Plains Cree verb morphology

The Plains Cree verbs are divided in four groups:

AI: Animate intransitive
II: Inanimate intransitive
TA: Transitive animate
TI: Transitive inanimate

Prefixes

LEXICON VerbPrefixes divides the lexicon into four modes: independent, conjunctive, imperative and future conditional

@U.order.indep@ INDEPENDENT ;
@U.order.cnj@ CONJUNCT ;
IMPERATIVE ;
FUTURE_CONDITIONAL ;

LEXICON INDEPENDENT gives flags and prefixes for personprefix Hypotheticals

LEXICON IND_TENSE gives flags and prefixes for tense

LEXICON FUTURE_CONDITIONAL gives flags for future conditional (no prefix)

LEXICON CONJUNCT gives flag for conjunct and combined tense preverbs

LEXICON CNJ_TENSE gives prefixes and flags for tense in conjunct

LEXICON IMPERATIVE gives flag for imperative (no prefixes)

Preverbs

LEXICON VERBPREFIXES just adds the prefix boundary

Now, LEXC directs us to the ../stems/verbs_stems.lexc file, where we find all the verbal stems. The suffixes are then found in the section “Suffixes” right underneath.

Suffixes

Intransitive inanimate (II)

LEXICON VIIn

LEXICON VIIn_SG

LEXICON VIIw_PL

= LEXICON VIIw_PL NO LONGER NEEDED FROM AROK +V+II: VIIw_PL_WICI ; NO LONGER NEEDED FROM AROK

LEXICON VIIw

LEXICON VIIw_SG

LEXICON VIIn_PL NO LONGER NEEDED FROM AROK NO LONGER NEEDED FROM AROK

 NO LONGER NEEDED FROM AROK @U.wici.NULL@ VIIw_PL_ORDER ; NO LONGER NEEDED FROM AROK

@U.wici.NULL@ VIIw_PL_ORDER ;

LEXICON VIIw_SGPL_ORDER

LEXICON VIIw_SG_ORDER singular only

LEXICON VIIw_PL_ORDER singular only

= LEXICON VIIw_PL_ORDER plural only @U.order.indep@+Ind:@U.order.indep@ VIIw_PL_IND_PERSON ; ! @U.order.cnj@+Cnj:@U.order.cnj@ VIIw_PL_CNJ_PERSON ; ! @U.order.FutCon@+Fut+Cond:@U.order.FutCon@ VIIw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON ;!

LEXICON VIIn_SGPL_ORDER

LEXICON VIIn_SG_ORDER singular only

LEXICON VIIn_PL_ORDER plural only

LEXICON VIIw_SG_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VIIw_SG_CNJ_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VIIw_PL_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VIIw_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only

= LEXICON VIIw_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only @U.tense.Prs@+Prs:@U.tense.Prs@ VIIw_PL_IND_PERSON ; ! @U.tense.Prt@+Prt:@U.tense.Prt@ VIIw_PL_IND_PERSON ; ! @U.tense.FutDef@+Fut+Def:@U.tense.FutDef@ VIIw_PL_IND_PERSON ; ! @U.tense.FutInt@+Fut+Int:@U.tense.FutInt@ VIIw_PL_IND_PERSON ; !

= LEXICON VIIw_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only @U.tense.Prs@+Prs:@U.tense.Prs@ VIIw_PL_CNJ_PERSON ; ! @U.tense.Prt@+Prt:@U.tense.Prt@ VIIw_PL_CNJ_PERSON ; ! @U.tense.FutInt@+Fut+Int:@U.tense.FutInt@ VIIw_PL_CNJ_PERSON ; !

LEXICON VIIn_SG_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VIIn_SG_CNJ_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VIIn_PL_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VIIn_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VIIw_SGPL_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VIIw_SGPL_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VIIw_SGPL_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VIIw_SG_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VIIw_SG_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VIIw_SG_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VIIw_PL_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VIIw_PL_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VIIw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON

= LEXICON VIIw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only @U.person.NULL@ VIIw_IND_PL_SUFFIX ;

= LEXICON VIIw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only @U.person.NULL@ VIIw_CNJ_PL_SUFFIX ;

= LEXICON VIIw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only @U.person.NULL@ VIIw_FUT_CON_PL_SUFFIX ;

LEXICON VIIn_SGPL_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VIIn_SGPL_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VIIn_SGPL_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VIIn_SG_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VIIn_SG_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VIIn_SG_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VIIn_PL_IND_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VIIn_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VIIn_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VIIn_SGPL_IND_NULL

LEXICON VIIn_SG_IND_SUFFIX singular

LEXICON VIIn_PL_IND_SUFFIX plural

LEXICON VIIw_SGPL_IND_NULL

LEXICON VIIw_SG_IND_SUFFIX w final singular

LEXICON VIIw_PL_IND_SUFFIX w final plural

LEXICON VIIn_SGPL_CNJ_NULL

LEXICON VIIn_SG_CNJ_SUFFIX singular

LEXICON VIIn_PL_CNJ_SUFFIX plural

LEXICON VIIw_SGPL_CNJ_NULL

LEXICON VIIw_SG_CNJ_SUFFIX w final singular

LEXICON VIIw_PL_CNJ_SUFFIX w final plural

LEXICON VIIn_SGPL_FUT_CON_NULL

LEXICON VIIn_SG_FUT_CON_SUFFIX singular

LEXICON VIIn_PL_FUT_CON_SUFFIX plural

LEXICON VIIw_SGPL_FUT_CON_NULL

LEXICON VIIw_SG_FUT_CON_SUFFIX w final singular

LEXICON VIIw_PL_FUT_CON_SUFFIX w final plural

Intransitive animate (AI)

LEXICON VAIw_PL stems that end in â or ê

LEXICON VAIae stems that end in â or ê

LEXICON VAIio stems that end in i, î, o, ô

LEXICON VAIn

LEXICON VAIn_PL

LEXICON VAIm These are VTI3 in Arok’s database

LEXICON VAIn_ORDER

LEXICON VAIn_PL_ORDER plural only

LEXICON VAIae_ORDER

LEXICON VAIw_PL_ORDER plural only

LEXICON VAIio_ORDER

LEXICON VAIn_PL_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VAIn_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VAIw_PL_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VAIw_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VAIn_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VAIn_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VAIn_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VAIn_IMP_PERSON

LEXICON VAIn_PL_IND_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VAIn_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VAIn_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VAIn_PL_IMP_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VAIw_PL_IND_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VAIw_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VAIw_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VAIw_PL_IMP_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VAIae_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VAIae_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VAIw_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VAIw_IMP_PERSON

LEXICON VAIio_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VAIio_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VAIw_IND_NI

LEXICON VAIw_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIw_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIw_IND_KI

LEXICON VAIw_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIw_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIae_IND_NULL

LEXICON VAIio_IND_NULL

LEXICON VAIw_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIn_IND_NI

LEXICON VAIn_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIn_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIn_IND_KI

LEXICON VAIn_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIn_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIn_IND_NULL

LEXICON VAIn_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIn_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIae_CNJ_NULL

LEXICON VAIio_CNJ_NULL

LEXICON VAIae_CNJ_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIio_CNJ_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIw_CNJ_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIn_CNJ_NULL

LEXICON VAIn_CNJ_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIn_CNJ_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VAIae_FUT_CON_NULL

LEXICON VAIw_FUT_CON_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

+X+4Sg:%>yiki # ;

LEXICON VAIw_FUT_CON_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

+X+4Pl:%>yikwâwi # ;

LEXICON VAIn_FUT_CON_NULL

LEXICON VAIn_FUT_CON_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

+X+4Sg:%>iyiki # ;

LEXICON VAIn_FUT_CON_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

+X+4Pl:%>iyikwâwi # ;

Transitive inanimate (TI)

LEXICON VTIm
LEXICON VTIm_PL Plural
LEXICON VTIae NOTE: These inflect just as VAI -w final stems, so they are redirected to those paradigms
LEXICON VTIio NOTE: These inflect just as VAI -w final stems, so they are redirected to those paradigms

LEXICON VTIm_ORDER .

LEXICON VTIm_PL_ORDER plural only NOTE: imperative and fut con go straight to person lexica

LEXICON VTIm_PL_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VTIm_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VTIm_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VTIm_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VTIm_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VTIm_IMP_PERSON

LEXICON VTIm_PL_IND_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VTIm_PL_CNJ_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VTIm_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VTIm_PL_IMP_PERSON plural only

LEXICON VTIm_IND_NI

LEXICON VTIm_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTIm_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTIm_IND_KI

LEXICON VTIm_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTIm_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTIm_IND_NULL

LEXICON VTIm_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX NOTE: X actor will eventually derive to VII, so it is not yet included as per Arok’s paradigm

Derives to VIIn

LEXICON VTIm_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

Derives to VIIn

LEXICON VTIm_CNJ_NULL

LEXICON VTIm_CNJ_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

+X+4Sg:%>mihiyik # ;

LEXICON VTIm_CNJ_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

+X+4Pl:%>mihiyiki # ;

LEXICON VTIm_FUT_CON_NULL

LEXICON VTIm_FUT_CON_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

+X+4Sg:%>mihiyiki # ;

LEXICON VTIm_FUT_CON_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

+X+3Sg:%>mihkwâwi # ; +X+4Sg:%>mihiyikwâwi # ;

LEXICON VTA Multi-Syllabic stems
LEXICON VTA_PL Multi-Syllabic stems plural only forms
LEXICON VTAt Multi-Syllabic t/s-final alternating stems
LEXICON VTAi Mono-Syllabic stems
LEXICON VTA_WICI -Vw stem-ending verbs; where + i suf deletes w and i
LEXICON VTA_PL_WICI -Vw stem-ending verbs; when deletes w and i plural only forms
LEXICON VTAt_WICI -t ending stems
LEXICON VTAi_WICI single mora stems

LEXICON VTA_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don’t take tense

LEXICON VTA_PL_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don’t take tense

LEXICON VTAi_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don’t take tense ; Conjugates as TA regular except in 2sg IMM IMP

LEXICON VTAt_ORDER Note: Imp and Fut Con don’t take tense ; Conjugates as TA regular except in 2sg IMM IMP

LEXICON VTA_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VTA_CNJ_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VTA_PL_IND_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VTA_PL_CNJ_TENSE plural only

LEXICON VTA_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VTA_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VTA_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VTA_IMP_PERSON

LEXICON VTA_PL_IND_PERSON

LEXICON VTA_PL_CNJ_PERSON

LEXICON VTA_PL_FUT_CON_PERSON

LEXICON VTA_PL_IMP_PERSON

LEXICON VTAt_IMP_PERSON no -i in 2sg+3SgO

LEXICON VTAi_IMP_PERSON

LEXICON VTA_IND_NI NOTE: No local, as local forms are always with ki-

LEXICON VTA_IND_NI_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTA_IND_NI_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTA_IND_KI

LEXICON VTA_IND_KI_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTA_IND_KI_PL_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTA_IND_NULL NOTE: never local

LEXICON VTA_IND_NULL_SG_SUFFIX

LEXICON VTA_IND_NULL_PL_SUFFIX

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

End of verb affixes LEXC code

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verb_affixes.lexc

Plains Cree NLP Grammar

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Prefixes

Suffixes