Irish morphological analyser !

INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF Irish LANGUAGE.

Definitions for Multichar_Symbols

Tag symbols for analysis

The morphological analyses of wordforms for the Irish language are presented in this system in terms of the following symbols.

• **+Corr ** =
• **+Error ** =
• **+Start ** =

Tag list:

• **+1P ** = first person inflection
• **+2P ** = second person inflection
• **+3P ** = third person inflection
• **+A ** = XXX check
• **+ABBR ** = Abbreviation
• **+ACR ** = Acronym
• **+Abr ** = “Abbreviation”
• **+Ad ** = Adverbial particle: go
• **+Adj ** = Adjective
• **+Adv ** = Adverb
• **+Anon ** = Anonymisation in transcribed speech
• **+Arab ** = Arabic numerals (1, 2, …)
• **+Art ** = Article determiner (an/na)
• **+Attr ** = Attribute, element preceeding head
• **+Auto ** = Autonomous verb form
• **+Bar ** = hyphen, underscore, dash etc.
• **+Bare ** = bare number form used after number particle “a”
• **+Base ** = Base form of adjective (changed from +Pos to +Base 10/09/03)
• **+Brack ** = round, square and curly brackets
• **+CC ** = Canúint Chonnachta, Connaught dialect
• **+CLB ** = Clause boundary
• **+CLBfinal ** = Final clause boundary
• **+CM ** = Canúint na Mumhan, Munster dialect
• **+CU ** = Canúint Uladh, Ulster dialect
• **+Card ** = Cardinal number(one two three …)
• **+Cmc ** = Communicator (yeah, y’know) in transcribed speech
• **+CmpNP/First ** =
• **+CmpNP/None ** =
• **+Cmpd ** = Compound prepostion
• **+CmpdNoGen ** =
• **+Cmpl ** = Complementizer: go, gur, nach, nár
• **+Com ** = Common case (nominative/accusative/dative case)
• **+Comp ** = Comparative adjective (c)
• **+Conj ** = Conjunction
• **+Cond ** = Conditional mood
• **+Coord ** = Coordinating conjunction
• **+Cop ** = Copula
• **+Curr ** = Currency symbols
• **+Dat ** = Dative case (e.g. chois) fossilised forms
• **+DeNom ** = Adjectives drived from proper nouns, e.g. Albanach (Scottish adjective), not the same as Albanais (Scottish language noun)
• **+Def ** = Definite article
• **+DefArt ** = noun/number form that follows a definite article (an)
• **+Deg ** = degree particle with Adj/Abstract Noun (so loud, so sharp etc..
• **+Dem ** = Demonstrative determiner (also combined with copula, e.g. Seo
• **+Dep ** = Dependant forms of verbs
• **+Det ** = Determiner, e.g. possessive determiner: mo, do
• **+Dir ** = Directional adverb
• **+Direct ** = Direct relative particle
• **+Ecl ** = Eclipsis (+Urú) initial mutation, e.g. ar an gcat
• **+Emph ** = Emphatic (Contrastive) form of personal pronoun e.g. ár dteachsa, do theachsa, a teachsa
• **+End ** = end bracket, quote etc
• **+English ** = English language words
• **+Err/Hyph ** =
• **+Err/Lex ** =
• **+Err/MissingSpace ** =
• **+Err/Orth ** = Orthografical error
• **+Err/SpaceCmp ** = Compound space error
• **+Event ** = Simple Event (laugh, sneeze etc.) in transcribed speech
• **+Fam ** = Family Name - proper noun
• **+Fem ** = Feminine gender
• **+Filler ** = Filled Pause (eh, em, etc.) in transcribed speech
• **+Fin ** = sentence final punctuation
• **+Foreign ** = words from other languages, mainly English, some Latin
• **+Fut ** = Future tense verbal particle
• **+FutInd ** = Future Indicative verb
• **+Gen ** = Genitive case
• **+Acc ** = Accusative case
• **+Cp ** = ?
• **+Wh ** = wh word?
• **+Gn ** = General adverb
• **+Guess ** = Morphological guesser
• **+hPref ** = h prefixed to a vowel-initial word
• **+Idf ** = Indefinite quantifier/pronoun e.g. aon (any), cibé (whoever), ceachtar/neachtar (either/neither) etc.
• **+Ill ** = n/a
• **+Imp ** = Imperative particle (negative)
• **+Imper ** = Imperative mood
• **+Indirect ** = Indirect relative particle
• **+Inf ** = Infinitival particle
• **+Int ** = Sentence internal punctuation
• **+Itj ** = Interjection
• **+Its ** = Intensifier of adjective e.g. sách, ró- etc.
• **+End ** = end bracket, quote etc
• **+Latin ** = Latin language words
• **+LEFT ** = Left side of parwise symbol (parenthesis or quotation mark)
• **+Len ** = Lenited forms
• **+Loc ** = Locative adverb
• **+MIDDLE ** = Middle punctuation
• **+MWE ** = Multi word expression
• **+Masc ** = Masculine gender
• **+N ** = n/a (Noun is used) – The +N tag is in use, TODO: change it
• **+NER ** = Named Entity Recognition
• **+NG ** = Don’t generate non-standard form
• **+NStem ** = De-nominal verbal noun
• **+Neg ** = Negative particle (n)
• **+NegQ ** = Negative interrogative verbal particle(q)
• **+Nm ** = Number particle (m)
• **+Nom ** =
• **+NotSlen ** = Adj qualifies pl noun with non-slender ending
• **+Noun ** = Noun (common, proper, verbal, substantive)
• **+Num ** = Numeral
• **+OLang/ENG ** = - English language words
• **+OLang/FIN ** = -
• **+OLang/HUN ** = -
• **+OLang/LAT ** = - Latin language words
• **+OLang/NNO ** = -
• **+OLang/NOB ** = -
• **+OLang/RUS ** = -
• **+OLang/SMA ** = -
• **+OLang/SME ** = -
• **+OLang/SMJ ** = -
• **+OLang/SWE ** = -
• **+OLang/UND ** = -
• **+Obj ** = Object e.g. á = “do a” when obj of VN
• *+Op ** = Number Operators, e.g. +,-,,/ etc.
• **+Ord ** = Ordinal (first, second, third..) i.e. mo dhá lámh, an chéad dhá theach
• **+Part ** = Particle (not +Vb) (U)
• **+Past ** = Past tense verbal particle
• **+PastImp ** = Past Habitual - Gháthchaite (Imperfect Indicative)
• **+PastInd ** = Past Indicative tense
• **+PastSubj ** = Past Subjunctive tense
• **+Pat ** = Patronymic particle (p) (e.g. Ó, Ní, Uí, le, de ..)
• **+Pers ** = Personal pronoun
• **+PersName ** = Personal name - proper noun
• **+Pl ** = Plural number
• **+Place ** = Place name - proper noun
• **+Poss ** = Possessive pronoun (can be attached to a prep, e.g. im’, dá, faoina)
• **+Pref ** = Prefix; seperated prefixes in historical texts
• **+Prep ** = Preposition
• **+Pres ** = Copula present & future tense
• **+PresImp ** = Pres Habitual - Gháthláithreach(Verb bí only - and deireann (abair)
• **+PresInd ** = Present Indicative
• **+PresSubj ** = Present Subjunctive
• **+Pro ** = Pronoun with copula or relative particle
• **+Pron ** = Pronoun
• **+Prop ** = Proper noun
• **+Punct ** = Abbreviation
• **+PUNCT ** = Abbreviation (it seems several languages have two tags :-/
• **+Q ** = Interrogative particle(q)
• **+Qty ** = Quantifier
• **+Quo ** = all quotation marks double, single etc.
• **+Ref ** = Reflexive particle
• **+Rel ** = Relative particle
• **+RelInd ** = rel. indirect
• **+RIGHT ** = Right side of parwise symbol (parenthesis or quotation mark)
• **+Rom ** =
• **+Sbj ** = Subject pronouns: sí, sé and siad are used only when pron follows predicate verb in subject position, otherwise í, é and iad are used.
• **+Sem/Amount ** =
• **+Sem/Build ** =
• **+Sem/Build-room ** =
• **+Sem/Cat ** =
• **+Sem/Curr ** =
• **+Sem/Date ** =
• **+Sem/Domain ** =
• **+Sem/Domain_Hum ** =
• **+Sem/Dummytag ** =
• **+Sem/Edu_Hum ** =
• **+Sem/Event ** =
• **+Sem/Food-med ** =
• **+Sem/Group_Hum ** =
• **+Sem/Hum ** =
• **+Sem/ID ** =
• **+Sem/Lang ** =
• **+Sem/Mal ** =
• **+Sem/Mat ** =
• **+Sem/Measr ** =
• **+Sem/Money ** =
• **+Sem/Obj ** =
• **+Sem/Obj-el ** =
• **+Sem/Obj-ling ** =
• **+Sem/Org ** =
• **+Sem/Org_Prod-audio ** =
• **+Sem/Org_Prod-vis ** =
• **+Sem/Part ** =
• **+Sem/Plc ** =
• **+Sem/Prod-vis ** =
• **+Sem/Route ** =
• **+Sem/Rule ** =
• **+Sem/Sign ** =
• **+Sem/State ** =
• **+Sem/State-sick ** =
• **+Sem/Substnc ** =
• **+Sem/Sur ** =
• **+Sem/Time ** =
• **+Sem/Time-clock ** =
• **+Sem/Title ** =
• **+Sem/Tool-it ** =
• **+Sem/Txt ** =
• **+Sem/Veh ** =
• **+Sem/Year ** =
• **+Sg ** = Singular
• **+Short ** = Short determiner, e.g. m’, d’
• **+Simp ** = Simple preposition
• **+Slender ** = Adj qualifies a plural noun ending in a slender consonant
• **+Span ** =
• **+St ** = start bracket, quote etc
• **+Strong ** = same plural form for all cases
• **+Subj ** = Subjunctive mood/particle
• **+Subord ** = Subordinating conjunction
• **+Subst ** = substantive noun, functions like a noun, but lacks full inflectional pardigm
• **+Suf ** = -s vern suffix e.g. a bhíonns
• **+Sup ** = Superlative particle (s), e.g. is
• +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
• **+Temp ** = Temporal e.g. inniu, amárach etc.
• **+Typo ** = Typos, e.g. ta/ata instead of tá/atá
• **+Use/-GC ** =
• **+Use/-PLX ** =
• **+Use/-PMatch ** =
• **+Use/-Spell ** =
• **+Use/-TTS ** =
• **+Use/Circ ** =
• **+Use/GC ** =
• **+Use/NG ** =
• **+Use/PMatch ** =
• **+Use/SpellNoSugg ** =
• **+Use/TTS ** =
• **+V ** = n/a (Verb is used)
• **+VD ** = ditransitive verb
• **+VF ** = - form used before a word starting with a vowel or f+vowel
• **+VI ** = intransitive verb
• **+VT ** = transitive verb
• **+VTI ** = transitive & intransitive verb
• **+Var ** = variant spelling e.g. rabh instead of raibh or dheachaidh
• **+Vb ** = Verbal particle (Q)
• **+Verb ** = Verb
• **+Verbal ** = Verbal noun
• **+Voc ** = Vocative case
• **+Vc ** = Vocative particle
• **+Vow ** = Vowel-initial : used to allow past-tense Len e.g. d´ith
• **+Weak ** = Weak plural (noun)
• **+XMLTag ** = XML tags in the text, e.g. <p>,

• **+Xxx ** = Indecipherable speech (in transcribed speech)

• **+v1 ** = n/a
• **+v2 ** = n/a
• **^Adj ** = Adjective- used in initial mutations
• **^Ath ** = Athrú (Change) - in certain plurals the ending changes : “e” -> “í”, “each” -> “í” and “ach” changes to “aí” etc.eg gealach -> gealaí (of the moon)
• **^C ** = nominative, genitive & vocative : initial mutations of plural nouns
• **^CB ** = compound boundary
• **^Caol ** = Caolú (slenderise)- Attenuation : ie slenderise the end of word ! Usually by adding an “i” after the last broad vowel
• **^Coim ** = Coimriú - Syncopation - the last unstressed vowel is dropped ! eg saghas (type) ->saghs +anna, solas->soils+e (light) - with attenation also
• **^Def ** = dntls rule after definite article
• **^Do ** = d’ before Past Imperfect (gnáthchaite) and conditional
• **^Emph ** = emphatic forms
• **^F ** = feminine: initial mutations of singular nouns depend on whether the noun is masculine or feminine
• **^Fr ** = Fréamh (root) use root - i.e.don’t syncopate in these cases
• **^G ** = genitive case
• **^GUESSNOUN ** = n/a - superseded by guesser FSTs
• **^IM ** = initial mutation marker e.g. mo chat, ar an mballa
• **^LC ** = Leathan/Caol: (broad/slender) Leathnaítear an tús mura dtosnaíonn an foirceann le “t”
• **^Lea ** = Leathnú - Broadening eg an “i” is removed ! súil (eye); radharc na súl (eyesight)
• **^LeaS ** = Leathnaítear an tús mura dtosnaíonn an foirceann le “t”
• **^M ** = masculine: initial mutations of singular nouns depend on whether the noun is masculine or feminine
• **^Sé ** = Lenition (Séimhiú - softening)- h added after certain initial consonants (bcdfgmpst)
• **^Urú ** = Eclipsis (Urú)- a letter placed before word initial letter (bcdfgpt), e.g. “g” before “c” - “an cat” in gen. pl. becomes “bia na gcat”, (the cats’ food)
• **^V ** = Verb root
• **^VH ** = Maintains vowel harmony of broad and slender vowels Motto : “leathan le leathan agus caol le caol” (slender with slender and broad with broad)
• **^VN ** = verbal noun
• **^aigh ** = remove -aigh ending
• **^hv ** = “h” before a vowel (eg éan : Nom. Pl. Masc. na héin - the birds)
• **^igh ** = remove -igh ending
• **^ts ** = “t” before “s” eg sagart : Gen Sg.Masc. teach an tsagairt - the priest’s house
• **^tv ** = “t-“ before a vowel (eg éan : Nom. Sg. Masc. an t-éan - the bird)

Flag diacritics

• **@P.Pmatch.Loc ** = XXX

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again: | @P.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @D.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @C.NeedNoun@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm. | @P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ | Require that words tagged as such only appear first | @D.CmpPref.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering ENDLEX | @P.CmpPref.FALSE@ | Block these words from making further compounds | @D.CmpLast.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering R | @D.CmpNone.TRUE@ | Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding | @U.CmpNone.FALSE@ | Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding | @P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ | Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R | @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ | Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags. | @U.Cap.Obl@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. | @U.Cap.Opt@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

The Root lexicon etc.

• **LEXICON Root ** =
• ** Abbrev; ** =
• ** Prepositions; ** = Adpositions = Prepositions in
• ** Adverb; ** =
• ** Articles; ** =
• ** Conjunctions; ** =
• ** Determiners; ** =
• ** Interjections; ** =
• ** Fillers; ** =
• ** Communicators; ** =
• ** Events; ** =
• ** Anonymous; ** =
• ** Numerals; ** =
• ** Particles; ** =

• ** Personal_Pronouns; ** =

• ** Englishlex; ** = English lexicon including all parts of speech
• ** Communicators-English; ** = English multi word communicators, e.g. d’ya know
• ** Bardiclex; ** = classical Irish lexicon from TCD Bardic corpus -
• ** Latinlex; ** = Latin lexicom from RIA historical corpus

• ** !Tobar; ** = omitting this (non-standard older forms)

• ** Punctuation; ** =
• ** Punctuation_ga; ** =
• ** Symbols; ** =

• ** XMLTags; ** = XML tags e.g. <p>,

• ** AdjA; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** AdjIrregular; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** Adj-BaseOnly; !AdjBASE; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** Adj-IrregComp; !AI-COMP; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** AdjB; ** = punk adjs
• ** AdjC; ** = FP adjs - auto
• ** AdjDath; ** = colours
• ** AdjE; ** = FP adjs - manual
• ** Adj-FGB1; ** = Foclóir Gaeilge Béarla Uí Dhónaill
• ** Adj-FGB2; ** = Foclóir Gaeilge Béarla Uí Dhónaill
• ** AdjVariants; ** = Adj Variants in FGB
• ** AdjEqualVariants; ** = Adj Variants with Equal Sign in FGB
• ** AdjF; ** = Nationalities

• ** AdjG; ** = additions from gaois.ie bitex

• ** Nouns; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** Dative; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** Other; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** NounsB; ** = nouns
• ** NounsC; ** = FP nouns (automatic)
• ** NounsD; ** = FP nouns (manual Decl 1-3)
• ** NounsE; ** = FP nouns (manual Decs 4-5)
• ** NounsF; ** = FP nouns (manual Irregular)
• ** NounsH; ** = Various from corpora
• ** NounsIrregular; ** =
• ** Substantive; ** =
• ** NounsFGB1; ** = FGB (O Donaill) automatic (in NCI corpus)
• ** NounsFGB2; ** = FGB (O Donaill) automatic (additional)
• ** NounsVariants; ** = Variants extracted from FGB

• ** NounsEqualVariants; ** = Variants extracted from FGB (2011 EUD)

• ** NounsG; ** = Proper Nouns - MOVED from Nouns TO Proper Nouns Lexicons
• ** NP-LEX-FAM; ** = Family Names (Irish)
• ** NP-LEX-FAM-EN; ** = Family Names (English)
• ** NP-LEX-PERS; ** = Personal Names (Irish)
• ** NP-LEX-PERS-EN; ** = Family Names (English)
• ** NP-LEX-EIRE; ** = Ireland - Counties, Cities and Towns (Irish)
• ** NP-LEX-EIRE-EN; ** = Ireland - Counties, Cities and Towns (English)
• ** NP-LEX-TIR; ** = Countries (Irish)
• ** NP-LEX-TIR-EN; ** = Countries (English)
• ** NP-Irregular; ** = Various Irregular Proper Nouns
• ** NP-LEX-ORG; ** = Organisations
• ** NP-LEX-LOGAINM; ** = Placenames - sample from logainm.ie

• ** NP-LEX-RIACORPAS1; ** = Various Proper nouns from RIA Historical Corpus of Irish

• ** VerbalNounsV; ** = Verbal nouns derived from verb roots
• ** VerbalNounsN; ** = Verbal nouns derived from nouns
• ** VerbalAdjs; ** = Verbal adjectives derived from verb roots
• ** VerbalNounsGenV; ** = Verbal nouns (genitive ase) derived from verb roots
• ** VerbalNounsGenN; ** = Verbal nouns (genitive ase) derived from nouns
• ** VN-Variants; ** = FGB VN variants (VN, VNG & VA included)

• ** VNEqualVariants; ** = FGB VN = variants (VN, VNG & VA included)

• ** Verbs; ** = Irregular verbs (11)
• ** VerbsC1A; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** VerbsC2A; ** = ORIGINAL TEST LEXICON
• ** VerbsB; ** = verbs
• ** VerbsC; ** = FP verbs
• ** VerbsD; ** = FP verbs
• ** Verbs-FGB1; ** = FGB verbs
• ** Verbs-FGB2; ** = FGB verbs
• ** Verb-Variants; ** = FGB verb variants
• ** VerbsEqualVariants; ** = FGB verb = variants

---

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc