South Sámi morphological analyser

Multichar_Symbols definitions

Tags for sub-POS

Proper nouns

+Prop =

Pronoun subtypes

+Pers = Personal
+Dem = Demonstrative
+Interr = Interrogative
+Refl = Reflexive
+Recipr = Reciprocal
+Rel = Relative
+Indef = Indefinite

Numeral subtypes

+Coll = Collective numeral
+Arab = Arabic numeral
+Rom = Roman numeral

Error (non-standard language) tags

Error tag	Explanation
+Err/Orth	Substandard, unormert form av et ord
+Err/Hyph	Substandard, unormert
+Err/SpaceCmp	Substandard, unormert
+Err/Attr	Substandard, unormert Attr-form av et ord
+Err/Lex	lemma med dens ordformer er utenfor normen. No normative lemma, it’s grammatically correct.
+Err/Der	Errors in derivations
+Err/Spellrelax	Used to tag spellrelaxed typos (tag is inserted via flag diacritics)
+Err/MissingSpace	in use in smi lexc

Usage tags

Usage tag	Explanation
+Use/Marg	Marginal, korrekte, eksisterende former, men som er sjeldne. vi kan fjerne disse ordene f.eks fra speller, fordi de er så sjeldne og lite i bruk at de lemma som ligger nært kan bli forvekslet.
+Use/-Spell	Excluded from speller
+Use/-PLX	Excluded in PLX speller
+Use/SpellNoSugg	Recognized but not suggested in speller
+Use/Circ	Circular path
+Use/CircN	Circular number path?
+Use/Ped	Remove from pedagogical speller
+Use/NG	Do not generate for isme-ped.fst and apertium
+Use/MT	Generate for apertium only
+Use/NotDNorm	For (spellings of) words that do not follow the orthographic principles of sma. Divvun suggest that this shouldn’t be normative, even though they are decided upon by GG. Included in speller.
+Use/DNorm	For words without formal normalization. Divvun suggest that this should be normative. Included in speller. Based on 2010 normative decision & Ove Lorentz’ suggestions for the norm.
+Use/PMatch	Do only include in fst’s for hfst-pmatch
+Use/-PMatch	Do not include in fst’s made for hfst-pmatch
+Use/GC	only retained in the HFST Grammar Checker disambiguation analyser
+Use/-GC	never retained in the HFST Grammar Checker disambiguation analyser
+Use/TTS	only retained in the HFST Text-To-Speech disambiguation tokeniser
+Use/-TTS	never retained in the HFST Text-To-Speech disambiguation tokeniser

Dialect tags

Dialect tag	Explanation
+Dial/-S	Not in the South
+Dial/S	Only in the South
+Dial/-N	Not in the North
+Dial/N	Only in the North
+Dial/-NOR	Words not in Norway
+Dial/NOR	Words only in Norway
+Dial/-SW	Words not in Sweden
+Dial/SW	Words only in Sweden
+Dial/SH	Short forms
+Dial/L	Long forms

Normative/prescriptive compounding tags

(to govern compound behaviour for the speller, ie what a compound SHOULD BE)

The left part of a compound should be …

The default is +CmpN/SgN, so when nothing is specified, that will be used. To override that one, specify one or more of the following tags. +CmpN/SgN must be specified if also other tags are listed - unless +CmpN/SgN should not be used, for course.

Normative compounding tag	Explanation
+CmpN/Sg	Singular
+CmpN/SgN	Singular Nominative
+CmpN/SgG	Singular Genitive
+CmpN/PlG	Plural Genitive

The right part of a compound requires to the left …

These tags overrule the regular tags defined above. One or more can be specified.

Normative left-governing tag	Explanation
+CmpN/SgLeft	Sg to the left
+CmpN/SgNomLeft	etc.
+CmpN/SgGenLeft	”
+CmpN/PlGenLeft	”

This part of the component can …

Normative position tag	Explanation
+CmpNP/All	… be in all positions, default, this tag does not have to be written
+CmpNP/First	… only be first part in a compound or alone
+CmpNP/Pref	… only be first part in a compound, NEVER alone
+CmpNP/Last	… only be last part in a compound or alone
+CmpNP/Suff	… only be last part in a compound, NEVER alone
+CmpNP/None	… not take part in compounds
+CmpNP/Only	… only be part of a compound, i.e. can never be used alone, but can appear in any position

Descriptive compounding tags

Tags for compound analysis - this is what a compound actually is. We use this to research compounding patterns in the corpus.

Descriptive compounding tag	Explanation
+Cmp/Sg	Compounding using an unspecified singular stem
+Cmp/SgNom	Compounding using nominative singular
+Cmp/SgGen	Compounding using genitive singular
+Cmp/PlGen	Compounding using genitive plural
+Cmp/Attr	Compounding using attribute form
+Cmp/eh	Compound stem in –eh, as in gaameh-gåaroje, from gaamege
+Cmp/ege	Compound stem in –ege, as in gaamege-gåaroje
+Cmp/FinEDel	Deletion of final e, as in voelem-gaaroeh, from voeleme
+Cmp/ShH	Compounding using a short stem + h: –biejjh– (from biejjie), cf reakedsbiejjhvadtese
+Cmp/Sh	Compounding using a short stem: –biejj– (from biejjie)
+Cmp/SplitR	This is a split compound with the other part to the right: “Arbeids- og inkluderingsdepartementet” => Arbeids– = +Cmp/SplitR
+Cmp/SplitL	This is a split compound with the other part to the left, this is the oposite of the previous case
+Cmp	Dynamic compound - this tag should always be part of a dynamic compound. It is important for Apertium and the speller (to give extra weights to compounds), and useful in other cases as well.
+Cmp/XForm	Alle Cmp som ikke har en klar klassifisering
+Cmp/AttrH	Alle Cmp som har en attr-h

Tags for Inflection

Tags for Case, Number & Possessive Inflection

Case and number

+Sg = Singular
+Pl = Plural
+Du = Dual
+Nom = Nominative
+Acc = Ackusative
+Gen = Genitive
+Ine = Inesive
+Ela = Elative
+Ill= Illative
+Com= Comitative
+Ess = Essive

Possessive

+PxSg1 = Possessives Singular
+PxSg2 = Possessives Singular
+PxSg3 = Possessives Singular
+PxDu1 = Possessives Dual
+PxDu2 = Possessives Dual
+PxDu3 = Possessives Dual
+PxPl1 = Possessives Plural
+PxPl2 = Possessives Plural
+PxPl3 = Possessives Plural

Tense, Person & Number

Tense tag	Explanation
+Prs	Presens
+Prt	Preteritum

Person & Number tag	Explanation
+Sg1	Singular, 1.person
+Sg2	Singular, 2.person
+Sg3	Singular, 3.person
+Du1	Dual , 1.person
+Du2	Dual , 2.person
+Du3	Dual , 3.person
+Pl1	Plural , 1.person
+Pl2	Plural , 2.person
+Pl3	Plural , 3.person

Other verbal tags

Verbal tag	Explanation
+Neg	negation verb ij
+ConNeg	main verb complement to Neg, form identical to Imp
+VAbess	Verb Abessive
+Inf	Infinitive and participles
+PrfPrc	Infinitive and participles
+PrsPrc	Infinitive and participles
+Ger	Gerundium
+VGen	Verbgenitive
+Ind	Indicative
+Imprt	Imperative
+ImprtII	Imperative, for Neg: ollem ollh …
+Cond	Kondisjonalis, for one form: lidtjie. To be looked at.+ lidtjim, + lidtjih
+Act	-eme, could be changed to `+Actio`

Tags for adjectives

+Attr: Attribute form
+Ord: Ordinal number

Other tags

+ABBR: Abbreviation
+Symbol: Symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
+ACR: Acronym
+TV: Transitive verb
+IV: Intansitive verb
+Gram/TAbbr: Transitive abbreviation (it needs an argument)
+Gram/TNumAbbr: Transitive abbreviation if the following constituent is numeric
+Gram/TIAbbr: Both transitive and intransitive abbreviation
+Gram/IAbbr: Intransitive abbreviation (it takes no argument)
+Gram/NumNoAbbr: Transitive abbreviations for which numerals
+Multi: Multiword phrase tag ?
+Guess: for the name guesser ?
+LOAN: ad hoc tag for development purposes ?
+Cmp/Hyph: A tag to indicate that a hyphen was used when compounding?

Tags for testing the frequency of certain phenomenas in our corpora

+Test/LysI: form uses i
+Test/MørkI: form uses ï
+Test/HK: form uses consonant cluster hk
+Test/GK: form uses consonant cluster gk
+Test/JK: form uses consonant cluster jk
+Uml: A tag to indicate realised or potential Umlaut
+NoUml: A tag to indicate the lack of realised or potential Umlaut

Tags for punctuation

+CLB: XXX These should be documented better
+PUNCT: XXX These should be documented better
+LEFT: XXX These should be documented better
+RIGHT: XXX These should be documented better
+CLBfinal Sentence final abbreviated expression ending in full stop, so that the full stop is ambiguous

Different focus particles

+Foc: XXX Document better = Forsterkende particle?
+Foc/ge: XXX Document better = Forsterkende particle
+Foc/gan: XXX Document better = Forsterkende particle
+Foc/gih: XXX Document better = Forsterkende particle
+Foc/gænnah: XXX Document better = Forsterkende particle

Tags for adverbs and comparated adjectives

+Gram/Comp
+Gram/Superl

Semantic tags

Semantic tags help disambiguation and syntactic analysis. All tags used are defined and listed below.

+Sem/Act = Activity
+Sem/Adr = Webadr
+Sem/Amount = Amount; pile, amount of lynx, amount of food, one fifteenth, ten percent
+Sem/Ani = Animate; dog, reindeer, teddy bear,ndragon, lice
+Sem/Ani-fish = fisk
+Sem/Aniprod = Animal Product; sweat, reindeer skin, lice egg, blood for making dumplings, pee
+Sem/Body = Bodypart; ear, bone, ear canal, artificial leg, mustache, nervous system
+Sem/Body-abstr = Non-physical body part; Sjel, ånd, reason, soul, voice, eyesight, conscience
+Sem/Build = Building; house, museum, Sámi tent, nest, sandcastle
+Sem/Build-room = Room in a building, typically place to be
+Sem/Buildpart = Part of building; closet, room, door, balcony, pool, office
+Sem/Cat = Category; name, subjunction, suffix, password, existential sentence
+Sem/Clth = Clothes/Clothing; shirt, hat, theater costume, shawl, seatbelt, diaper
+Sem/Clth-jewl = Jewelery and similar; watch, sunglasses, ring, necklace, crown
+Sem/Clthpart = Part of clothes; knapp, søm, pocket (OBS! Ctain-abstr), bottom part of an article of clothing, upper part of trousers, seam, button
+Sem/Ctain = Container; suitcase, terrarium, closet, container, gas tank
+Sem/Ctain-abstr = Abstract container; bank account, fund, account, loan fund, pot, bank account
+Sem/Ctain-clth = Pocket
+Sem/Curr = Currency; not money, euro, US dollar, denar, Danish crown, currency
+Sem/Dance = Dance; swing, rumba, ballet, belly dance, war dance
+Sem/Date = Date
+Sem/Dir = Direction like GPS-kursa / Direction; GPS course, stock exchange price, graph, tendency, starboard
+Sem/Domain = Domain like politics, reindeerherding (a system of actions), anthropology, punk rock, biology, linguistics, medicine
+Sem/Drink = Drink; tea, beer, UHT milk, soda, communion wine
+Sem/Dummytag = Default tag for uncategorized nouns
+Sem/Edu = Educational event; skiing high school skiing academy, course, music lesson, lesson, master
+Sem/Event = Event; wedding, meeting, competition, election, festival
+Sem/Feat = Feature; Árvu, age difference, homosexuality, femininity, identity, congruence
+Sem/Feat-measr = Measurable feature; radius, diameter, volume, circumference, perimeter, frequency
+Sem/Feat-phys = Physiological feature; size, color, height, shape, weight, horsepower
+Sem/Feat-psych = Psychological feature; authority, nature, childishness, creativity, arrogance
+Sem/Fem = Female name
+Sem/Food = Food; bread, vegetarian food, flour, tobacco, salt/ mat, krydder
+Sem/Food-med = Medicine; birth-control pill, asthma medicine, medicine, penicillin, vaccine/ medisin eks: hodetabelett
+Sem/Fruit = Fruit and fruit-like edibles/ frukt,bær, salat
+Sem/Furn = Furniture; throne, chair, table, altar, trampoline
+Sem/Game = Game; biŋgo bingo, TV game, flipper, paintball, chess
+Sem/Geom = Geometrical object; triangle, triangle, tetrahedron, asymptote, star
+Sem/Group = Animal or Human Group; family, herd, group, indigenous people, delegation
+Sem/Hum = Human
+Sem/ID = ID
+Sem/Ideol = Ideology; nomadism, buddhism, feminism, christianity, fanaticism
+Sem/Lang = Language; South Sámi, mother tongue, Maori, Yiddish, second language
+Sem/Mal = Male name
+Sem/Mat = Material for producing things; paper, steel, wood, leather, wool/ eks: mineral, nikkel,plast, kalvskinn
+Sem/Measr = Measure; unit of volume, quarter meter, hour, minus degree, wátta watt
+Sem/Money = Has to do with money; wages, not Curr(ency), treasure, belongings, debt, food price, bill, pension / penger,depositum, gevinst, stipend
+Sem/Obj = Object; thing, cup, thing, toy, painting
+Sem/Obj-clo = Cloth; carpet, flag, curtain, silk sheets, napkin
+Sem/Obj-el = (Electrical) machine or apparatus; player, lamp, TV, radio, oven
+Sem/Obj-ling = Object with something written on it: kort,biletter
+Sem/Obj-play = Play object: ball eks:vollyball,fotball, snøball
+Sem/Obj-rope = flexible ropelike object; barbed wire, thread, rope, cable, dental floss
+Sem/Obj-surfc = Surface object; blackboard, drawing paper, canvas, board (for playing board games), (money) bill
+Sem/Org = Organisation; newspaper, supreme court, company, museum, administration
+Sem/Part = Feature, part of something; half, part, percent, rest, tenth
+Sem/Perc-emo = Emotional perception; fear, feeling of identity, empathy, sadness, working motivation
+Sem/Perc-phys = Physical perception; shoulder pain, gass smell, sleep (during the night), need of sleep, hunger
+Sem/Plant = Plant; lichen, plant, cucumber, bluebell, poisonous mushroom
+Sem/Plantpart = Plant part; twig, leaf, root, seed, pine trunk
+Sem/Plc = Place; world, nature, airport, workplace, fireplace
+Sem/Plc-abstr = Abstract place; bachelor level, job market, third place, Troms website, address
+Sem/Plc-elevate = Elevated place; mountain, peak, mountain top, scree, volcano
+Sem/Plc-line = Place limitations; national border, border, finish line, stop line, equator
+Sem/Plc-water = Water; river, lake, polar sea, sea, well
+Sem/Pos = Position (as in social position job); 50% position, presidency, fixed position, kindergarten place, role in society
+Sem/Process = Process
+Sem/Prod = Product
+Sem/Prod-audio = Audio product; yoik, roar, Beatles song, Bible psalm, blues
+Sem/Prod-cogn = Cognition product; thought, decision, knowledge, lack of understanding, requirement
+Sem/Prod-ling = Linguistic product; message, question, agreement, translation, criticism
+Sem/Prod-vis = Visual product; picture, film, TV series, documentary, art
+Sem/Rel = Relation; relation, dependency, subordination, analogy, equivalence
+Sem/Route = Route-like place; street, path, corridor, bridge, winter path
+Sem/Rule = Rule or convention; cultural tradition, abortion law, EU rule, law of cosines, fair play
+Sem/Semcon = Abstract semantic concept; result, objective, reason, alternative, case
+Sem/Sign = Sign (e.g. numbers, punctuation); ID number, ČSV letters, quotation mark, hieroglyph, symbol
+Sem/State = State; hurry, captivity, anarchy, biodiversity, chaos
+Sem/State-sick = Illness; allergy, cold, autism, dementia, somnambulism
+Sem/Substnc = Substance; Water, sand, air, smoke, carbohydrate, vitamin, dust
+Sem/Sur = Surname
+Sem/Time = Time; áigi time, April, half an hour, Tuesday, deadline
+Sem/Time-clock = Time
+Sem/Tool = Prototypical tool for repairing things; axe, knife, fire striker, plastic hammer, wrench
+Sem/Tool-catch = Tool used for catching; artificial fly, fishing net for cod, fishing rod, lasso used in wintertime, mouse trap
+Sem/Tool-clean = Tool used for cleaning; broom, vegetable brush, toothbrush, cleaning equipment
+Sem/Tool-it = Tool used in IT/tool within IT; IT infrastructure, analyzer, searching function, computer program, browser
+Sem/Tool-music = Musical instrument; shaman drum, guitar, violin, musical instrument, jaw harp
+Sem/Tool-write = Writing tool; colored pen, pencil, chalk, paintbrush, paint
+Sem/Txt = Written document; paper, book, letter, e-mail, song
+Sem/Veh = Vehicle; car, boat, sled, vehicle, draft reindeer, bicycle
+Sem/Wpn = Weapon; rifle, bow, sword, arrow, war axe
+Sem/Wthr = The Weather or the state of ground; cloudy weather, wind, driving conditions, night sunlight, rain shower
+Sem/Year = year (i.e. 1000 - 2999), used only for numerals

Multiple Semantic tags

Multiple semantic tags are written as one tag, with the different semantic values separated by an underline _.

All used combinations must be declared below, and the list must be manually maintained. The tags are ordered alphabetically, both the list and the semantic values within one tag.

+Sem/Act_Domain =
+Sem/Act_Fruit = frukt og handling
+Sem/Act_Plc = handling og plass
+Sem/Act_Route = handling og vei
+Sem/Act_Event = Hendelse
+Sem/Act_Tool-it = hendelse og it verktøy
+Sem/Ani_Body-abstr_Hum = dyrekropp, abstrakt begrep på mennesker, menneske
+Sem/Ani_Buildpart = dyr og bygningsdel
+Sem/Ani_Group = gruppe med dyr
+Sem/Ani_Group_Hum =
+Sem/Ani_Hum =
+Sem/Ani_Obj-el =
+Sem/Ani_Plc_Txt =
+Sem/Ani_Time =
+Sem/Ani_Tool =
+Sem/Ani_Veh = dyr + kjöretöy eks hest
+Sem/Aniprod_Hum =
+Sem/Aniprod_Plc_Route =
+Sem/Body_Food =
+Sem/Body_Hum = kroppsdeler, mennesker
+Sem/Body_Mat = kroppsdeler og dudtjie matriell
+Sem/Body_Measr =
+Sem/Body_Obj_Tool-catch =
+Sem/Body_Plc =
+Sem/Body_Plc-elevate =
+Sem/Buildpart_Ctain_Obj =
+Sem/Build_Clthpart =
+Sem/Build_Edu_Org =
+Sem/Build_Org =
+Sem/Cat_Group_Hum_Plc =
+Sem/Clth-jewl_Curr =
+Sem/Clth-jewl_Curr_Obj =
+Sem/Ctain-abstr_Org =
+Sem/Ctain-clth_Plant =
+Sem/Ctain-clth_Veh =
+Sem/Ctain_Furn =
+Sem/Ctain_Tool =
+Sem/Curr_Obj =
+Sem/Domain_Hum =
+Sem/Domain_Money =
+Sem/Drink_Plant =
+Sem/Edu_Event = eks: seminar, søndagsskole
+Sem/Edu_Geom =
+Sem/Edu_Hum =
+Sem/Edu_Mat = utbildning og mat
+Sem/Edu_Org =
+Sem/Event_Plc-elevate =
+Sem/Feat-measr_Plc =
+Sem/Feat-phys_Tool-write =
+Sem/Feat-psych_Hum =
+Sem/Feat-psych_Plc =
+Sem/Feat_Plant =
+Sem/Food_Plant = tobakk
+Sem/Furn_Time =
+Sem/Game_Obj-play = leker eks: snøballkastning.sekkelek
+Sem/Geom_Obj =
+Sem/Group_Hum =
+Sem/Group_Hum_Plc = gruppe mennesker tilsammens eks: konfirmasjonsleir
+Sem/Group_Hum_Plc-abstr =
+Sem/Hum_Lang = human and language
+Sem/Hum_Lang_Plc = eks menneske, nord/sør, lulesamisk etc.
+Sem/Hum_Mat_Tool =
+Sem/Hum_Org = menneske og organisasjon
+Sem/Hum_Veh =
+Sem/Hum_Tool =
+Sem/Lang_Tool =
+Sem/Mat_Obj-clo =
+Sem/Mat_Plant = material, plante eks bomull
+Sem/Mat_Txt =
+Sem/Measr_Obj_Time =
+Sem/Measr_Sign =
+Sem/Measr_Time = år, mnd, uke, time, minutt
+Sem/Money_Obj =
+Sem/Obj-ling_Obj-surfc =
+Sem/Hum_Obj =
+Sem/Obj_State =
+Sem/Obj_Veh =
+Sem/Org_Plc =
+Sem/Org_Prod-audio =
+Sem/Org_Prod-cogn =
+Sem/Org_Prod-vis =
+Sem/Org_Rule =
+Sem/Org_Txt =
+Sem/Part_Prod-cogn =
+Sem/Plant_Plantpart =
+Sem/Plc-abstr_Route =
+Sem/Plc_Pos =
+Sem/Plc_Route =
+Sem/Plc_Substnc =
+Sem/Plc_Substnc_Wthr =
+Sem/Plc_Txt =
+Sem/Plc_Wthr =
+Sem/Prod-audio_Txt =
+Sem/Prod-cogn_Txt =
+Sem/Semcon_Wthr =
+Sem/Substnc_Wthr =
+Sem/Time_Wthr =
+Sem/Domain_Txt =

Tag	Explanation
+MWE	multi word expressions, goes to abbr

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags.

Flag	Explanation
@P.Px.add@	Giving possibility for Px-suffixes (all except from Nom 3.p)
@R.Px.add@	Requiring P.Px.add-flag for Px-suffixes (all except from Nom 3.p)
@P.Nom3Px.add@	Giving possibility for Px-suffixes Nom 3.p
@R.Nom3Px.add@	Requiring P.Nom3Px.add flag for Px-suffixes Nom 3.p
@P.Pmatch.Backtrack@	Used on single-token analyses; tell hfst-tokenise/pmatch to backtrack by reanalysing the substrings before and after this poin in the form (to find combinations of shorter analyses that would otherwise be missed)
@D.ErrOrth.ON@	asdf
@C.ErrOrth@	asdf
@P.ErrOrth.ON@	asdf

Derivation tags and derivation position tags in a derivation row

Derivations in the same position are mutually exclusive (can not be combined), whereas tags in different positions can be combined, so that position 1 derivations must precede position 2 derivations, and so on.

Pos1	Pos2	Pos3	POS switches (from-to)	Explanation
+Der1				Position tag, required
	+Der2			Position tag, required
		+Der3		Position tag, required
+Der/htalle			VV	Passive, frekeventative
+Der/lg			VV	Passive
+Der/ijes			NA	Nomen agentis
+Der/ihks			VA	(Handlernomen- tilbøyelig til å utføre den handlingen som grunnordet angir)
+Der/les			VA	Intensive
+Der/ldihkie			VA
+Der/ldahke			VA	Resultatnomen (?)
+Der/ldh			VA	Attributt
+Der/ht			VV	Causative
+Der/l			VV	Subitive
+Der/st			VV	Diminutive, Subitive
+Der/d			VV	Continuative, Konative, Frequentative, Refleksive, Momentan
+Der/Car				-hts, Caritive, was Der/heapmi in sme
+Der/htj			NN	Dim-cont, Frequentative
+Der/Dimin			NN	Diminutive
+Der/Rec			NN	Forholdsformer
+Der/laakan			AAdv	adverb
+Der/laaketje			AA	adjektiv
+Der/Comp			AA	adjektiv
+Der/Superl			AA	adjektiv
	+Der/vuota		AN	Noun
	+Der/adte		VV	Frequentative, Kontinuativ
	+Der/alla		VV	Frequentative
	+Der/eds		NA	Attributt
		+Der/PassL	VV	long only
		+Der/NomAg	VN	Nomen Agentis
		+Der/NomAct	VN	Nomen Actionis
		+Der/ahtje	VV	Inchoative
		+Der/InchL	VV	Inchoative

Other, non-positional derivations

All non-positional derivations should be preceded by the following tag, to make it possible to target regular expressions in all derivations in a language-independent way: just specify [+Der](+Der1 .. +Der5) and you are set.

+Der: Tag to precede any non-positional derivation

Derivation tag	POS switch	Explanation
+Der/PassS	VV	short passive only
+Der/A	NA	comparation of N’s

Tags for originating language

The following tags are used to guide conversion to IPA: loan words and foreign names are usually pronounced (approximately) as in the originating (majority) language. Instead of trying to identify the correct pronunciation based on phonotactics (orthotactics actually), we tag all words that can’t be correctly transcribed using the SMA transcriber with source language codes. Once tagged, it is possible to apply different IPA conversions to each of them. The principle of tagging is that we only tag to the extent needed, and following a priority:

any untagged word is pronounced with native orthographic conventions
NNO and NOB have identical pronunciation, NNO is only used if different in spelling from NOB
SWE has mostly the same pronunciation as NOB, and is only used if different in spelling from NOB
Occasionally even SMA (the default) may be tagged, to block other languages from being specified, mainly during semi-automatic language tagging sessions All in all, we want to get as much correctly transcribed to IPA with as little work as possible. On the other hand, if more words are tagged than strictly needed, this should pose no problem as long as the IPA conversion is correct - at least some words will get the same pronunciation whether read as SMA or NOB/NNO/SWE.

Originating language tag	Originating language
+OLang/SME	North Sámi
+OLang/SMA	South Sámi
+OLang/SMJ	Lule Sámi
+OLang/FIN	Finnish
+OLang/SWE	Swedish
+OLang/NOB	Norw. bokmål
+OLang/NNO	Norw. nynorsk
+OLang/ENG	English
+OLang/RUS	Russian
+OLang/UND	Undefined
+OLang/PARA	parallelle navn, navnet skal ikke overføres til andre samisk språk

Area tags

+Area/SE = In Sweden
+Area/NO = In Norway

Triggers for morphophonological rules

X2 : Trigger for e:0 before suffix i: manne > mannine
X3: Trigger for e->i in even syllabic verbs Du3
X4: Trigger for e->i in even syllabic verbs Du2 & Pl12
E2: insert e ! Fjern denne.

Morphophonemes and Sámi letters

e9 twol rule override, so that e doesn’t turn into i infront of j
o9 twol rule override, so that o doesn’t turn into u infront of j

Symbols that need to be escaped on the lower side (towards twolc):

»7: Literal »
«7: Literal «
%[%>%]: Literal >
%[%<%]: Literal <

Lexeme disambiguation tags

+Hom1: Homonymy
+Hom2: Homonymy

Stem variant tags

+v1: variant 1
+v2: variant 2
+v3: variant 3
+v4: variant 4
+v5: variant 5
+v6: variant 6
+v7: variant 7

The clitic boundary mark

A multichar that usually just goes to zero:

|»

Umlaut and diphthong simplification triggers

Trigger	Explanation
%^DISIMP	diphthong simplification
%^COMPDISIMP	diphthong simplification in comparatives
%^COMPDISIMP2	diphthong simplification in comparatives, type 2
%^COMPDISIMP3	diphthong simplification
%^PLCDISIMP	diphthong simplification in ACCRA-names
%^NOMAGieDISIMP	diphthong simplification for NomAg ie stems
%^1UML	a-uml, like 1sg prs, perf.part of båetedh/V-I, and ill sg of -ie nouns
%^2UML	dark e, as 3sg prs & perf.part of tjearodh/V-II, and ill sg of -oe nouns
%^3UML	adj Umlaut oeh:an
%^3sUML	a-uml in 3sg prs of V-IV (roehtedh - ruahta)
%^3dUML	ie-uml in 1du & 3pl prs of V-IV (roehtedh - ruehtien)
%^iæUML	not used
%^iUML	i-uml in pret of V-I (båetedh - böötim)
%^PASSUML	Short passive Umlaut Rx->R5
%^didhUML	Der/d Umlaut for GUARKEDH-words
%^htjidhUML	Umlaut für der/htjidh derivations
%^adteUML	Umlaut für Der/adte and Der/alla derivations
%^aLATUS	Latus-Umlaut for -ie stems
%^uLATUS	Latus-Umlaut for -oe stems
%^ConsDel	Stem consonant deletion in front of Der/PassL
%^ILLELA	Stem vowel changes in Illative an Elative
%^PLGENPLCOM	Stem vowel changes in final from e -> i, and withoaut -j-
%^COMESS	Stem vowel changes in ACCRA-names
∑	Symbol used before `#` and `-` in dynamic compounds, and only there. Used to block optional conversion of word boundaries to spaces for error detection in grammar checkers. That is, dynamic compounds are not allowed to be written appart for error detection, only lexicalised ones. This is done to reduce the amound of ambiguity in the raw analyses to an amount we can cope with.

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using the following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:

Flag	Explanation
@P.NeedNoun.ON@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@D.NeedNoun.ON@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@C.NeedNoun@	(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
@R.ErrOrth.ON@

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm.

Flag	Explanation
@P.CmpFrst.FALSE@	Require that words tagged as such only appear first
@D.CmpPref.TRUE@	Block such words from entering ENDLEX
@P.CmpPref.FALSE@	Block these words from making further compounds
@D.CmpLast.TRUE@	Block such words from entering R
@D.CmpNone.TRUE@	Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding
@U.CmpNone.FALSE@	Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding
@U.CmpNone.TRUE@	Combines with the two previous ones to block compounding
@P.CmpOnly.TRUE@	Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R
@D.CmpOnly.FALSE@	Disallow words coming directly from root.
@U.CmpHyph.FALSE@	Flag to control hyphenated compounds like proper nouns
@U.CmpHyph.TRUE@	Flag to control hyphenated compounds like proper nouns
@C.CmpHyph@	Flag to control hyphenated compounds like proper nouns

Flag	Explanation
@U.Cap.Obl@	Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
@U.Cap.Opt@	Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

The following flag diacritics are used by the grammar checker.

Flag	Explanation
@R.SpellRlx.ON@	Flag used to tag spell-relax-analysed strings (and only those).
@D.SpellRlx.ON@	Flag used to tag spell-relax-analysed strings (and only those).
@C.SpellRlx@	Flag used to tag spell-relax-analysed strings (and only those).
@P.Pmatch.Loc@	Used on multi-token analyses; tell hfst-tokenise/pmatch where in the form/analysis the token should be split.
@P.Pmatch.Backtrack@	Used on single-token analyses; tell hfst-tokenise/pmatch to backtrack by reanalysing the substrings before and after this point in the form (to find combinations of shorter analyses that would otherwise be missed)

Lexicon Root

This is the beginning of everything. The Root lexicon is reserved in the LexC language, and must be the first lexicon defined.

Here is the list of top-level lexica in the South Sámi analyser:

Abbreviation ;
Acronym ;
Adjective ;
Adposition ;
Adverb ;
Conjunction ;
Interjection ;
NounRoot ;
Numeral ;
Particle ;
Prefixes ;
Pronoun ;
ProperNoun ;
Punctuation ;
Subjunction ;
Symbols ;
Verb ;

Lexicon ENDLEX

And this is the ENDLEX of everything:

@D.CmpOnly.FALSE@@D.CmpPref.TRUE@@D.NeedNoun.ON@ ENDLEX2 ;

The @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ flag diacritic is ued to disallow words tagged with +CmpNP/Only to end here. The @D.NeedNoun.ON@ flag diacritic is used to block illegal compounds.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc