Low German language model documentation

All doc-comment documentation in one large file.

src-cg3-functions.cg3.md

Sets for POS sub-categories
Sets for Semantic tags
Sets for Morphosyntactic properties
Sets for verbs
V is all readings with a V tag in them, REAL-V should be the ones without an N tag following the V.
The REAL-V set thus awaits a fix to the preprocess V … N bug.
The set COPULAS is for predicative constructions
NP sets defined according to their morphosyntactic features
The PRE-NP-HEAD family of sets

These sets model noun phrases (NPs). The idea is to first define whatever can occur in front of the head of the NP, and thereafter negate that with the expression WORD - premodifiers.

The set NOT-NPMOD is used to find barriers between NPs. Typical usage: … (*1 N BARRIER NPT-NPMOD) … meaning: Scan to the first noun, ignoring anything that can be part of the noun phrase of that noun (i.e., “scan to the next NP head”)

Miscellaneous sets
Border sets and their complements
Syntactic sets

These were the set types.

HABITIVE MAPPING

hab1
hab2
hab3 ( @ADVL>) for hab-actor and hab-case; if leat to the right, and Nom to the right of leat. Lots of restrictions.
habNomLeft
hab4
hab6
hab7
hab8 This is not HAB
hab5 This is not HAB
habDain ( @ADVL>) for (Pron Dem Pl Loc) if leat followed by Nom to the right
habGen ( @<ADVL) hab for Gen; if Gen is located in the end of the sentence and Nom is sentence initial
spred<obj (@SPRED<OBJ) for Acc; the object of an SPRPED. Not to be mistaken with OPRED. If SPRED is to the left, and copulas is to the left of it. Nom or Hab are found sentence initially.
Hab<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas, goallut or jápmit is FMAINV and habitive or human Loc is found to the left. OR: if Ill or @Pron< followed by HAB are found to the left.
Hab>Advlcase<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; it allows adverbials with Ill/Loc/Com/Ess to be found inbetween HAB and .
Nom>Advlcase<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; it allows adverbials with Ill/Loc/Com/Ess to be found inbetween Nom and @<SUBJ.
<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; if copulas to the left, and some kind of adverb, N Loc, time related word or Po to the left of it. OR: if Ill or @Pron< to the left, followed by copulas and the before mentioned to the left of copulas.
<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom, but not for Pers. To the left boahtit or heaŋgát as MAINV, and futher to the left is some kind of place related word, or time related word
<spredQst1 ( @<SUBJ) for Nom in a typically question sentence; if A) Hab, some kind of place word, Po or Nom to the left, and Qst followed by copulas to the left. B) same as a, only the Qst-pcle is attached to copulas. C) Qst to the left, with copulas to its left, but not if two Nom:s are found somewhere to the right. D) copulas to the left, and BOS to the left. E) Loc or Ill to the left, and Loc or Hab to the left of this, Qst and copulas to the left. F) Num @>N to the left, Hab, some kind of place word, Po or Nom to the left, and Qst followed by copulas to the left. NOTE) for all these rules; human, Loc or Sem/Plc not allowed to the right.
<spredQst2 (@<SPRED) for Nom; in a typically question sentence; differs from <spredQst1 by not beeing as restricted to the right. Though you are not allowed to be Pers or human.
Nom<spredQst (@<SPRED) for Nom; in a typically question sentence. Differs from <spredQst2 by letting Nom be found between SPRED and copulas
<spred (@<SPRED) for A Nom or N Nom if; the subject Nom is on the same side of copulas as you: on the right side of copulas
<spredVeara (@<SPRED) for veara + Nom; if genitive immediately to the right, and intransitive mainverb to the right of genitive
leftCop<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas is the main verb to the left, and there is no Ess found to the left of cop (note that Loc is allowed between target and cop). OR: if you are Coll or Sem/Group with copulas to your left.
<spredLocEXPERIMENT (@<SPRED) for material Loc; if you are to the right of copulas, and the Nom to the left of copulas is not a hab-actor
NumTime (@<SPRED) for A Nom
<spredSg (@<SPRED) for Sg Nom
<spredPg (@<SPRED) for Pl Nom
<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas to the left, and Nom or sentence boundary to the left of copulas. First one to the right is EOS.
<spred (@<SPRED) for N Ess
spredEss> (@SPRED>) for N Ess; if copulas to the right of you, and if an NP with nom-case first one to your left.
HABSpredSg> (@SPRED>) for Nom; if habitive first one to the left, followed by copulas.
GalleSpred> (@SPRED>) for Num Nom; if sentence initial
spredSgMII> (@SPRED>)
r492> (@SPRED>) for Interr Gen; consisting only of negations. You are not allowed to be MII. You are not allowed to have an adjective or noun to yor right. You are not allowed to have a verb to your right; the exception beeing an aux.
AdjSpredSg> (@SPRED>) for A Sg Nom; if copulas to the right, but not if A or @<SPRED are found to the right of copulas
SpredSg>Hab (@SPRED>) for Nom; if you are sentence initial, copulas is located to the right, and there is a habitive to the right of copulas
Spred>SubjInf (@SPRED>) for Nom; if copulas to the right, and the subject of copulas is an Inf to the right
spredCoord (@<SPRED) coordination for Nom; only if there already is a SPRED to the left of CNP. Not if there is some kind of comparison involved.
subj>Sgnr1 (@SUBJ>) for Nom Sg, including Indef Nom if; VFIN + Sg3 or Pl3 to the right (VFIN not allowed to the left)
subj>Du (@SUBJ>) for dual nominatives, including Coll Nom. VFIN + Du3 to the right.
subj>Pl (@SUBJ>) for plural nominatives, including Coll and Sem/Group. VFIN + Pl3 to the right.
subj>Pl (@SUBJ>) for plural nominatives
subj>Sgnr2 (@SUBJ>) for Nom Sg; if VFIN + Sg3 to the right.
<subjSg (@<SUBJ) for Nom Sg; if VFIN Sg3 or Du2 to the left (no HAB allowed to the left).
f<advl (@-F<ADVL) for infinite adverbials
f<advl (@-F<ADVL) for infinite adverbials
s-boundary=advl> (@ADVL>) for ADVL that resemble s-booundaries. Mainverb to the right.
-fobj> (@-FOBJ>) for Acc
-fobj> (@-FOBJ>) for Acc
advl>mainV (@ADVL>) if; finite mainverb not found to the left, but the finite mainverb is found to the right.
<advl (@<ADVL) if; finite mainverb found to the left. Not if a comma is found immediately to the left and a finite mainverb is located somewhere to the right of this comma.
<advlPoPr (@<ADVL) if mainverb to the left.
advlPoPr> (@<ADVL) if mainverb to the right.
advlEss> (@<ADVL) for weather and time Ess, if FMAINV to the left.
advl>inbetween (@ADVL>) for Adv; if inbetween two sentenceboundaries where no mainverb is present.
comma<advlEOS (@<ADVL) if; comma found to the left and the finite mainverb to the left of comma. To the right is the end of the sentence.
advlBOS> (@ADVL>) if; you are N Ill and found sentnece initially. First one to your right is a clause.
<advlPoEOS (@<ADVL) for Po; if you are found at the very end of a sentence. A mainverb is needed to the right though.
cleanupILL<advl (@<ADVL) for N Ill if; there are no boundarysymbols to your left, if you arent already @N< OR @APP-N<, and no mainverb is to yor left.
<opredAAcc (@<OPRED) for A Acc; if an other accusative to the left, and a transtive verb to the left of it. OR: if a transitive verb to the left, and an accusative to the left of it.

sma object

<advlEss (@<ADVL) for ESS-ADVL if; FMAINV to the left
<spredEss (@<SPRED) for N Ess if; FMAINV to the left is intransitive or bargat

SUBJ MAPPING - leftovers

OBJ MAPPING - leftovers

HNOUN MAPPING

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/functions.cg3

src-fst-morphology-affixes-adjectives.lexc.md

Adjective inflection The Low German language adjectives compare.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adjectives.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-nouns.lexc.md

Noun inflection The Low German language nouns inflect in cases.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/nouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-propernouns.lexc.md

Proper noun inflection The Low German language proper nouns inflect in the same cases as regular nouns, but with a colon (‘:’) as separator.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/propernouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-symbols.lexc.md

Symbol affixes

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/symbols.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-verbs.lexc.md

Verb inflection The LOW SAXON language verbs inflect in persons. So far only for northwestern dialects.

tellen:tell Orthographic variation in consonant length

maken:maak Orthographic variation in marking of long vowels, perfect participle ‘-ed’

völen:vööl Orthographic variation in marking of long vowels, perfect participle ‘-d’

koaken:koak No orthographic variation in marking of long vowels or consonants, perfect participle ‘-ed’

waien:wai No orthographic variation in marking of long vowels or consonants, perfect participle ‘-d’

sakken:sakk Orthographic variation in consonant length, perfect participle ‘-ed’

ryden:r%{ei0%}%{ya0%}d Strong verb class 1, 4c

beden:b%{eouü%}%{0eua%}d Strong verb class 2

drinken:dr%{iua%}nk Strong verb class 3

winnen:w%{iua%}nn Strong verb class 3, stem ending with two identical consonants

niamen:n%{iaeo%}%{ae0%}m Strong verb class 4a,b

steaken:st%{eia%}%{ae0%}k Strong verb class 5

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs.lexc

src-fst-morphology-phonology.twolc.md

================================================== ! The Low German morphophonological/twolc rules file ================================================== !

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

strong verb class 1 1st part strong verb class 1 2nd part strong verb class 2a 1st part strong verb class 2a 2nd part strong verb class 2b 1st part strong verb class 2b 2nd part strong verb class 3a strong verb class 3bc strong verb class 4a 1st part strong verb class 4ab 2nd part strong verb class 4b 1st part strong verb class 4c 1st part strong verb class 4c 2nd part strong verb class 5a 1st part strong verb class 5ab 2nd part strong verb class 5b 1st part

TRIGGERS

%^CC2C:0 for Deleting second consonant in orthographic geminate
%^VV2V:0 for Orthographic vowel deletion in open syllable
%^IUML:0 for i-umlaut
%^UUML:0 for u-umlaut
%^ABL1NL:0 for non-lengthened ablaut grade 1 in class 4 and 5 in some southern dialects, ABL1 = ablaut grade 1, NL = non-lengthened
%^ABL1S:0 for shortened ablaut grade 1 in 2nd and 3rd sg. of present tense, S = shortened
%^ABL2:0 for ablaut grade 2 in preterite, ABL2 = ablaut grade 2
%^ABL2W:0 for specific preterite forms in Westphalian dialects, W = Westphalian
%^ABL2U:0 for irregular umlaut of ablaut grade 2 in class 4a,b and 5, U = (irregular) umlaut
%^ABL3:0 for long ablaut grade 3 in perfect participle
%^ABL3NL:0 for short ablaut grade 3 in some southern dialects, NL = non-lengthened

Deleting s before suffix -st

leas%>st
lea0%>st
★leas%>st (is not standard language)
★leas%>st (is not standard language)

Deleting t before suffix -t

acht%>t
ach0%>t
★acht%>t (is not standard language)
★acht%>t (is not standard language)

Orthographic vowel deletion in open syllable

maken+V+Ind+Prs+Sg1

maak%^VV2V%>e
ma0k0%>e
★maak%^VV2V%>e (is not standard language)
★maak0%>e (is not standard language)

Orthographic consonant deletion in closed syllable

tellen+V+PrfPrc

tell%^CC2C>d
tel00%>d
★tell%^CC2C>d (is not standard language)
★tell0%>d (is not standard language)

I-umlaut for short vowels in closed syllable or long vowels in open syllable

holt+N+Pl+Nom: muorra/puu/wood

holt%^IUML%>er
hölt0%>er
★holt%^IUML%>er (is not standard language)
★holt0%>er (is not standard language)

broder+N+Pl+Nom: viellja/veli/brother

broder%^IUML%>s
bröder0%>s
★broder%^IUML%>s (is not standard language)
★broder0%>s (is not standard language)

woord+N+Pl+Nom: sátni/sana/word

woord%^IUML%>e
wöörd0%>e
★woord%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★woord0%>e (is not standard language)

vuust+N+Pl+Nom: čorbma/nyrkki/fist

vuust%^IUML%>e
vüüst0%>e
★vuust%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★vuust0%>e (is not standard language)

**I-umlaut for å **

Double marking of i-umlaut for å

råd+N+Pl+Nom: ráđđi/neuvo/council

r%{åöä%}%{0äö%}d%^IUML%>e
röäd0%>e
★r%{åöä%}%{0äö%}d%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★rö%{0äö%}d0%>e (is not standard language)
★r%{åöä%}%{0äö%}d%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★r%{åöä%}%{0äö%}d0%>e (is not standard language)

daal+N+Pl+Nom: leahki/laakso/valley

daal%^VV2V%^IUML%>er
dä0l00%>er
★daal%^VV2V%^IUML%>er (is not standard language)
★da0l00%>er (is not standard language)

book+N+Pl+Nom: girji/kirja/book

book%^VV2V%^IUML%>er
bö0k00%>er
★book%^VV2V%^IUML%>er (is not standard language)
★bo0k00%>er (is not standard language)

huus+N+Pl+Nom: viessu/talo/house

huus%^VV2V%^IUML%>e
hü0s00%>e
★huus%^VV2V%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★hu0s00%>e (is not standard language)

Double marking of umlaut for graphemes consisting of two different letters, ending in a:ä

sak+N+Pl+Nom: seahkka/pussi/bag

sakk%^IUML%>e
säkk0%>e
★sakk%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★sakk0%>e (is not standard language)

slag+N+Pl+NOM: časkin/lyönti/hit

slag%^IUML%>e
släg0%>e
★slag%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★slag0%>e (is not standard language)

maagd+N+Pl+Nom: biigá/piika/maid

maagd%^IUML%>e
määgd0%>e
★maagd%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★maagd0%>e (is not standard language)
★maagd%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★mäagd0%>e (is not standard language)

broak+N+Pl+Nom: doadjin/katkaisu/break

broak%^IUML%>e
bröäk0%>e
★broak%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★broak0%>e (is not standard language)
★broak%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★bröak0%>e (is not standard language)

Double marking of umlaut for graphemes consisting of two different letters, ending in u:y

Double marking of umlaut for graphemes consisting of two different letters, ending in u:ü busk+N+Pl+Nom: miestta/pensas/bush

busk%^IUML%>e
büsk0%>e
★busk%^IUML%>e (is not standard language)
★busk0%>e (is not standard language)

Short ablaut grade 1 in class 1 %{eiØ%}:i

Second part of short ablaut grade 1 in class 1

ryden+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: riidet/ratsastaa/ride

r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL1S%>t
r0id0%>t
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL1S%>t (is not standard language)
★ri{yaØ%}d0%>t (is not standard language)
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL1S%>t (is not standard language)
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d0%>t (is not standard language)

Short ablaut grade 1 in class 2a %{eouü%}:ü

Second part of short ablaut grade 1 in class 2a

beden+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: bivdit/pyytää/ask

b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d%^ABL1S%>t
bü0d0%>t

Short ablaut grade 1 in class 2b %{uüo%}:ü

Second part of short ablaut grade 1 in class 2b

krupen+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: čákŋat/ryömiä/creep

kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p%^ABL1S%>t
krü0p0%>t

Short ablaut grade 1 in class 4a %{iaeo%}:i

Second part of short ablaut grade 1 in class 4a+b and 5a+b

niamen+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: váldit/ottaa/take

n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m%^ABL1S%>t
ni0mØ%>t

**Short ablaut grade 1 in class 4b %{eiao%}:i **

dreapen+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: deaivvadit/tavata/meet

dr%{eiao%}%{aeØ%}p%^ABL1S%>t
dri0pØ%>t

Short ablaut grade 1 in class 4c %{eio%}:i

Second part of short ablaut grade 1 in class 4c

spreaken+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: hupmat/puhua/speak

spr%{eio%}%{aØo%}k%^ABL1S%>t
spri0k0%>t

Short ablaut grade 1 in class 5a %{iae%}:i

giaven+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: addit/antaa/give

g%{iae%}%{aeØ%}v%^ABL1S%>t
gi0v0%>t

Short ablaut grade 1 in class 5b

steaken+V+Ind+Prs+Sg3: čugget/pistää/stab

st%{eia%}%{aeØ%}k%^ABL1S%>t
sti0k0%>t

Ablaut grade 2 and 3 in class 1 %{eiØ%}:e

Second part of ablaut grade 2 in class 1

ryden+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: riidet/ratsastaa/ride

r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL2
reyd0
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d0 (is not standard language)
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★re%{yaØ%}d0 (is not standard language)

**Ablaut grade 2 and 3 in class 2a **

**Second part of ablaut grade 2 in class 2a **

beden+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: bivdit/pyytää/ask

b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d%^ABL2
boud0
★b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d0 (is not standard language)
★b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★bo%{Øeua%}d0 (is not standard language)

Ablaut grade 2 and 3 in class 2b

Second part of ablaut grade 2 in class 2b

krupen+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: čákŋat/ryömiä/creep

kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p%^ABL2
kroup0
★kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p0 (is not standard language)
★kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★kro%{uaØ%}p0 (is not standard language)

Ablaut grade 2 and 3 in class 3a

drinken+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: juhkat/juoda/drink

dr%{iua%}nk%^ABL2
drunk0
★dr%{iua%}nk%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★dr%{iua%}nk0 (is not standard language)

drinken+V+PrfPrt: juhkat/juoda/drink

dr%{iua%}nk%^ABL3%>en
drunk0%>en
★dr%{iua%}nk%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★dr%{iua%}nk0%>en (is not standard language)

Ablaut grade 2 and 3 in class 3b and 3c

helpen+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: veahkehit/auttaa/help

h%{eoa%}lp%^ABL2
holp0
★h%{eoa%}lp%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★h%{eoa%}lp0 (is not standard language)

helpen+V+PrfPrt: veahkehit/auttaa/help

h%{eoa%}lp%^ABL3%>en
holp0%>en
★h%{eoa%}lp%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★h%{eoa%}lp0%>en (is not standard language)

Ablaut grade 2 in class 4a (with generalised old conjunctive for northern and northeastern dialects) Second part of ablaut grade 2 in class 4a+b+c and 5a+b (with generalised old conjunctive for northern and northeastern dialects)

niamen+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: váldit/ottaa/take

n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m%^ABL2U
naem0
★n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m%^ABL2U (is not standard language)
★n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m0 (is not standard language)
★n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m%^ABL2U (is not standard language)
★na%{aeØ%}m0 (is not standard language)

Ablaut grade 2 in class 4b (with generalised old conjunctive for northern and northeastern dialects)

dreapen+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: deaivvadit/tavata/meet

dr%{eiao%}%{aeØ%}p%^ABL2U
draep0

Ablaut grade 2 and 3 in class 4c Second part of ablaut grade 2 in class 4c

spreaken+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: hupmat/puhua/speak

spr%{eio%}%{aØo%}k%^ABL2
sprook0

Ablaut grade 2 in class 5a (with generalised old conjunctive for northern and northeastern dialects)

giaven+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: addit/antaa/give

g%{iae%}%{aeØ%}v%^ABL2U
gaev0%>t

Ablaut grade 2 in class 5b (with generalised old conjunctive for northern and northeastern dialects)

steaken+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: čugget/pistää/stab

st%{eia%}%{aeØ%}k%^ABL2U
staek0

Second part of ablaut grade 3 in class 1

ryden+V+PrfPrc: riidet/ratsastaa/ride

r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL3%>en
read0%>en
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d0%>en (is not standard language)
★r%{eiØ%}%{yaØ%}d%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★re%{yaØ%}d0%>en (is not standard language)

**Second part of ablaut grade 3 in class 2a **

beden+V+Ind+Prt+Sg3: bivdit/pyytää/ask

b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d%^ABL3%>en
boad0%>en
★b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d0%>en (is not standard language)
★b%{eouü%}%{Øeua%}d%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★bo%{Øeua%}d0%>en (is not standard language)

Second part of ablaut grade 3 in class 2b

krupen+V+PrfPrc: čákŋat/ryömiä/creep

kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p%^ABL3%>en
kroap0%>en
★kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p0%>en (is not standard language)
★kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★kro%{uaØ%}p0%>en (is not standard language)
★kr%{uüo%}%{uaØ%}p%^ABL2 (is not standard language)
★kro%{uaØ%}p0 (is not standard language)

Ablaut grade 3 in class 4a+b

Second part of ablaut grade 3 in class 4a

niamen+V+PrfPrt: váldit/ottaa/take

n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m%^ABL3%>en
noam0%>en
★n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m0%>en (is not standard language)
★n%{iaeo%}%{aeØ%}m%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★na%{aeØ%}m0%>en (is not standard language)

Ablaut grade 3 in class 4b

dreapen+V+PrfPrt: deaivvadit/tavata/meet

dr%{eiao%}%{aeØ%}p%^ABL3%>en
droap0%>en
★dr%{eiao%}%{aeØ%}p%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★dr%{eiao%}%{aeØ%}p0%>en (is not standard language)
★dr%{eiao%}%{aeØ%}p%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★dro%{aeØ%}p0%>en (is not standard language)

Second part of ablaut grade 3 in class 4c

spreaken+V+PrfPrt: hupmat/puhua/speak

spr%{eio%}%{aØo%}k%^ABL3%>en
sproak0%>en
★spr%{eio%}%{aØo%}k%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★spr%{eio%}%{aØo%}k0%>en (is not standard language)
★spr%{eio%}%{aØo%}k%^ABL3%>en (is not standard language)
★spro%{aØo%}k0%>en (is not standard language)

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc

src-fst-morphology-root.lexc.md

INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF Low German LANGUAGE.

Definitions for Multichar_Symbols

%{åöä%}
%{Øäö%}
%{aö%}
%{Øä%}

TRIGGERS

%^CC2C for Deleting second consonant in orthographic geminate
%^VV2V for Orthographic vowel deletion in open syllable
%^IUML for i-umlaut
%^UUML for u-umlaut
%^ABL1NL for non-lengthened ablaut grade 1 in class 4 and 5 in some southern dialects, ABL1 = ablaut grade 1, NL = non-lengthened
%^ABL1S for shortened ablaut grade 1 in 2nd and 3rd sg. of present tense, S = shortened
%^ABL2 for ablaut grade 2 in preterite, ABL2 = ablaut grade 2
%^ABL2W for specific preterite forms in Westphalian dialects, W = Westphalian
%^ABL2U for irregular umlaut of ablaut grade 2 in class 4a,b and 5, U = (irregular) umlaut
%^ABL3 for long ablaut grade 3 in perfect participle
%^ABL3NL for short ablaut grade 3 in some southern dialects, NL = non-lengthened

Analysis symbols

The morphological analyses of wordforms for the Low German language are presented in this system in terms of the following symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).

The parts-of-speech are:

The parts of speech are further split up into:

The Usage extents are marked using following tags:

The nominals are inflected in the following Case and Number

The possession is marked as such: The comparative forms are: Numerals are classified under: Verb moods are: Verb personal forms are: Other verb forms are

+Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, © Special symbols are classified with: The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity: Special multiword units are analysed with: Non-dictionary words can be recognised with:

Question and Focus particles:

Semantics are classified with

Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech.

Morphophonology To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files:

And following triggers to control variation

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again: | @P.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @D.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @C.NeedNoun@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm. | @P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ | Require that words tagged as such only appear first | @D.CmpPref.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering ENDLEX | @P.CmpPref.FALSE@ | Block these words from making further compounds | @D.CmpLast.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering R | @D.CmpNone.TRUE@ | Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding | @U.CmpNone.FALSE@ | Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding | @P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ | Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R | @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ | Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags. | @U.Cap.Obl@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. | @U.Cap.Opt@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

The word forms in Low German language start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes, or optionally from prefixes:

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-adjectives.lexc.md

Adjectives No adjectives so far

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adjectives.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-nouns.lexc.md

Nouns No nouns so far

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/nouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-numerals.lexc.md

Numerals No numerals so far

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/numerals.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-prefixes.lexc.md

Prefixes No prefixes so far

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/prefixes.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-pronouns.lexc.md

Pronouns No pronouns so far.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/pronouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-verbs.lexc.md

Verbs So far only a couple of verbs

Strong verbs

Class I

Class II

Class III

Class IV

Class V

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/verbs.lexc

src-fst-phonetics-txt2ipa.xfscript.md

retroflex plosive, voiceless t ʈ 0288, 648 ( = ASCII 096) retroflex plosive, voiced dɖ 0256, 598 labiodental nasal F ɱ 0271, 625 retroflex nasal n ɳ 0273, 627 palatal nasal J ɲ 0272, 626 velar nasal N ŋ 014B, 331 uvular nasal N\ ɴ 0274, 628

bilabial trill B\ ʙ 0299, 665 uvular trill R\ ʀ 0280, 640 alveolar tap 4 ɾ 027E, 638 retroflex flap rɽ 027D, 637 bilabial fricative, voiceless p\ ɸ 0278, 632 bilabial fricative, voiced B β 03B2, 946 dental fricative, voiceless T θ 03B8, 952 dental fricative, voiced D ð 00F0, 240 postalveolar fricative, voiceless S ʃ 0283, 643 postalveolar fricative, voiced Z ʒ 0292, 658 retroflex fricative, voiceless s ʂ 0282, 642 retroflex fricative, voiced z` ʐ 0290, 656 palatal fricative, voiceless C ç 00E7, 231 palatal fricative, voiced j\ ʝ 029D, 669 velar fricative, voiced G ɣ 0263, 611 uvular fricative, voiceless X χ 03C7, 967 uvular fricative, voiced R ʁ 0281, 641 pharyngeal fricative, voiceless X\ ħ 0127, 295 pharyngeal fricative, voiced ?\ ʕ 0295, 661 glottal fricative, voiced h\ ɦ 0266, 614

alveolar lateral fricative, vl. K alveolar lateral fricative, vd. K\

labiodental approximant P (or v) alveolar approximant r\ retroflex approximant r` velar approximant M\

retroflex lateral approximant l` palatal lateral approximant L velar lateral approximant L
Clicks

bilabial O\ (O = capital letter) dental |
(post)alveolar !\ palatoalveolar =\ alveolar lateral ||
Ejectives, implosives

ejective > e.g. ejective p p> implosive < e.g. implosive b b< Vowels

close back unrounded M close central unrounded 1 close central rounded } lax i I lax y Y lax u U

close-mid front rounded 2 close-mid central unrounded @\ close-mid central rounded 8 close-mid back unrounded 7

schwa ə @

open-mid front unrounded E open-mid front rounded 9 open-mid central unrounded 3 open-mid central rounded 3\ open-mid back unrounded V open-mid back rounded O

ash (ae digraph) { open schwa (turned a) 6

open front rounded & open back unrounded A open back rounded Q Other symbols

voiceless labial-velar fricative W voiced labial-palatal approx. H voiceless epiglottal fricative H\ voiced epiglottal fricative <\ epiglottal plosive >\

alveolo-palatal fricative, vl. s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ Suprasegmentals

primary stress “ secondary stress % long : half-long :\ extra-short _X linking mark -
Tones and word accents

level extra high _T level high _H level mid _M level low _L level extra low _B downstep ! upstep ^ (caret, circumflex)

contour, rising contour, falling _F contour, high rising _H_T contour, low rising _B_L

contour, rising-falling _R_F (NB Instead of being written as diacritics with _, all prosodic marks can alternatively be placed in a separate tier, set off by < >, as recommended for the next two symbols.) global rise global fall Diacritics

voiceless 0 (0 = figure), e.g. n_0 voiced _v aspirated _h more rounded _O (O = letter) less rounded _c advanced _+ retracted _- centralized _” syllabic = (or _=) e.g. n= (or n=) non-syllabic _^ rhoticity `

breathy voiced _t creaky voiced _k linguolabial _N labialized _w palatalized ‘ (or _j) e.g. t’ (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\

dental d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g. A~ (or A~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _}

velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/phonetics/txt2ipa.xfscript

src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc.md

We describe here how abbreviations are in Low German are read out, e.g. for text-to-speech systems.

For example:

s.:syntynyt # ;
os.:omaa% sukua # ;
v.:vuosi # ;
v.:vuonna # ;
esim.:esimerkki # ;
esim.:esimerkiksi # ;

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc

src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-numbers-digit2text.lexc.md

% komma% :, Root ; % tjuohkkis% :%. Root ; % kolon% :%: Root ; % sárggis% :%- Root ; % násti% :%* Root ;

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-numbers-digit2text.lexc

tools-grammarcheckers-grammarchecker.cg3.md

[ L A N G U A G E ] G R A M M A R C H E C K E R

DELIMITERS

TAGS AND SETS

Tags

This section lists all the tags inherited from the fst, and used as tags in the syntactic analysis. The next section, Sets, contains sets defined on the basis of the tags listed here, those set names are not visible in the output.

Beginning and end of sentence

BOS EOS

Parts of speech tags

N A Adv V Pron CS CC CC-CS Po Pr Pcle Num Interj ABBR ACR CLB LEFT RIGHT WEB PPUNCT PUNCT

COMMA ¶

Tags for POS sub-categories

Pers Dem Interr Indef Recipr Refl Rel Coll NomAg Prop Allegro Arab Romertall

Tags for morphosyntactic properties

Nom Acc Gen Ill Loc Com Ess Ess Sg Du Pl Cmp/SplitR Cmp/SgNom Cmp/SgGen Cmp/SgGen PxSg1 PxSg2 PxSg3 PxDu1 PxDu2 PxDu3 PxPl1 PxPl2 PxPl3 Px

Comp Superl Attr Ord Qst IV TV Prt Prs Ind Pot Cond Imprt ImprtII Sg1 Sg2 Sg3 Du1 Du2 Du3 Pl1 Pl2 Pl3 Inf ConNeg Neg PrfPrc VGen PrsPrc Ger Sup Actio VAbess

Err/Orth

Semantic tags

Sem/Act Sem/Ani Sem/Atr Sem/Body Sem/Clth Sem/Domain Sem/Feat-phys Sem/Fem Sem/Group Sem/Lang Sem/Mal Sem/Measr Sem/Money Sem/Obj Sem/Obj-el Sem/Org Sem/Perc-emo Sem/Plc Sem/Sign Sem/State-sick Sem/Sur Sem/Time Sem/Txt

HUMAN

PROP-ATTR PROP-SUR

TIME-N-SET

Syntactic tags

@+FAUXV @+FMAINV @-FAUXV @-FMAINV @-FSUBJ> @-F<OBJ @-FOBJ> @-FSPRED<OBJ @-F<ADVL @-FADVL> @-F<SPRED @-F<OPRED @-FSPRED> @-FOPRED> @>ADVL @ADVL< @<ADVL @ADVL> @ADVL @HAB> @<HAB @>N @Interj @N< @>A @P< @>P @HNOUN @INTERJ @>Num @Pron< @>Pron @Num< @OBJ @<OBJ @OBJ> @OPRED @<OPRED @OPRED> @PCLE @COMP-CS< @SPRED @<SPRED @SPRED> @SUBJ @<SUBJ @SUBJ> SUBJ SPRED OPRED @PPRED @APP @APP-N< @APP-Pron< @APP>Pron @APP-Num< @APP-ADVL< @VOC @CVP @CNP OBJ

-OTHERS SYN-V @X ## Sets containing sets of lists and tags This part of the file lists a large number of sets based partly upon the tags defined above, and partly upon lexemes drawn from the lexicon. See the sourcefile itself to inspect the sets, what follows here is an overview of the set types. ### Sets for Single-word sets INITIAL ### Sets for word or not WORD NOT-COMMA ### Case sets ADLVCASE CASE-AGREEMENT CASE NOT-NOM NOT-GEN NOT-ACC ### Verb sets NOT-V ### Sets for finiteness and mood REAL-NEG MOOD-V NOT-PRFPRC ### Sets for person SG1-V SG2-V SG3-V DU1-V DU2-V DU3-V PL1-V PL2-V PL3-V ### Pronoun sets ### Adjectival sets and their complements ### Adverbial sets and their complements ### Sets of elements with common syntactic behaviour ### NP sets defined according to their morphosyntactic features ### The PRE-NP-HEAD family of sets These sets model noun phrases (NPs). The idea is to first define whatever can occur in front of the head of the NP, and thereafter negate that with the expression **WORD - premodifiers**. ### Border sets and their complements ### Grammarchecker sets * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/grammarcheckers/grammarchecker.cg3](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-nds/blob/main/tools/grammarcheckers/grammarchecker.cg3) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript.md # Tokeniser for nds Usage: ``` $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://github.com/hfst/hfst/wiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1. unknown word-like forms, and 2. unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by `hfst-tokenise -a` Unknowns are made of: * lower-case ASCII * upper-case ASCII * select extended latin symbols ASCII digits * select symbols * Combining diacritics as individual symbols, * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" ## Unknown handling Unknowns are tagged ?? and treated specially with `hfst-tokenise` hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Finally we mark as a token any sequence making up a: * known word in context * unknown (OOV) token in context * sequence of word and punctuation * URL in context * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-nds/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript.md # Grammar checker tokenisation for nds Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: ``` $ make $ echo "ja, ja" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` More usage examples: ``` $ echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst $ echo "márffibiillagáffe" | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://github.com/hfst/hfst/wiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a * select extended latin symbols * select symbols * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Finally we mark as a token any sequence making up a: * known word in context * unknown (OOV) token in context * sequence of word and punctuation * URL in context * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-nds/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-gramcheck-gt-desc.pmscript) --- # tools-tokenisers-tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript.md # TTS tokenisation for smj Requires a recent version of HFST (3.10.0 / git revision>=3aecdbc) Then just: ```sh make echo "ja, ja" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` More usage examples: ```sh echo "Juos gorreválggain lea (dárbbašlaš) deavdit gáibádusa \ boasttu olmmoš, man mielde lahtuid." \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst echo "(gáfe) 'ja' ja 3. ja? ц jaja ukjend \"ukjend\"" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst echo "márffibiillagáffe" \ | hfst-tokenise --giella-cg tokeniser-disamb-gt-desc.pmhfst ``` Pmatch documentation: <https://kitwiki.csc.fi/twiki/bin/view/KitWiki/HfstPmatch> Characters which have analyses in the lexicon, but can appear without spaces before/after, that is, with no context conditions, and adjacent to words: * Punct contains ASCII punctuation marks * The symbol after m-dash is soft-hyphen `U+00AD` * The symbol following {•} is byte-order-mark / zero-width no-break space `U+FEFF`. Whitespace contains ASCII white space and the List contains some unicode white space characters * En Quad U+2000 to Zero-Width Joiner U+200d' * Narrow No-Break Space U+202F * Medium Mathematical Space U+205F * Word joiner U+2060 Apart from what's in our morphology, there are 1) unknown word-like forms, and 2) unmatched strings We want to give 1) a match, but let 2) be treated specially by hfst-tokenise -a * select extended latin symbols * select symbols * various symbols from Private area (probably Microsoft), so far: * U+F0B7 for "x in box" TODO: Could use something like this, but built-in's don't include šžđčŋ: Simply give an empty reading when something is unknown: hfst-tokenise --giella-cg will treat such empty analyses as unknowns, and remove empty analyses from other readings. Empty readings are also legal in CG, they get a default baseform equal to the wordform, but no tag to check, so it's safer to let hfst-tokenise handle them. Needs hfst-tokenise to output things differently depending on the tag they get * * * This (part of) documentation was generated from [tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript](https://github.com/giellalt/lang-nds/blob/main/tools/tokenisers/tokeniser-tts-cggt-desc.pmscript)

Low German NLP Grammar

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