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Transitive verbs also agree with the person of the object
? 3SgObvObj 3SgObjSubj
They also have reflexives.
Looks like they should be able to maybe agree with obviative in nishnaabemwin as well?
ni-nibaa-naaban
in-gii-nibaa-naaban
niimi 'dance'
niniim
giniim
Ojibwe has several verb categories, dependent on transitivity and animacy. Animacy seems to be lexical, everytihng else is inflectional, but I could be wrong. Often the following labels are used.
Verbs also have a conjunct form and non-conjunct form. Is this relative clause verbs versus matrix clause?
There are preverbal tense markers, often separated by a hyphen in the orthography.
sg pl
1 ni-nibaa-0 1Ex ni-nibaa-min
1In gi-nibaa-min
2 gi-nibaa-0 2 gi-nibaa-m
3 0-nibaa-0 3 0-nibaa-wag
3' 0-nibaa-wan
Imp 0-nibaa-m
NOTE: Wikipedia notes that Odaawaa has -mi
sg pl
1 in-gii-nibaa 1Ex in-gii-nibaa-min
1In gi-gii-nibaa-min
2 gi-gii-nibaa 2 gi-gii-nibaa-m
3 0-gii-nibaa 3 0-gii-nibaa-wag
3' 0-gii-nibaa-wan
Imp 0-gii-nibaa-m
NOTE: Wikipedia notes that Odaawaa has -mi
sg pl
1 in-ga-nibaa 1Ex in-ga-nibaa-min
1In gi-ga-nibaa-min
2 gi-ga-nibaa 2 gi-ga-nibaa-m
3 0-da-nibaa 3 0-da-nibaa-wag
3' 0-da-nibaa-wan
Imp 0-da-nibaa-m
NOTE: Wikipedia notes that Odaawaa has -mi
sg
1 in-wii-nibaa 1Ex in-wii-nibaa-min
1In gi-wii-nibaa-min
2 gi-wii-nibaa 2 gi-wii-nibaa-m
3 0-wii-nibaa 3 0-wii-nibaa-wag
3' 0-wii-nibaa-wan
Imp 0-wii-nibaa-m
NOTE: Wikipedia notes that Odaawaa has -mi
sg
1 ni-nibaa-naaban 1Ex ni-nibaa-minaaban
1In gi-nibaa-minaaban
2 gi-nibaa-naaban 2 gi-nibaa-mwaaban
3 0-nibaa-ban 3 0-nibaa-baniig
3' 0-nibaa-baniin
Imp 0-nibaa-maban
sg
1 ni-nibaa-naaban 1Ex ni-nibaa-minaaban
1In gi-nibaa-minaaban
2 gi-nibaa-naaban 2 gi-nibaa-mwaaban
3 0-nibaa-ban 3 0-nibaa-baneg
3' 0-nibaa-banen
Imp 0-nibaa-mwaaban
sg
1 ni-nibaa-sii-naaban 1Ex ni-nibaa-sii-minaaban
1In gi-nibaa-sii-minaaban
2 gi-nibaa-sii-naaban 2 gi-nibaa-sii-mwaaban
3 0-nibaa-sii-ban 3 0-nibaa-sii-baniig
3' 0-nibaa-sii-baniin
Imp 0-nibaa-sii-maban
sg
1 ni-nibaa-sii-naaban 1Ex ni-nibaa-sii-minaaban
1In gi-nibaa-sii-minaaban
2 gi-nibaa-sii-naaban 2 gi-nibaa-sii-mwaaban
3 0-nibaa-sii-ban 3 0-nibaa-sii-baneg
3' 0-nibaa-sii-banen
Imp 0-nibaa-sii-mwaaban
sg
1 ni-nibaa-naadig 1Ex ni-nibaa-minaadig
1In gi-nibaa-minaadig
2 gi-nibaa-naadig 2 gi-nibaa-waadig
3 0-nibaa-dig 3 0-nibaa-widigenag
3' 0-nibaa-genan
Imp 0-nibaa-midig
sg
1 ni-nibaa-naadog 1Ex ni-nibaa-minaadog
1In gi-nibaa-minaadog
2 gi-nibaa-naadog 2 gi-nibaa-waadog
3 0-nibaa-dog 3 0-nibaa-genag
3' 0-nibaa-genan
Imp 0-nibaa-waadog
sg
1 ni-nibaa-sii-naadog 1Ex ni-nibaa-sii-minaadog
1In gi-nibaa-sii-minaadog
2 gi-nibaa-sii-naadog 2 gi-nibaa-sii-waadog
3 0-nibaa-sii-dog 3 0-nibaa-sii-genag
3' 0-nibaa-sii-genan
Imp 0-nibaa-sii-waadog
sg
1 ni-nibaa-naadig 1Ex ni-nibaa-minaadig
1In gi-nibaa-minaadig
2 gi-nibaa-naadig 2 gi-nibaa-waadig
3 0-nibaa-dig 3 0-nibaa-widigenag
3' 0-nibaa-genan
Imp 0-nibaa-midig
NOTE: According to SWOjibweVTAVAI3Modes0.pdf, these some forms here are missing, so what dialect is this?
TODO: Dubitative Preterite Negative
sg
1 0-nibaa-yaan 1Ex 0-nibaa-yaang
1In 0-nibaa-yang
2 0-nibaa-yan 2 0-nibaa-yeg
3 0-nibaa-d 3 0-nibaa-waad
3' 0-nibaa-nid
Imp 0-nibaa-ng
NOTE: DIALECT: Wikipedia says that Odaawaa has nibaasiwaanh
sg
1 0-nibaa-si-yaan 1Ex 0-nibaa-si-waang
1In 0-nibaa-si-wang
2 0-nibaa-si-yan 2 0-nibaa-si-weg
3 0-nibaa-si-g 3 0-nibaa-si-waa
3' 0-nibaa-si-nid
0-nibaa-si-nig
Imp 0-nibaa-si-ng
sg
1In 0-nibaa-daa
2 0-nibaa-n 2 0-nibaa-k, 0-nibaa-g
sg
1In 0-nibaa-sii-daa
2 0-nibaa-ken 2 0-nibaa-keg-on
sg
2 0-nibaa-kan 2 0-nibaa-keg
sg
2 0-nibaa-sii-kan 2 0-nibaa-sii-keg
Agree with object as well as subject, also have reflexive form.
waabam 'see'
zaagi' 'love'
Northern Ojibwe spells them with -o, southwestern without, but the stems are still pronounced the same
aaba'o 'untie s.o.'
aaba'
/aaba'w/
baashkiz 'shoot s.o.'
/baashkizw/ - coalesces with following /i/ to become /o/
imbaashkizwaa 'I shoot ANsg'
imbaashbizog 'ANsg shoots me.'
Palatization-like behavior /n/ /zh/
miizhishin 'give Y to me!'
nimiinaa 'I give Y to ANsg'
miizh /miiN/ 'give (s.t.) to s.o.'
/-i/ 3P goal
/-ishi/ 3P goal imperative
/s/ /sh/ alternation in final sound of few stems, but otherwise, verbs ending in both these sounds
nishi 'kill s.o.'
nishishin 'kill me!'
ninisaa 'I kill ANsg.'
/-i/ 3P goal
/-ishi/ 3P goal imperative
ozhitamaw 'make something for s.o.'
noondaw 'hear s.o.'
wiindamaw 'tell (s.t.) to s.o.'
before /-in/ 2Obj, /aw+i/ -> /oo/ ginoondoon
before suffixes beginning in /-ig/ /aa/ ninoondaag
ninoondaadoo
izhi ‘to say (such) to s.o.’ is more of the /N/ type.
Southwestern Ojibwe has a ton of forms. Extracted these from a chart, conjunct verbs have no subject prefix apparently, but they have suffixes that encode subject and object person. For example…
I think the chart was here: http://weshki.atwebpages.com/verbs/vta_B_indic.html
Verb stem: 0-waabam-…
Combined with …
1SgSubj 3SgObj ag
1SgSubj 3PlObj agwaa
2SgSubj 3SgObj ad
2SgSubj 3PlObj adwaa
1PlExclSubj 3SgObj angid
1PlExclSubj 3PlObj angidwaa
1PlInclSubj 3SgObj ang
1PlInclSubj 3PlObj angwaa
2PlSubj 3SgObj eg
2PlSubj 3PlObj egwaa
3SgSubj 3ObvObj aad
3PlSubj 3ObvObj aawaad
ImpersSubj 3SgObj ind
ImpersSubj 3PlObj indwaa
1SgSubj 3ObvObj imag
2SgSubj 3ObvObj imad
1PlExclSubj 3ObvObj imangid
21Subj 3ObvObj imang
2PlSubj 3ObvObj imeg
ImpersSubj 3ObvObj imind
3ObvSubj 3SgObj igod
3ObvSubj 3PlObj igowaad
3InanimSubj 1SgObj igoyaan
3InanimSubj 2SgObj igoyan
3InanimSubj 3SgObj igod
3InanimSubj 1PlExclObj igoyaang
3InanimSubj 1PlInclObj igoyang
3InanimSubj 2PlObj igoyeg
3InanimSubj 3PlObj igowaad
3InanimSubj 3ObvObj igonid
ImpersSubj 1SgObj igooyaan
ImpersSubj 2SgObj igooyan
ImpersSubj 1PlExclObj igooyaang
ImpersSubj 1PlInclObj igooyang
ImpersSubj 2PlObj igooyeg
2SgSubj 1SgObj iyan
2PlSubj 1SgObj iyeg
2SgSubj 1PlExclObj iyaang
2PlSubj 1PlExclObj iyaang
3SgSubj 1SgObj id
3PlSubj 1SgObj iwaad
3SgSubj 1PlExclObj iyangid
3PlSubj 1PlExclObj iyangidwaa
1SgSubj 2SgObj inaan
1SgSubj 2PlObj inagog
1PlExclSubj 2SgObj igooyan
1PlExclSubj 2PlObj igooyeg
3SgSubj 2SgObj ik
3PlSubj 2SgObj ikwaa
3SgSubj 2PlInclObj inang
3PlSubj 2PlInclObj inangwaa
3SgSubj 2PlExclObj ineg
3PlSubj 2PlExclObj inegwaa
1SgSubj 3SgObj agiban
1SgSubj 3PlObj agwaaban
2SgSubj 3SgObj adiban
2SgSubj 3PlObj adawaban
1PlExclSubj 3SgObj angidiban
1PlExclSubj 3PlObj angidwaaban
1PlInclSubj 3SgObj angiban
1PlInclSubj 3PlObj angwaaban
2PlSubj 3SgObj egiban
2PlSubj 3PlObj egwaaban
3SgSubj 3ObvObj aapan
3PlSubj 3ObvObj awaapan
ImpersSubj 3SgObj indiban
ImpersSubj 3PlObj indwaaban
1SgSubj 3ObvObj imagiban
2SgSubj 3ObvObj imadiban
1PlExclSubj 3ObvObj imangidiban
21Subj 3ObvObj imangiban
2PlSubj 3ObvObj imegiban
ImpersSubj 3ObvObj imindiban
3ObvSubj 3SgObj igopan
3ObvSubj 3PlObj igowaapan
3InanimSubj 1SgObj igoyaambaan
3InanimSubj 2SgObj igoyamban
3InanimSubj 3SgObj igopan
3InanimSubj 1PlExclObj oyaangiban
3InanimSubj 1PlInclObj oyangiban
3InanimSubj 2PlObj oyegiban
3InanimSubj 3PlObj owaapan
3InanimSubj 3ObvObj onipan
ImpersSubj 1SgObj ooyaambaan
ImpersSubj 2SgObj ooyamban
ImpersSubj 1PlExclObj ooyaangiban
ImpersSubj 1PlInclObj ooyangiban
ImpersSubj 2PlObj ooyegiban
2SgSubj 1SgObj amban
2PlSubj 1SgObj egiban
2SgSubj 1PlExclObj aangiban
2PlSubj 1PlExclObj aangiban
3SgSubj 1SgObj ipan
3PlSubj 1SgObj iwaapan
3SgSubj 1PlExclObj iyangidiban
3PlSubj 1PlExclObj iyangidwaaban
1SgSubj 2SgObj inaambaan
1SgSubj 2PlObj inagoogoban
1PlExclSubj 2SgObj ikiban
1PlExclSubj 2PlObj ikwaaban
3SgSubj 2SgObj inegiban
3PlSubj 2SgObj inegwaaban
3SgSubj 2PlInclObj inangiban
3PlSubj 2PlInclObj inangwaaban
3SgSubj 2PlExclObj igooyamban
3PlSubj 2PlExclObj igooyegiban
1SgSubj 3SgObj aawagen
1SgSubj 3PlObj aawagwaawen
2SgSubj 3SgObj aawaden
2SgSubj 3PlObj aawadwaawen
1PlExclSubj 3SgObj aawangiden
1PlExclSubj 3PlObj aawangidwaawen
1PlInclSubj 3SgObj aawangen
1PlInclSubj 3PlObj aawangwaawen
2PlSubj 3SgObj aawegwen
2PlSubj 3PlObj aawegwaawen
3SgSubj 3ObvObj aagwen
3PlSubj 3ObvObj aawaagwen
ImpersSubj 3SgObj aawinden
ImpersSubj 3PlObj aawindwaawen
1SgSubj 3ObvObj imaawagen
2SgSubj 3ObvObj imaawaden
1PlExclSubj 3ObvObj imaawangiden
21Subj 3ObvObj imaawangen
2PlSubj 3ObvObj imaawegwen
ImpersSubj 3ObvObj imaawinden
3ObvSubj 3SgObj igogwen
3ObvSubj 3PlObj igowaagwen
3InanimSubj 1SgObj igowaanen
3InanimSubj 2SgObj igowanen
3InanimSubj 3SgObj igogwen
3InanimSubj 1PlExclObj igowaangen
3InanimSubj 1PlInclObj igowangen
3InanimSubj 2PlObj igowegwen
3InanimSubj 3PlObj igowaagwen
3InanimSubj 3ObvObj igonigwen
ImpersSubj 1SgObj igoowaanen
ImpersSubj 2SgObj igoowanen
ImpersSubj 1PlExclObj igoowaangen
ImpersSubj 1PlInclObj igoowangen
ImpersSubj 2PlObj igoowegwen
2SgSubj 1SgObj iwanen
2PlSubj 1SgObj iwegwen
2SgSubj 1PlExclObj iwaangen
2PlSubj 1PlExclObj iwaangen
3SgSubj 1SgObj igwen
3PlSubj 1SgObj iwaagwen
3SgSubj 1PlExclObj iwangiden
3PlSubj 1PlExclObj iwangidwaawen
1SgSubj 2SgObj inowaanen
1SgSubj 2PlObj
1PlExclSubj 2SgObj inogwen
1PlExclSubj 2PlObj inogwaawen
3SgSubj 2SgObj inowegwen
3PlSubj 2SgObj inowegwaawen
3SgSubj 2PlInclObj inowangen
3PlSubj 2PlInclObj inowangwaawen
3SgSubj 2PlExclObj igoowanen
3PlSubj 2PlExclObj igoowegwen