Noun (Gaeilge) Replace Rules

Elaine Uí Dhonnchadha 12/12/96 - continued March 1998

INTRO

Certain vowel combinations will be represented by one symbol as these vowel sounds should be treated as a unit.

DIPHTHONG EXAMPLE

For example in slenderising “ua” we want “uai” not “uiai”. Diphthongs

LONG VOWEL EXAMPLE

In cathair (city) the “ai” is syncopated but in cathaoir (chair) “aoi” is not. There are two other diphthongs in Irish but the are not explicitly represented orthographically (radharc, etc see Fpóca)

Long Vowels

Rules

Definitions

• define Vowel a

  e

  i

  o

  u

  á

  é

  í

  ó

  ú

  %^AO

  %^IA

  %^AE

  %^UA ;

• define Nountag %^F

  %^M

  %^C

  %^G

  %^V ;

• define Cons b

  c

  d

  f

  g

  h

  j

  k

  l

  m

  n

  p

  q

  r

  s

  t

  v

  w

  x

  y

  z

  %^FC

  %^FY

  %^FS

  %^FB ;

Regex

• read regex [ a e -> %^AE ] Long vowel symbol

• [ a o -> %^AO ] Long vowel symbol

• [ u a -> %^UA ] Diphthong symbol

• [e a n n] -> [%^FY n e]

  Cons _ [Nountag+

  %^Adj] %^Coim

• [e a l l] -> [%^FY l e],

• [a l l] -> [%^FY l e]

  Cons _ [Nountag+

  %^Adj] %^Coim

• [a i l l] -> [%^FY l a]

  Cons _ [Nountag+

  %^Adj] %^Coim

• [a

  e

  i

  o

  u] -> [%^FY]

  Cons (a

  e) _ ?^<3 [Nountag+

  %^Adj] %^Coim

• %^Coim -> []

• %^M -> []
• %^F -> []
• %^C -> []
• %^G -> []
• %^V -> []

• %^Adj -> []

• é -> %^FC é i

  _ %^Ath finné -> finnéi+the

• í -> %^FC i

  _ %^Ath t ainmhí -> ainmhi+the

• NOTE must fire before ch->í rule as we
• don’t want the new í being turned into i

• i ú -> %^FC i

  _ %^Ath t deimhniú -> deimhni+the (pl)

• ú -> %^FC u i

  _ %^Ath t tarlú -> tarlui+the (pl)

• i ú -> [%^FC ]

  _ %^Ath i deimhniú -> deimhn+ithe (gen sg)

• ú -> [%^FC a]

  _ %^Ath i tarlú -> tarla+ithe (gen sg)

• a í -> [%^FC ]

  _ %^Ath a cónaí -> cón+aithe (gen sg)

• d l %^X a d h -> [%^FC d l a]

  _ %^Ath (%^Caol) t codladh -> codlata

• t h %^X a d h -> [%^FC ]

  _ %^Ath (%^Caol) t leathadh -> leata

• t h %^X a d h -> [%^FC ]

  _ %^Ath (%^Caol) t leathadh -> leata

• t e %^X a d h -> [%^FC ]

  _ %^Ath (%^Caol) t

• t %^X a d h -> [%^FC ]

  _ %^Ath (%^Caol) t

• e a d h -> [%^FC ]

  %^X _ %^Ath (%^Caol) t

• g t -> [%^FC g]

  _ %^Ath (%^Caol) t tarrXaingt -> tarrXaingthe

• a d h -> [%^FC ]

  %^X _ %^Ath (%^Caol) t

end new

Nouns :final syllable “ach” and “adh” become “aí” , eg bealach “each” and “eadh” become “í” stems must be polysyllabic e.g. not beach, sceach etc (teach is an exception) Adj Like Nouns :final syllable “ach” (no “adh”?) become “aí” , eg déanach - déanaí

• c h -> %^FC í , bealach -> bealaí, soitheach -> soithí
• margadh -> margaí, geimhreadh -> geimhrí

• d h -> %^FC í

  Vowel+ Cons+ %^X (e) a _ %^Ath (%^Caol) (t) added \t 31/08/06

• e a -> []

  _ %^FC í %^Ath correction : geimhrea^FCí->geimhr^FCí,

• soitheaí->soithí
• Adj: leochaileaí -> leochailí

• b h -> %^FC a í

  _ %^Ath leanbh -> leanaí

• d h -> %^FC t

  i _ %^Ath %^Lea iarraidh(aí) -> iarrait(aí)

• t -> [%^FC ]

  n _ %^Ath tiomáint -> tiomána ( was t->a but D3 appenda a)

• t -> %^FC t h

  r _ %^Ath tagairt -> tagartha, buairt -> buartha

• e -> [%^FC ]

  _ %^Ath “e” is removed and “í” or “te” is appended

• buille -> buillí, císte -> cístí
• míle -> mílte, sloinne -> sloinnte

• i o -> %^FC e a

  _ [c

  n

  s

  r] (h t) %^Ath sioc(m) -> seaca,

• briocht -> breachta
• smior(m) -> smeara
• fios(m) -> feasa, crios(m) -> creasa
• cion(m) -> ceana

• gion(m) -> geana

• o c h -> [%^FC ]

  %^X (?) í _ %^Ath buíoch -> buí +thí

• c h -> [%^FC ]

  %^X [á

  ó

  o

  %^UA] _ %^Ath sách,sóch,gleoch,díomuach (^UA=ua)

• [ %^Caol -> []

  [i

  í] Cons* _ search to check if

• the last vowel is an “i” or “í”

• %^Lea -> []

  [a

  o

  u

  á

  ó

  ú

  %^UA

  %^AO

  %^AE

  %^IA] Cons* _

• check that the last vowel is NOT an “i” or “í”

• U=ua O=ao E=ae (I=ia included though not in use)

• c h -> %^FC g h

  Vowel+ Cons+ %^X (e) a _ %^Caol

• c h -> %^FC g h

  Vowel+ Cons+ %^X í o _ %^Caol

• c h -> %^FC g h

  d ú _ %^Caol

• a -> %^FS i

  %^X [e

  u] _ [[c (h)] cuach - cuiche,

• [b (h)] dealbh - deilbhe

• [d (h)] nead - neide, fleadh - fleidhe

• [l b h] dealbh - deilbhe

• [n g] reang - reinge

• [r c] searc - seirce, leac - leice

• [r g] fearg - feirge

• [t h] leath - leithe

• [s] greas - greise

• [m (h)] neamh - neimhe (added ‘(h)’) - CW 09/08

• ] %^Caol e

• e a -> %^FS i

  Cons+ %^X _ Cons+ %^Caol

• a -> %^FS i

  %^X é _ Cons+ %^Caol

• [..] -> %^FS i

  %^X (e) [%^AO

  a

  á

  o

  ó

  u

  ú

  %^UA] _ Cons+ %^Caol

• [..] -> %^FS i

  %^X (i) ú _ Cons+ %^Caol

• o -> [%^FS ]

  %^X (a

  u) [i

  í] _ Cons+ %^Caol

• u -> [%^FS ]

  %^X [i

  í] _ Cons+ %^Caol

• i a -> %^FS é i

  %^X (h) _ Cons+ %^Caol (t) e

• [..] -> %^FS i

  %^X i a _ Cons+ %^Caol .#.

• i a -> %^FS e a

  %^X _ Cons+ %^Caol a

• %^Caol -> []

May 1998 Leathú (^Lea) :Broadening of slender words Usually by removing “i” but also by substituting vowels eg io->ea and also by inserting a broad vowel eg í->ío included %^FH in i -> ea rule

• o i -> %^FB a

  r _ Cons+ %^Lea roinn -> rann

• i -> %^FB a

  [e

  é] _ Cons+ %^Lea greim(m) -> greama, spéir -> spéartha

• i -> %^FB e a

  [b

  c

  m

  r] (%^FH h) %^X _ Cons+ %^Lea

• binn -> beanna, rith -> reatha
• cith(m) -> ceatha, crith(m) -> creatha

• scian -> sceana (I) imirt -> imeartha

• i -> [%^FB]

  [a

  á

  %^AE

  o

  ó

  ú

  %^UA

  %^AO] _ Cons+ %^Lea

• CHECK WHETHER “u” SHOULD BE HERE TOO???
• OR DOES “ui” ALWAYS GO TO “o” (see next rule)
• it appears so …
• súil - súl, dúil, glúin
• cóir - córa, móin - móna
• deoir - deora, feoil - feola
• troid - troda, cainteoir - cainteora
• droim(m) - droma, goin - gona, toil
• gáir - gártha, tiomáint - tiomána
• síocháin - síochána, cáisc - cásca
• stair - startha, flaith(m) - flatha
• bliain - bliana
• grósaeir - grósaera (E), traein - traen(E)
• bádóir - bádóra, buairt(U) -> buartha

• aoir - aortha (O)

• u i -> %^FB o

  _ Cons+ %^Lea cuid - na coda, fuil - fola

• [..] -> %^FB o

  (a) í _ Cons+ %^Lea

• feadaíl - feadaíola, tír - tíortha
• %^Lea -> []

Vowel Harmony of Broad and Slender Vowels: Endings (which are appended to the root) must be broad or slender to agree with root NB: this must be tested after ^Coim, ^Caol or ^Lea tags have been applied Examples

• (1) (e)acha : neadacha (nests), stoirmeacha (storms)
• (2) (e)anna : carranna (cars), áiteanna (places) The broad ending “acha” or “anna” will be applied as standard. If the root is now found to be slender an “e” will be inserted
• %^X -> [] no longer required and it would

• get in the way of the next rule

• [ %^VH -> e

  [i

  í] Cons* _ ] check if the last vowel before the %^VH

• is slender (ie an “i” or “í” )

• [ a -> []

  a %^VH _ ] remove extre “a” in Havana^VHach

• %^VH -> []

• [..] -> e

  [e

  é

  i

  í

  %^AE] Cons* s _ %^Emph

• [..] -> a

  [a

  á

  o

  ó

  u

  ú

  %^UA

  %^IA

  %^AO] Cons* s _ %^Emph

• [..] -> %-

  s _ s (a

  e) %^Emph

• %^Emph -> []

• [ %^AE -> a e]
• [ %^AO -> a o]
• [ %^UA -> u a]
• [%^F -> []]
• [%^M -> []]
• [%^N -> []]
• [%^G -> []]
• [%^V -> []]
• [%^CB -> []]

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.nounadj.xfscript