Finite state and Constraint Grammar based analysers, proofing tools and other resources
View the project on GitHub giellalt/lang-pma
All doc-comment documentation in one large file.
Adjective inflection The Paamese language adjectives compare.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adjectives.lexc
So far only px suffixes have been added. The nouns are divided by alienability, but so far both noun types point to the same px lexicon.
LEXICON Cases is a dummy lexicon.
LEXICON nouns is for unclassified nouns awaiting a decision on al vs inal.
LEXICON inal is for inalienable nouns (head, hand, …)
LEXICON al is for alienable nouns (all other words)
LEXICON px gives the suffixes from the Wikipedia article.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/nouns.lexc
Nothing done so far.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/propernouns.lexc
Nothing has been done here so far.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/symbols.lexc
Nothing has been done so far.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs.lexc
ā ē ī ō ū.
Vow = a e i o u ;
RULE: R realisation as consonant = vora - Vopora
RULE: E realisation as vowel = vora - vOpora
RULE: Initial stem consonant change = vora - voPora
vo0pora
do0rora
RULE: Delete affix initial -i- = for e- and o- stems in the Px declension.
RULE: i is backed to u before u over a morpheme boundary
RULE: e is backed to o where there is a following u = This rule applies only when the front vowel precedes the back vowel, and not when it follows the back vowel. This rule is stated without reference to any morpheme boundaries. We should consider %< instead of %> (for prefixes)
RULE: Vowel deletion in stem medial position = works in stem medial position, a vowel is deleted between an identical vowel and any other vowel, either preceding or following it
RULE: e raising = e raises to i between the vowels o and a on the one hand, and the vowels a and a on the other.
RULE: e deletion = e is deleted whenever it occurs in the sequence iea
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc
INTRODUCTION TO THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF Paamese LANGUAGE.
The morphological analyses of wordforms for the Paamese language are presented in this system in terms of the following symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).
The parts-of-speech are: The parts of speech are further split up into:
The Usage extents are marked using following tags:
The nominals are inflected in the following Case and Number +Sg +Du +Pl +Pauc note the paucal.
Reduplication tags (to be revised with flags)
Inclusivity +Incl +Excl for inclusive and exclusive pronouns.
The possession is marked as such: The comparative forms are: Numerals are classified under: Verb moods are: Verb personal forms are:
prefixes to be looked into
Other verb forms are
Question and Focus particles:
Semantics are classified with
Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech.
Morphophonology To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files:
And following triggers to control variation
We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again: | @P.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @D.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @C.NeedNoun@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm. | @P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ | Require that words tagged as such only appear first | @D.CmpPref.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering ENDLEX | @P.CmpPref.FALSE@ | Block these words from making further compounds | @D.CmpLast.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering R | @D.CmpNone.TRUE@ | Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding | @U.CmpNone.FALSE@ | Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding | @P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ | Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R | @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ | Disallow words coming directly from root.
Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags. | @U.Cap.Obl@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. | @U.Cap.Opt@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
| Flag diacritic | Explanation | :————- |:———– | @U.number.one@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.two@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.three@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.four@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.five@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.six@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.seven@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.eight@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.nine@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; | @U.number.zero@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; The word forms in Paamese language start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes, or optionally from prefixes:
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc
Nothing done so far.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adjectives.lexc
Only a handful of words so far.
LEXICON ordinary_nouns
lohon:loho inal “child” ;
A long list of nouns to be revised.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/nouns.lexc
Numerals Numerals in the Paamese language are numbers.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/numerals.lexc
Prefixes in the Paamese language are bound to beginning of other words.
Below are subject-mood prefixes so I sent them to Verbs (not Mood) (Simon) I am not sure why we have ni+ at the beginning? (Simon)
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/prefixes.lexc
Pronouns Pronouns in the Paamese language are references to things.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/pronouns.lexc
Verbs Verbs in the Paamese language are actions.
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/verbs.lexc
retroflex plosive, voiceless t ʈ 0288, 648 ( = ASCII 096)
retroflex plosive, voiced d ɖ 0256, 598
labiodental nasal F ɱ 0271, 625
retroflex nasal n ɳ 0273, 627
palatal nasal J ɲ 0272, 626
velar nasal N ŋ 014B, 331
uvular nasal N\ ɴ 0274, 628
bilabial trill B\ ʙ 0299, 665
uvular trill R\ ʀ 0280, 640
alveolar tap 4 ɾ 027E, 638
retroflex flap r ɽ 027D, 637
bilabial fricative, voiceless p\ ɸ 0278, 632
bilabial fricative, voiced B β 03B2, 946
dental fricative, voiceless T θ 03B8, 952
dental fricative, voiced D ð 00F0, 240
postalveolar fricative, voiceless S ʃ 0283, 643
postalveolar fricative, voiced Z ʒ 0292, 658
retroflex fricative, voiceless s ʂ 0282, 642
retroflex fricative, voiced z` ʐ 0290, 656
palatal fricative, voiceless C ç 00E7, 231
palatal fricative, voiced j\ ʝ 029D, 669
velar fricative, voiced G ɣ 0263, 611
uvular fricative, voiceless X χ 03C7, 967
uvular fricative, voiced R ʁ 0281, 641
pharyngeal fricative, voiceless X\ ħ 0127, 295
pharyngeal fricative, voiced ?\ ʕ 0295, 661
glottal fricative, voiced h\ ɦ 0266, 614
alveolar lateral fricative, vl. K alveolar lateral fricative, vd. K\
labiodental approximant P (or v) alveolar approximant r\ retroflex approximant r` velar approximant M\
retroflex lateral approximant l`
palatal lateral approximant L
velar lateral approximant L
Clicks
bilabial O\ (O = capital letter)
dental |
(post)alveolar !\
palatoalveolar =\
alveolar lateral ||
Ejectives, implosives
ejective > e.g. ejective p p> implosive < e.g. implosive b b< Vowels
close back unrounded M close central unrounded 1 close central rounded } lax i I lax y Y lax u U
close-mid front rounded 2 close-mid central unrounded @\ close-mid central rounded 8 close-mid back unrounded 7
schwa ə @
open-mid front unrounded E open-mid front rounded 9 open-mid central unrounded 3 open-mid central rounded 3\ open-mid back unrounded V open-mid back rounded O
ash (ae digraph) { open schwa (turned a) 6
open front rounded & open back unrounded A open back rounded Q Other symbols
voiceless labial-velar fricative W voiced labial-palatal approx. H voiceless epiglottal fricative H\ voiced epiglottal fricative <\ epiglottal plosive >\
alveolo-palatal fricative, vl. s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ Suprasegmentals
primary stress “
secondary stress %
long :
half-long :\
extra-short _X
linking mark -
Tones and word accents
level extra high _T level high _H level mid _M level low _L level extra low _B downstep ! upstep ^ (caret, circumflex)
contour, rising contour, falling _F contour, high rising _H_T contour, low rising _B_L
contour, rising-falling _R_F
(NB Instead of being written as diacritics with _, all prosodic
marks can alternatively be placed in a separate tier, set off
by < >, as recommended for the next two symbols.)
global rise
voiceless 0 (0 = figure), e.g. n_0 voiced _v aspirated _h more rounded _O (O = letter) less rounded _c advanced _+ retracted _- centralized _” syllabic = (or _=) e.g. n= (or n=) non-syllabic _^ rhoticity `
breathy voiced _t creaky voiced _k linguolabial _N labialized _w palatalized ‘ (or _j) e.g. t’ (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\
dental d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g. A~ (or A~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _}
velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/phonetics/txt2ipa.xfscript
We describe here how abbreviations are in Paamese are read out, e.g. for text-to-speech systems.
For example:
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc
% komma% :, Root ; % tjuohkkis% :%. Root ; % kolon% :%: Root ; % sárggis% :%- Root ; % násti% :%* Root ;
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-numbers-digit2text.lexc
This section lists all the tags inherited from the fst, and used as tags in the syntactic analysis. The next section, Sets, contains sets defined on the basis of the tags listed here, those set names are not visible in the output.
BOS EOS
N A Adv V Pron CS CC CC-CS Po Pr Pcle Num Interj ABBR ACR CLB LEFT RIGHT WEB PPUNCT PUNCT
COMMA ¶
Pers Dem Interr Indef Recipr Refl Rel Coll NomAg Prop Allegro Arab Romertall
Nom Acc Gen Ill Loc Com Ess Ess Sg Du Pl Cmp/SplitR Cmp/SgNom Cmp/SgGen Cmp/SgGen PxSg1 PxSg2 PxSg3 PxDu1 PxDu2 PxDu3 PxPl1 PxPl2 PxPl3 Px
Comp Superl Attr Ord Qst IV TV Prt Prs Ind Pot Cond Imprt ImprtII Sg1 Sg2 Sg3 Du1 Du2 Du3 Pl1 Pl2 Pl3 Inf ConNeg Neg PrfPrc VGen PrsPrc Ger Sup Actio VAbess
Err/Orth
Sem/Act Sem/Ani Sem/Atr Sem/Body Sem/Clth Sem/Domain Sem/Feat-phys Sem/Fem Sem/Group Sem/Lang Sem/Mal Sem/Measr Sem/Money Sem/Obj Sem/Obj-el Sem/Org Sem/Perc-emo Sem/Plc Sem/Sign Sem/State-sick Sem/Sur Sem/Time Sem/Txt
HUMAN
PROP-ATTR PROP-SUR
TIME-N-SET
@+FAUXV @+FMAINV @-FAUXV @-FMAINV @-FSUBJ> @-F<OBJ @-FOBJ> @-FSPRED<OBJ @-F<ADVL @-FADVL> @-F<SPRED @-F<OPRED @-FSPRED> @-FOPRED> @>ADVL @ADVL< @<ADVL @ADVL> @ADVL @HAB> @<HAB @>N @Interj @N< @>A @P< @>P @HNOUN @INTERJ @>Num @Pron< @>Pron @Num< @OBJ @<OBJ @OBJ> @OPRED @<OPRED @OPRED> @PCLE @COMP-CS< @SPRED @<SPRED @SPRED> @SUBJ @<SUBJ @SUBJ> SUBJ SPRED OPRED @PPRED @APP @APP-N< @APP-Pron< @APP>Pron @APP-Num< @APP-ADVL< @VOC @CVP @CNP OBJ