Sem/Dummytag Dummytag
• +Sem/Edu Educational event
• +Sem/Event Event
• +Sem/Feat Feature, like Árvu
• +Sem/Feat-phys Physiological feature, ivdni, fárda
• +Sem/Feat-psych Psychological feauture
• +Sem/Feat-measr Psychological feauture
• +Sem/Fem Female name
• +Sem/Food Food
• +Sem/Food-med Medicine
• +Sem/Furn Furniture
• +Sem/Game Game
• +Sem/Geom Geometrical object
• +Sem/Group Animal or Human Group
• +Sem/Hum Human
• +Sem/Hum-abstr Human abstract
• +Sem/Ideol Ideology
• +Sem/Lang Language
• +Sem/Mal Male name
• +Sem/Mat Material for producing things
• +Sem/Measr Measure
• +Sem/Money Has to do with money, like wages, not Curr(ency)
• +Sem/Obj Object
• +Sem/Obj-clo Cloth
• +Sem/Obj-cogn Cloth
• +Sem/Obj-el (Electrical) machine or apparatus
• +Sem/Obj-ling Object with something written on it
• +Sem/Obj-rope flexible ropelike object
• +Sem/Obj-surfc Surface object
• +Sem/Org Organisation
• +Sem/Part Feature, oassi, bealli
• +Sem/Perc-cogn Cognative perception
• +Sem/Perc-emo Emotional perception
• +Sem/Perc-phys Physical perception
• +Sem/Perc-psych Physical perception
• +Sem/Plant Plant
• +Sem/Plant-part Plant part
• +Sem/Plc Place
• +Sem/Plc-abstr Abstract place
• +Sem/Plc-elevate Place
• +Sem/Plc-line Place
• +Sem/Plc-water Place
• +Sem/Pos Position (as in social position job)
• +Sem/Process Process
• +Sem/Prod Product
• +Sem/Prod-audio Audio product
• +Sem/Prod-cogn Cognition product
• +Sem/Prod-ling Linguistic product
• +Sem/Prod-vis Visual product
• +Sem/Rel Relation
• +Sem/Route Name of a Route
• +Sem/Rule Rule or convention
• +Sem/Semcon Semantic concept
• +Sem/Sign Sign (e.g. numbers, punctuation)
• +Sem/Sport Sport
• +Sem/State
• +Sem/State-sick Illness
• +Sem/Substnc Substance, like Air and Water
• +Sem/Sur Surname
• +Sem/Symbol Symbol
• +Sem/Time Time
• +Sem/Tool Prototypical tool for repairing things
• +Sem/Tool-catch Tool used for catching (e.g. fish)
• +Sem/Tool-clean Tool used for cleaning
• +Sem/Tool-it Tool used in IT
• +Sem/Tool-measr Tool used for measuring
• +Sem/Tool-music Music instrument
• +Sem/Tool-write Writing tool
• +Sem/Txt Text (girji, lávlla…)
• +Sem/Veh Vehicle
• +Sem/Wpn Weapon
• +Sem/Wthr The Weather or the state of ground

Multiple Semantic tags:

• +Sem/Act_Group =
• +Sem/Act_Plc =
• +Sem/Act_Route =
• +Sem/Amount_Build =
• +Sem/Amount_Semcon =
• +Sem/Ani_Body-abstr_Hum =
• +Sem/Ani_Build =
• +Sem/Ani_Build-part =
• +Sem/Ani_Build_Hum_Txt =
• +Sem/Ani_Group =
• +Sem/Ani_Group_Hum =
• +Sem/Ani_Hum =
• +Sem/Ani_Hum_Plc =
• +Sem/Ani_Hum_Time =
• +Sem/Ani_Plc =
• +Sem/Ani_Plc_Txt =
• +Sem/Ani_Time =
• +Sem/Ani_Veh =
• +Sem/Aniprod_Hum =
• +Sem/Aniprod_Obj-clo =
• +Sem/Aniprod_Perc-phys =
• +Sem/Aniprod_Plc =
• +Sem/Body-abstr_Prod-audio_Semcon =
• +Sem/Body_Body-abstr =
• +Sem/Body_Clth =
• +Sem/Body_Food =
• +Sem/Body_Group_Hum =
• +Sem/Body_Hum =
• +Sem/Body_Mat =
• +Sem/Body_Measr =
• +Sem/Body_Obj_Tool-catch =
• +Sem/Body_Plc =
• +Sem/Body_Time =
• +Sem/Build-part_Plc =
• +Sem/Build_Build-part =
• +Sem/Build_Clth-part =
• +Sem/Build_Edu_Org =
• +Sem/Build_Event_Org =
• +Sem/Build_Org =
• +Sem/Build_Route =
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Curr =
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Money =
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Plant =
• +Sem/Clth_Hum =
• +Sem/Ctain-abstr_Org =
• +Sem/Ctain-clth_Plant =
• +Sem/Ctain-clth_Veh =
• +Sem/Ctain_Feat-phys =
• +Sem/Ctain_Furn =
• +Sem/Ctain_Tool =
• +Sem/Ctain_Tool-measr =
• +Sem/Curr_Org =
• +Sem/Dance_Org =
• +Sem/Dance_Prod-audio =
• +Sem/Domain_Food-med =
• +Sem/Domain_Prod-audio =
• +Sem/Edu_Event =
• +Sem/Edu_Group_Hum =
• +Sem/Edu_Mat =
• +Sem/Edu_Org =
• +Sem/Event_Food =
• +Sem/Event_Hum =
• +Sem/Event_Plc =
• +Sem/Event_Time =
• +Sem/Feat-phys_Tool-write =
• +Sem/Feat-phys_Veh =
• +Sem/Feat-phys_Wthr =
• +Sem/Feat-psych_Hum =
• +Sem/Feat_Plant =
• +Sem/Food_Perc-phys =
• +Sem/Food_Plant =
• +Sem/Game_Obj-play =
• +Sem/Geom_Obj =
• +Sem/Group_Hum =
• +Sem/Group_Hum_Org =
• +Sem/Group_Hum_Plc =
• +Sem/Group_Hum_Prod-vis =
• +Sem/Group_Org =
• +Sem/Group_Sign =
• +Sem/Group_Txt =
• +Sem/Hum_Lang =
• +Sem/Hum_Lang_Plc =
• +Sem/Hum_Lang_Time =
• +Sem/Hum_Obj =
• +Sem/Hum_Org =
• +Sem/Hum_Plant =
• +Sem/Hum_Plc =
• +Sem/Hum_Tool =
• +Sem/Hum_Veh =
• +Sem/Hum_Wthr =
• +Sem/Lang_Tool =
• +Sem/Mat_Plant =
• +Sem/Mat_Txt =
• +Sem/Measr_Time =
• +Sem/Money_Obj =
• +Sem/Money_Txt =
• +Sem/Obj-play =
• +Sem/Obj-play_Sport =
• +Sem/Obj_Semcon =
• +Sem/Clth-jewl_Org =
• +Sem/Org_Rule =
• +Sem/Org_Txt =
• +Sem/Org_Veh =
• +Sem/Part_Prod-cogn =
• +Sem/Perc-emo_Wthr =
• +Sem/Plant_Plant-part =
• +Sem/Plant_Tool =
• +Sem/Plant_Tool-measr =
• +Sem/Plc-abstr_Rel_State =
• +Sem/Plc-abstr_Route =
• +Sem/Plc_Pos =
• +Sem/Plc_Route =
• +Sem/Plc_Substnc =
• +Sem/Plc_Substnc_Wthr =
• +Sem/Plc_Time =
• +Sem/Plc_Tool-catch =
• +Sem/Plc_Wthr =
• +Sem/Prod-audio_Txt =
• +Sem/Prod-cogn_Txt =
• +Sem/Semcon_Txt =
• +Sem/Obj_State =
• +Sem/Substnc_Wthr =
• +Sem/Time_Wthr =

Semantics are classified with

Derivation

Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech.

• +V→N +V→V +V→A =
• +Der =
• +Der/шЫ = Act Prc
• +Der/мЫ = Pass Prc
• +Der/дЫмЫ = NegPrc
• +Der/N = !! Noun derivation
• +Foc/Ат =

• +Foc/ок = too, also

• +Ine =
• +Conj =
• +WORK = Error?
• +Abe =
• +Hom3 =
• +Temp =
• +Des =
• +Lat =
• +Dat =
• +Sem/Patr =
• ** =
• +Use/NG =
• +Err/Sub =

Morphophonology

To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files:

• +Err/Sub
• +Err/Sub used in verb affix onset
• +Err/Sub used in verb affix onset

• +Err/Sub used in noun affix onset ine, ill

• %{ыӹ%} %{аӓ%} А2 Е2 Е3 =
• Ь2 = V_АМ +Prt1+Sg1
• %{front%} %{back%} = for front/back suffixes

Lexeme disambiguation tags

• +Hom1 : Homonymy толам used in l element and lexc
• +Hom2 : Homonymy колем used in l element and lexc
• %^ConsTransf k loss in am-verbs, also z to ts
• %^KIN with kin terms for ӓвӓмӹн not мӱэмӹн
• %^А2ЫӸ with карта and картын витринӹн

• +Cmp =

• »
• «

• (written with square brackets, see the root.lexc file)

• < (written with square brackets, see the root.lexc file)

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

Flag	Comment
@P.NeedNoun.ON@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@D.NeedNoun.ON@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@C.NeedNoun@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

Flag	Comment
@P.CmpFrst.FALSE@	Require that words tagged as such only appear first
@D.CmpPref.TRUE@	Block such words from entering ENDLEX
@P.CmpPref.FALSE@	Block these words from making further compounds
@D.CmpLast.TRUE@	Block such words from entering R
@D.CmpNone.TRUE@	Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding
@U.CmpNone.FALSE@	Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding
@P.CmpOnly.TRUE@	Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R
@D.CmpOnly.FALSE@	Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

Flag	Comment
@U.Cap.Obl@	Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
@U.Cap.Opt@	Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

Root lexicon

The word forms in Hill Mari start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes, or optionally from prefixes: The assumption is that xml files with names pos.xml will provide the source material for the initial pos.lexc LEXICON Pos entries

• adjectives ;
• adpositions ;
• adverbs ;
• conjunctors ;
• descriptives ;
• interjections ;
• nouns ;
• particles ;
• pronouns ;
• propernouns ;
• mrj-propernouns ;
• propernouns-toponyms ;
• quantifiers ;
• verbs ;
• numberwords ;
• Numeral ;
• Punctuation ;
• Symbols ;
• A_NEWWORDS ;
• N_NEWWORDS ;
• PROP_NEWWORDS ;
• Exceptions ;
• urj-Cyrl-ProperNouns ; This is the template
• LEXICON GER-en
• +V+Ger: K ;

ENDLEX goes to # for now.

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-adjectives_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. йолтишкӓ:йолтишкӓ A_OLMA “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

ADD ADJECTIVES BELOW

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adjectives_newwords.lexc

---

src-fst-morphology-stems-exceptions.lexc.md

PROPER GIVEN NAMES

PROPER PATRONYMS

PROPER PLACE NAMES

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/exceptions.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-mrj-propernouns.lexc.md

This may contain Meadow & Eastern Mari (mhr) place names. the letter ‹ҥ› is only used in (mhr)

йолтишкӓ+N+Prop:йолтишкӓ PROP_OLMA “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/mrj-propernouns.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-nouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. йолтишкӓ+N:йолтишкӓ A_OLMA “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

ADD NOUNS BELOW

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/nouns_newwords.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-numerals.lexc.md

Meadow & Eastern Mari numerals

The initial lexica

• LEXICON Numeral initial lexica

• LEXICON ARABIC arabic numerals

• LEXICON ARABICLOOP

• LEXICON ARABICLOOPORD_Back ordinals

• LEXICON ARABICLOOPORD_Front ordinals

• LEXICON ARABICLOOPORD_FrontRound ordinals

• LEXICON ARABICDELIMITERORD_Back ordinals

• LEXICON ARABICDELIMITERORD_Front ordinals

• LEXICON ARABICDELIMITERORD_FrontRound ordinals

The Roman numerals ! —————— !

• LEXICON ROMAN roman numerals

• LEXICON ROM-THOUSAND

• LEXICON ROM-THOUSAND-TAG

• LEXICON ROM-HUNDRED

• LEXICON ROM-HUNDRED-TAG

• LEXICON ROM-TEN

• LEXICON ROM-TEN-TAG

• LEXICON ROM-ONE

• LEXICON ROM-ONE-TAG

• LEXICON ROM-SPLIT

• LEXICON 2ROMAN

• LEXICON 2ROM-THOUSAND

• LEXICON 2ROM-THOUSAND-TAG

• LEXICON 2ROM-HUNDRED

• LEXICON 2ROM-HUNDRED-TAG

• LEXICON 2ROM-TEN

• LEXICON 2ROM-TEN-TAG

• LEXICON 2ROM-ONE

• LEXICON 2ROM-ONE-TAG

• LEXICON ROMNUMTAG

• LEXICON ARABICCASEORD_Back ordinals Is this then becoming +Ex/A?
• LEXICON ARABICCASEORD_Front ordinals
• LEXICON ARABICCASEORD_FrontRound ordinals

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/numerals.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-prefixes.lexc.md

Prefixes Prefixes in the Western Mari language are bound to beginning of other words.

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/prefixes.lexc

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src-fst-morphology-stems-propernouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. йолтишкӓ+N+Prop:йолтишкӓ PROP_OLMA “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;

ADD NOUNS BELOW

MARI-LIKE NAMES

PLACE NAMES

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/propernouns_newwords.lexc

---

src-fst-phonetics-txt2ipa.xfscript.md

retroflex plosive, voiceless t ʈ 0288, 648 ( = ASCII 096) retroflex plosive, voiced d ɖ 0256, 598 labiodental nasal F ɱ 0271, 625 retroflex nasal n ɳ 0273, 627 palatal nasal J ɲ 0272, 626 velar nasal N ŋ 014B, 331 uvular nasal N\ ɴ 0274, 628

bilabial trill B\ ʙ 0299, 665 uvular trill R\ ʀ 0280, 640 alveolar tap 4 ɾ 027E, 638 retroflex flap r ɽ 027D, 637 bilabial fricative, voiceless p\ ɸ 0278, 632 bilabial fricative, voiced B β 03B2, 946 dental fricative, voiceless T θ 03B8, 952 dental fricative, voiced D ð 00F0, 240 postalveolar fricative, voiceless S ʃ 0283, 643 postalveolar fricative, voiced Z ʒ 0292, 658 retroflex fricative, voiceless s ʂ 0282, 642 retroflex fricative, voiced z` ʐ 0290, 656 palatal fricative, voiceless C ç 00E7, 231 palatal fricative, voiced j\ ʝ 029D, 669 velar fricative, voiced G ɣ 0263, 611 uvular fricative, voiceless X χ 03C7, 967 uvular fricative, voiced R ʁ 0281, 641 pharyngeal fricative, voiceless X\ ħ 0127, 295 pharyngeal fricative, voiced ?\ ʕ 0295, 661 glottal fricative, voiced h\ ɦ 0266, 614

alveolar lateral fricative, vl. K alveolar lateral fricative, vd. K\

labiodental approximant P (or v) alveolar approximant r\ retroflex approximant r` velar approximant M\

retroflex lateral approximant l` palatal lateral approximant L velar lateral approximant L
Clicks

bilabial O\ (O = capital letter) dental |
(post)alveolar !\ palatoalveolar =\ alveolar lateral ||
Ejectives, implosives

ejective > e.g. ejective p p> implosive < e.g. implosive b b< Vowels

close back unrounded M close central unrounded 1 close central rounded } lax i I lax y Y lax u U

close-mid front rounded 2 close-mid central unrounded @\ close-mid central rounded 8 close-mid back unrounded 7

schwa ə @

open-mid front unrounded E open-mid front rounded 9 open-mid central unrounded 3 open-mid central rounded 3\ open-mid back unrounded V open-mid back rounded O

ash (ae digraph) { open schwa (turned a) 6

open front rounded & open back unrounded A open back rounded Q Other symbols

voiceless labial-velar fricative W voiced labial-palatal approx. H voiceless epiglottal fricative H\ voiced epiglottal fricative <\ epiglottal plosive >\

alveolo-palatal fricative, vl. s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ Suprasegmentals

primary stress “ secondary stress % long : half-long :\ extra-short _X linking mark -
Tones and word accents

level extra high _T level high _H level mid _M level low _L level extra low _B downstep ! upstep ^ (caret, circumflex)

contour, rising contour, falling _F contour, high rising _H_T contour, low rising _B_L

contour, rising-falling _R_F (NB Instead of being written as diacritics with _, all prosodic marks can alternatively be placed in a separate tier, set off by < >, as recommended for the next two symbols.) global rise global fall Diacritics

voiceless 0 (0 = figure), e.g. n_0 voiced _v aspirated _h more rounded _O (O = letter) less rounded _c advanced _+ retracted _- centralized _” syllabic = (or _=) e.g. n= (or n=) non-syllabic _^ rhoticity `

breathy voiced _t creaky voiced _k linguolabial _N labialized _w palatalized ‘ (or _j) e.g. t’ (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\

dental d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g. A~ (or A~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _}

velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/phonetics/txt2ipa.xfscript

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src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc.md

We describe here how abbreviations are in Western Mari are read out, e.g. for text-to-speech systems.

For example:

• s.:syntynyt # ;
• os.:omaa% sukua # ;
• v.:vuosi # ;
• v.:vuonna # ;
• esim.:esimerkki # ;
• esim.:esimerkiksi # ;

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc

---

tools-grammarcheckers-grammarchecker.cg3.md

[ L A N G U A G E ] G R A M M A R C H E C K E R

DELIMITERS

TAGS AND SETS

Tags

This section lists all the tags inherited from the fst, and used as tags in the syntactic analysis. The next section, Sets, contains sets defined on the basis of the tags listed here, those set names are not visible in the output.

Beginning and end of sentence

BOS EOS

Parts of speech tags

N A Adv V Pron CS CC CC-CS Po Pr Pcle Num Interj ABBR ACR CLB LEFT RIGHT WEB PPUNCT PUNCT

COMMA ¶

Tags for POS sub-categories

Pers Dem Interr Indef Recipr Refl Rel Coll NomAg Prop Allegro Arab Romertall

Tags for morphosyntactic properties

Nom Acc Gen Ill Loc Com Ess Ess Sg Du Pl Cmp/SplitR Cmp/SgNom Cmp/SgGen Cmp/SgGen PxSg1 PxSg2 PxSg3 PxDu1 PxDu2 PxDu3 PxPl1 PxPl2 PxPl3 Px

Comp Superl Attr Ord Qst IV TV Prt Prs Ind Pot Cond Imprt ImprtII Sg1 Sg2 Sg3 Du1 Du2 Du3 Pl1 Pl2 Pl3 Inf ConNeg Neg PrfPrc VGen PrsPrc Ger Sup Actio VAbess

Err/Orth

Semantic tags

Sem/Act Sem/Ani Sem/Atr Sem/Body Sem/Clth Sem/Domain Sem/Feat-phys Sem/Fem Sem/Group Sem/Lang Sem/Mal Sem/Measr Sem/Money Sem/Obj Sem/Obj-el Sem/Org Sem/Perc-emo Sem/Plc Sem/Sign Sem/State-sick Sem/Sur Sem/Time Sem/Txt

HUMAN

PROP-ATTR PROP-SUR

TIME-N-SET

Syntactic tags

@+FAUXV @+FMAINV @-FAUXV @-FMAINV @-FSUBJ> @-F<OBJ @-FOBJ> @-FSPRED<OBJ @-F<ADVL @-FADVL> @-F<SPRED @-F<OPRED @-FSPRED> @-FOPRED> @>ADVL @ADVL< @<ADVL @ADVL> @ADVL @HAB> @<HAB @>N @Interj @N< @>A @P< @>P @HNOUN @INTERJ @>Num @Pron< @>Pron @Num< @OBJ @<OBJ @OBJ> @OPRED @<OPRED @OPRED> @PCLE @COMP-CS< @SPRED @<SPRED @SPRED> @SUBJ @<SUBJ @SUBJ> SUBJ SPRED OPRED @PPRED @APP @APP-N< @APP-Pron< @APP>Pron @APP-Num< @APP-ADVL< @VOC @CVP @CNP OBJ

-OTHERS SYN-V @X ## Sets containing sets of lists and tags This part of the file lists a large number of sets based partly upon the tags defined above, and partly upon lexemes drawn from the lexicon. See the sourcefile itself to inspect the sets, what follows here is an overview of the set types. ### Sets for Single-word sets INITIAL ### Sets for word or not WORD NOT-COMMA ### Case sets ADLVCASE CASE-AGREEMENT CASE NOT-NOM NOT-GEN NOT-ACC ### Verb sets NOT-V ### Sets for finiteness and mood REAL-NEG MOOD-V NOT-PRFPRC ### Sets for person SG1-V SG2-V SG3-V DU1-V DU2-V DU3-V PL1-V PL2-V PL3-V ### Pronoun sets ### Adjectival sets and their complements ### Adverbial sets and their complements ### Sets of elements with common syntactic behaviour ### NP sets defined according to their morphosyntactic features ### The PRE-NP-HEAD family of sets These sets model noun phrases (NPs). The idea is to first define whatever can occur in front of the head of the NP, and thereafter negate that with the expression **WORD - premodifiers**. ### Border sets and their complements ### Grammarchecker sets * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/grammarcheckers/grammarchecker.cg3](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-mrj/blob/main/tools/grammarcheckers/grammarchecker.cg3) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.1938.pmscript.md Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst Issues: - [X] Ambiguous input - Seems to work fine - [X] Ambiguous multiword expessions with ambiguous tokenisation - Seems to work – represented within lexc now; hfst-tokenise also supports forms on the analyses now - [X] Ambiguous multiword expessions need reorganising after CG - The module cg-mwesplit takes wordforms from readings and turns them into new cohorts - [X] Unknown words - The set-difference method only works for words without flag diacritics (even though we should be working only on the form-side?) and leads to binary blow-up: With only lower unknowns, we get 45M; lower+upper gives 67M, while no unknowns gives 27M - Fixed instead by treating empty analyses as unknown-tokens in hfst-tokenise, and outputting unmatched strings with a prefix - [ ] Treat input that's within superblanks as unmatched - probably requires a change in hfst-tokenise itself - [X] Try >1 space for ambiguous MWE's? – represented within lexc now - [ ] Try set-difference-unknowns method with regular hfst commands? More usage examples: $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst Pmatch documentation: https://kitwiki.csc.fi/twiki/bin/view/KitWiki/HfstPmatch Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Needs hfst-tokenise to output things differently depending on the tag they get * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.1938.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-mrj/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.1938.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.eighties.pmscript.md Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst Issues: - [X] Ambiguous input - Seems to work fine - [X] Ambiguous multiword expessions with ambiguous tokenisation - Seems to work – represented within lexc now; hfst-tokenise also supports forms on the analyses now - [X] Ambiguous multiword expessions need reorganising after CG - The module cg-mwesplit takes wordforms from readings and turns them into new cohorts - [X] Unknown words - The set-difference method only works for words without flag diacritics (even though we should be working only on the form-side?) and leads to binary blow-up: With only lower unknowns, we get 45M; lower+upper gives 67M, while no unknowns gives 27M - Fixed instead by treating empty analyses as unknown-tokens in hfst-tokenise, and outputting unmatched strings with a prefix - [ ] Treat input that's within superblanks as unmatched - probably requires a change in hfst-tokenise itself - [X] Try >1 space for ambiguous MWE's? – represented within lexc now - [ ] Try set-difference-unknowns method with regular hfst commands? More usage examples: $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst Pmatch documentation: https://kitwiki.csc.fi/twiki/bin/view/KitWiki/HfstPmatch Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Needs hfst-tokenise to output things differently depending on the tag they get * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.eighties.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-mrj/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.eighties.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript.md # Tokeniser for mrj Usage: ``` $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://github.com/hfst/hfst/wiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1. unknown word-like forms, and 2. unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by `hfst-tokenise -a` Unknowns are made of: * lower-case ASCII * upper-case ASCII * some cyrillics * select extended latin symbols * extended cyrillics ASCII digits * select symbols * Combining diacritics as individual symbols, * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" ## Unknown handling Unknowns are tagged ?? and treated specially with `hfst-tokenise` hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Finally we mark as a token any sequence making up a: * known word in context * unknown (OOV) token in context * sequence of word and punctuation * URL in context * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-mrj/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.thirties.pmscript.md Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst Issues: - [X] Ambiguous input - Seems to work fine - [X] Ambiguous multiword expessions with ambiguous tokenisation - Seems to work – represented within lexc now; hfst-tokenise also supports forms on the analyses now - [X] Ambiguous multiword expessions need reorganising after CG - The module cg-mwesplit takes wordforms from readings and turns them into new cohorts - [X] Unknown words - The set-difference method only works for words without flag diacritics (even though we should be working only on the form-side?) and leads to binary blow-up: With only lower unknowns, we get 45M; lower+upper gives 67M, while no unknowns gives 27M - Fixed instead by treating empty analyses as unknown-tokens in hfst-tokenise, and outputting unmatched strings with a prefix - [ ] Treat input that's within superblanks as unmatched - probably requires a change in hfst-tokenise itself - [X] Try >1 space for ambiguous MWE's? – represented within lexc now - [ ] Try set-difference-unknowns method with regular hfst commands? More usage examples: $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst Pmatch documentation: https://kitwiki.csc.fi/twiki/bin/view/KitWiki/HfstPmatch Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Needs hfst-tokenise to output things differently depending on the tag they get * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.thirties.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-mrj/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.thirties.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript.md # Grammar checker tokenisation for mrj Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: ``` $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` More usage examples: ``` $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://github.com/hfst/hfst/wiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a * select extended latin symbols * select symbols * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Finally we mark as a token any sequence making up a: * known word in context * unknown (OOV) token in context * sequence of word and punctuation * URL in context * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-mrj/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript.md # TTS tokenisation for smj Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: ```sh make echo "ja, ja" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` More usage examples: ```sh echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa \ boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst echo "márffibiillagáffe" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://kitwiki.csc.fi/twiki/bin/view/KitWiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a * select extended latin symbols * select symbols * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Needs hfst-tokenise to output things differently depending on the tag they get * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-mrj/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript)