Documenting the Wangkajunga root.lexc file
This files documents the Wangkajunga root.lexc file.
Analysis symbols
The morphological analyses of wordforms for the Wangkajunga
language are presented in this system in terms of the following symbols.
(It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).
The parts-of-speech are:
- +N
- +A
- +Adv
- +V
- +Pron
- +CS
- +CC
- +Adp
- +Po
- +Pr
- +Interj
- +Pcle
- +Num
Transitivity:
- +IV Intransitive (i.e. with Abs)
- +TV Transitive (i.e. with Erg + Abs)
nominal cases
- +Abs
- +Erg
- +Dat
- +Abl
- +Gen
- +Loc
- +Perl
- +All
- +Avoid
- +Der/Foc = derivational tags
- +Der/SpatAbl
- +Der/SpatAll
- +Der/TempLoc
- +Inch NB from the reference book, inchoative is used as verbalisation
pronoun clitics
- +Pron/Clt
- +1Sg +2Sg +3Sg
- +1Du +2Du +3Du
- +1Pl +2Pl +3Pl
- +Incl +Excl
- +Acs +Refl Acs = Accessory = locative or allative
- +Subj Subj = abs with intransitive verb, erg with transitive verb
other cases are declared elsewhere - Dat, Abs, Abl.
Verb affixes
tense inflections
- +Prs Present Tense
- +Perf +Imprt +Pst +PstNar +Fut
imperfect tense inflections for Imperfective: Past, Past Habitual, Future, Imperative
- +Imperf +PstHbt
- +Irr = Irrealis
- +Admon = Admonitive
- +Int = Intentive
- +Unr = Unrealised
- +Purp = Purposive
- +Oblig = Obligative
- +Hyp = Hypothetical
- +Char = Characteristic (*payi may behave differently - nominalisation?)
affixes following from irrealis inflections
- +Contr Contradictive
- +Avoid Avoidance
serial and nominalised inflections
- +Ser Serial
- +Nomz Nominaliser
verb derivation affixes
- +Act -ti nominal -> IT verb. changes position/stance meaning to action.
- +Caus/Make -ma nominal -> T verb. (particularly for attributes)
- +Caus/PutTo -ju nominal -> T verb.
temporal relative affix
verb directional affixes
- +Directional/towards ni (suffix / infix)
- Directional/away+ maa (prefix)
- Directional/around+ parra (prefix)
verb post-inflection affixes
- +Grp = group (different to GROUP as derivational nominal suffix)
- +Compl = completed action
- +Warn = warning
verb compounds
- +Compound/put = jurra
- +Compound/hit = puwa
- +Compound/have = kanyila
- +Compound/carry = kati
- +Compound/go = yarra
- +Compound/lie = ngarrin
- +Compound/get_up = pakala
- +Compound/mouth_action = jarra
Reduplication
Clitics
- ^P^A +Pa =
- +Clt/Foc =
- +Clt/Prob = kirli
- +Clt/contrary_to_expectation lka
- +Clt/really =
- +Clt/Cert = ngulyu
- +Clt/Rep = nyu
- +Clt/Dub = pa
- +Clt/Emph = kaja, rtuka, rtu
- +Clt/while = kaji
- +Clt/when = la
- +Clt/then = yila, lta
- +Voc = voc
Demonstrative affixes #TODO: add more meaning to tag names?
- +SentMod
- +Dem/ngula +Dem/pa only with yangka. In book +Rel +Pa
- +Dem/na +Dem/janu in book +Foc +Abl
- +Dem/janulu only with palunya
Flag diacritics for verb conjugations
- @U.CONJ.Ø@
- @U.CONJ.WA@
- @U.CONJ.RRA@
- @U.CONJ.LA@
Flag diacritics for noun cases
DCASE = derivational case
- @U.DCASE.HAV@
- @U.DCASE.THING@
- @U.DCASE.PRIV@
- @U.DCASE.INT@
- @U.DCASE.WANT@
- @U.DCASE.ASST@
- @U.DCASE.TEMP@
- @U.DCASE.DWELL@
- @U.DCASE.SIDE@
- @U.DCASE.TYPE@
- @U.DCASE.SIM@
- @U.DCASE.CONTR@
- @U.DCASE.MOD@
- @U.DCASE.BIG@
- @U.DCASE.ANOTH@
- @U.DCASE.VERY@
- @U.DCASE.NUM@
- @U.DCASE.DUAL@
- @U.DCASE.FEW@
- @U.DCASE.PL@
- @U.DCASE.GRP@
- @U.DCASE.PAIR@
- @U.DCASE.ONLY@
- @U.DCASE.FOC@
corresponding D-flags
- @D.DCASE.HAV@
- @D.DCASE.THING@
- @D.DCASE.PRIV@
- @D.DCASE.INT@
- @D.DCASE.WANT@
- @D.DCASE.ASST@
- @D.DCASE.TEMP@
- @D.DCASE.DWELL@
- @D.DCASE.SIDE@
- @D.DCASE.TYPE@
- @D.DCASE.SIM@
- @D.DCASE.CONTR@
- @D.DCASE.MOD@
- @D.DCASE.BIG@
- @D.DCASE.ANOTH@
- @D.DCASE.VERY@
- @D.DCASE.NUM@
- @D.DCASE.DUAL@
- @D.DCASE.FEW@
- @D.DCASE.PL@
- @D.DCASE.GRP@
- @D.DCASE.PAIR@
- @D.DCASE.ONLY@
- @D.DCASE.FOC@
SCASE = semantic case
- @U.SCASE.ABL@
- @U.SCASE.GEN@
- @U.SCASE.LOC@
- @U.SCASE.PERL@
- @U.SCASE.ALL@
corresponding D-flags
- @D.SCASE.ABL@
- @D.SCASE.GEN@
- @D.SCASE.LOC@
- @D.SCASE.PERL@
- @D.SCASE.ALL@
Flag diacritics for clitics (to ensure the same clitic does not appear twice on a single word)
CLT = clitic
- @U.CLT.FOC@
- @U.CLT.KIRLI@
- @U.CLT.LKA@
- @U.CLT.YILTA@
- @U.CLT.CERT@
- @U.CLT.REP@
- @U.CLT.DUB@
- @U.CLT.EMPH@
- @U.CLT.KAJI@
- @U.CLT.LA@
- @U.CLT.LTA@
- @U.CLT.YILA@
corresponding D-flags
- @D.CLT.FOC@
- @D.CLT.KIRLI@
- @D.CLT.LKA@
- @D.CLT.YILTA@
- @D.CLT.CERT@
- @D.CLT.REP@
- @D.CLT.DUB@
- @D.CLT.EMPH@
- @D.CLT.KAJI@
- @D.CLT.LA@
- @D.CLT.LTA@
- @D.CLT.YILA@
Flag diacritics for pronoun clitics (to ensure the same case is not used twice within a cluster).
CLCASE = pronoun clitic case TODO: consider changing name to PCCASE
- @U.CLCASE.S@
- @U.CLCASE.ABS@
- @U.CLCASE.DAT@
- @U.CLCASE.ACS@
- @U.CLCASE.ABL@
- @U.CLCASE.REFL@
corresponding D-flags
- @D.CLCASE.S@
- @D.CLCASE.ABS@
- @D.CLCASE.DAT@
- @D.CLCASE.ACS@
- @D.CLCASE.ABL@
- @D.CLCASE.REFL@
integrate the things to come:
The parts of speech are further split up into:
- +Prop +Pers +Dem +Interr +Refl +Recipr +Rel +Indef +Temp +Spat
The nominals are inflected in the following Case and Number
- +Sg +Du +Pl
- +Ess +Nom +Gen +Acc +Ill +Loc +Com +Com/Sh
The possession is marked as such:
- +PxSg1 +PxSg2 +PxSg3 +PxDu1 +PxDu2 +PxDu3 +PxPl1 +PxPl2 +PxPl3
- +Comp +Superl
Numerals are classified under:
- +Attr +Card
- +Ord
Verb moods are:
- +Ind +Prs +Prt +Cond +Imprt
- +Inf +Ger +ConNeg +Neg +PrsPrc +PrfPrc +Sup +VGen +VAbess
Abbreviated words are classified with:
- +ABBR +ACR
- +Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, ©
Special symbols are classified with:
- +CLB +PUNCT +LEFT +RIGHT
The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity:
- +TV +IV
Special multiword units are analysed with:
- +Multi
Non-dictionary words can be recognised with:
- +Guess
Question and Focus particles:
Semantics are classified with
- +Sem/Spat
- +Sem/Temp
- +Sem/Mal
- +Sem/Fem
- +Sem/Sur
- +Sem/Plc
- +Sem/Org
- +Sem/Obj
- +Sem/Ani
- +Sem/Hum
- +Sem/Plant
- +Sem/Group
- +Sem/Time
- +Sem/Txt
- +Sem/Route
- +Sem/Measr
- +Sem/Wthr
- +Sem/Build
- +Sem/Edu
- +Sem/Veh
- +Sem/Clth
source and target part-of-speech.
Morphophonology
Flag diacritics
We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following
flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds
with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again:
| Flag |
Explanation [ |
| [——[————- |
|
| @P.NeedNoun.ON@ |
(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised |
| @D.NeedNoun.ON@ |
(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised |
| @C.NeedNoun@ |
(Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised |
For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed
to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is
handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will
do no harm.
| Flag |
Explanation [ |
| [——[————- |
|
| @P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ |
Require that words tagged as such only appear first |
| @D.CmpPref.TRUE@ |
Block such words from entering ENDLEX |
| @P.CmpPref.FALSE@ |
Block these words from making further compounds |
| @D.CmpLast.TRUE@ |
Block such words from entering R |
| @D.CmpNone.TRUE@ |
Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding |
| @U.CmpNone.FALSE@ |
Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding |
| @P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ |
Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R |
| @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ |
Disallow words coming directly from root. |
Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper
nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use
these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing
given the proper use of these flags.
| Flag |
Explanation [ |
| [——[————- |
|
| @U.Cap.Obl@ |
Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. |
| @U.Cap.Opt@ |
Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. |
LEXIXON Root
The word forms in Wangkajunga language start from the lexeme roots of basic
word classes, or optionally from prefixes:
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc