The Livvi Karelian morphophonological/twolc rules file

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

Alphatbet, sets

a b c č d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s š ş t u v w y z ž ƶ ü ä ö A B C Č D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S Š Ş T U V W Y Z Ž Ƶ Ü Ä Ö y Y

%{aä%}:a %{aä%}:ä

%{aoeInf%}:a Back vowel infinitive marker %{äöeInf%}:ä Front vowel infinitive marker

• %{aäoeöuiy%}:ä with partitive type koivuu
• %{aäoeö%}:ä newer This is for diphthongs such as the infinitive marker after i and u stems ampuo
• %{aäuyiØ%}:ä in participle endings anticipating PÄIVY or KOIRU type

%{ui%}:i in imperative before %{aä%}:

%{oö%}:o %{oö%}:ö

%{oöØ%}:0 Used in present participle

%{uy%}:y

%{ijPRC%}:j participle

• %{lnrs%}:n e.g. in perfect participles
• %{dtlnr%}:d e.g. infinitive and Ind+Prs+Pl3

this appears in the illative V1:a V1:e V1:i V1:o V1:u V1:y V1:ä V1:ö

These appear with the inessive and adessive V2:a V2:e V2:i V2:o V2:u V2:y V2:ä V2:ö

These reduplicate the preceding vowel if it in turn is preceded by a consonant V3:a V3:e V3:i V3:o V3:u V3:y V3:ä V3:ö V3:0

%^DEVOICE:0
%^VOICE:0 pestä : pezen

%^SyllBound:0

%^KS2S:0

no change The example here is for something that should not be done We have two infinite sets, Livvi Karelian and incoming loanwords. The original idea was to make a rule changing all instances of adjacent double aa to ua. For this reason a special trigger was to be inserted into the lexc stem of a word to prevent such a rule from occurring. Since the infinite Livvi Karelian set is more predictable and perhaps smaller than the incoming loanword set, it is better to literally spell out adjacent vowels that are constant. 2019-09-02 JMR %^NONE:0 This will break vowel change, e.g. sa%^NONEamelaine

%^Pen:0 pagisou paistah in combination with WGStem to trigger

%^D2Z:0 ! The ti => zi

%^E2O:0 the e => o, e => ö

%^Ä2I:0 ä => i %^A2UÄ2I:0 a => u, ä => i

%^ILoss:0 the i => 0 reboi reboloi %^V2U:0 v => y kävvä käydy

_%^RVow:0 _ _%^RmVow:0 _ vowel removal, e.g. with superlative

Triggers dictating right context phenomena

• _%{back%}:0 _ back harmony until harmony boundary, i.e. word boundary
• _%{front%}:0 _ front harmony until harmony boundary, i.e. word boundary

Sets

Right context for gradation

Rules

Rule: %{aä%}:a kuvitella+V+Inf: imagine/kuvitella

• kuvittel%{back%}%^WGStem%>%{lnrs%}%{aä%}%^WGStem
• kuvi0tel00%>la0

Rule: %{aä%}:ä ezitellä+V+Inf: present/esitellä

• ezittel%{front%}%^WGStem%>%{lnrs%}%{aä%}%^WGStem
• ezi0tel00%>lä0

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:a

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:ä heittiä+V+Inf: throw/heittää

• heittä%{front%}%>%{aäoeö%}
• heitti0%>ä

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:o

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:e

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:ö

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:a

• Puavil{back}u>{aäoeöuiy}
• Puavil0u>a

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:ä

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:o

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:e

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:ö

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:u

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:i

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:y

Rule: e:0

Rule: %{ui%}:u

* %{front%}:0  ! imperative forms
* *kanda%{back%}%>kk%{ui%}%{aä%}mm%{oö%}*
* *kanda0%>kkuammo*

Rule: %{ui%}:i

* %{front%}:0  ! imperative forms
* *lʼykkä%{front%}%^WGStem%>kk%{ui%}%{aä%}mm%{oö%}*
* *lʼyk0ä00%>kkiämmö*

Rule: %{ui%}:i Rule: %{ui%}:i Rule: %{ui%}:i

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:a

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:u

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:ä

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:y

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:i

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:0

a:u before subsequent a Diphthong a+a => ua

ostua+V+Inf: buy/ostaa

• osta%>%{aä%} examples:*

• ostu%>%{aä%} examples:*

ä:i before subsequent A2 Diphthong ä+ä => iä

kehittiä+V+Inf: develop/kehittää

• kehittä%>%{aä%} examples:*

• kehitti%>ä examples:*

o:u before subsequent o Diphthong o+o => uo erota:eruou

• ero%>%{oö%}%>n examples:*

• eru0o%>n examples:*

• runo%>%{oö%} examples:*

• runu%>o examples:*

• jo%>vv%{aä%} examples:*

• ju%>vva examples:*

ö:y before subsequent ö Diphthong ö+ö, ö+%{oö%}:ö => yö

• sö%>ö%>y examples:*

• sy%>ö%>y examples:*

• pöllö%>ö examples:*

• pölly%>ö examples:*

• sö%>vvä examples:*

• sy%>vvä examples:*

e:i before subsequent :e Diphthong o+o => uo erota:eruou

* valge%>e%^WGStem%>t examples:*

* valgi%>e00t examples:*

* hävi%>%{aäPar%}%>n examples:*

* hävi%>e0n examples:*

* tiedo%^WGStem%>n examples:*

* tiijo0%>n examples:*

* *väge%{front%}%^WGStem>n*
* *vä0i00%>n*

* luge>%{ijPRC%} examples:*

* lugi%>j examples:*

e:o Vowel harmony suffixes Back

* luge%^E2O%>u examples:*

* lugo%>u examples:*

e:ö Vowel harmony

• käske%^E2O%>y examples:*

• käskö0%>y examples:*

Rule: ä:y word final

Rule: ä:ö word final

Rule: a:0 in suaja:sai

*  a _ (%{back%}:)  %^RmVow:  ;  Vowel shortening before subsequent "i"

* koira%^RmVow%>i%>en examples:*

* koir00%>i%>en examples:*

* koira0%>j%>en examples:*

* vahna%^RmVow%>in examples:*

* vahn00%>in examples:*
* *otta%{back%}%^WGStem%^RmVow%>in*
* *ot00000%>in*

iToj between vowels

Rule: i:j

%{ijPRC%}:i

*  a _ (%{back%}:)  %^RmVow:  ;  +ActPrsPrc

Rule: a:o in the plural and preterite

• muama%{back%}%^A2O
• muamo00

a:e pidiä

• kanda%^WGStem%^E1%>tt%{aäDiph%}s examples:*

• kanne00%>ttas examples:*

• kirjava%^E1%>m%^NONEb examples:*

• kirjave0%>m0b examples:*

ä:e piettih and in comparatives pidiä

• mečästä%{front%}%^E1%>tt%{aä%}s
• mečäste00%>ttäs

Rule: ä:0 pidiä:pidi

Rule: i:0 reboi:reboloi

• rodi%^RmVow%>i%>h
• rod00%>i%>h

%{oö%}:o Vowel harmony suffixes Back %{oö%}:ö Vowel harmony suffixes Front

%{oöØ%}:0 Vowel harmony suffixes Back

%{oöØ%}:o Vowel harmony suffixes Back

• luge%>%{ijPRC%}%>%{oöØ%}%>i%>n examples:*

• lugi%>j%>o%>i%>s examples:*

%{oöØ%}:ö Vowel harmony suffixes Front

%{uy%}:u Vowel harmony suffixes Back

• tul%>%{lnrs%}%{uy%}h
• tul%>luh

%{uy%}:y Vowel harmony suffixes Front

Consonant change

Rule: g:j

* *poiga%^WGStem%>n*
* *poija0%>n*

Rule: g:v

• jog%{back%}e%^WGStem%>n

• jov0e0%>n

• jog%{back%}e%^WGStem%>n
• jov0e0%>n

g:l

• sulga%^WGStem%>n
• sulla0%>n
• jalga%^A2O%>i%^WGStem%>s
• jallo0%>i0%>s sulgu+N+Pl+Ins feather/sulka
• sulga%^RmVow%>i%^WGStem%>n
• sull0%>i0%>n

g:r

* särge%^WGStem%>n examples:*

* särre0%>n examples:*

* kergi%^WGStem%>t%{aäPar%} examples:*

* kerri0%>tä examples:*

d:v

d:v <=> [ ö y: | o u: ] _ [ ä: | a ] (HarmDummy:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
          u a           _   o       (%{back%}:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
          a             _   u       (%{back%}:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
        [ u o: | u: ]   _  [ (%{back%}:) e | a: ]  (%{back%}:) ((%^RmVow:) %> i )    %^WGStem:0 ;  
        [ ä y: ]   _  [(%{front%}:) e | y ]  (%{front%}:) ((%^RmVow:) %> i )    %^WGStem:0 ;  
* *täydy%{front%}%^WGStem*
* *tävvy00*

Rule: v:y d:j

• maido%^WGStem%>n
• maijo0%>n
• tiedo%^WGStem%>n
• tiijo0%>n
• tiedä%^WGStem%>n
• tiijä0%>n

Rule: y:v

• täydy%^WGStem examples:*

• tävvy0 examples:* lʼöydiä:lʼövvä

Rule: u:v juodu+N+Pl+Ade

• juoda%{back%}%^RmVow%>i%^WGStem%>l
• juod000%>i0%>l soudua:sovva

o:v Lengthening with Ut:vv weakening

d:z

• vuod%^D2Z%>i
• vuoz0%>i
• tunde%^RmVow%>i
• tunz00%>i

d:t in partitive

• pagis%>d%{aä%}%^WGStemh examples:*

• pa0is%>ta0h examples:*

Rule: s:z

* s:z <=> _ (HarmDummy:) %^VOICE:0 ;  pestä: pezen

k:g pestä: peskäh

rd:rr weakening

ld:ll weakening

nd:nn weakening mennä+Ind+Prs+ScPl3: mennäh

• kanda%^WGStem%^E1%>tt%{aä%}s examples:*

• kanne00%>ttas examples:*

rn:rr in prtprc

ln:ll in prtprc

• tul%>%{lnrs%}%{uy%}h
• tul%>luh ezitellä+V+Inf: present/esitellä
• ezittel%{front%}%^WGStem%>%{lnrs%}%{aä%}%^WGStem
• ezi0tel00%>lä0

sn:ss in prtprc

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:d

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:t

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:l tulla+Ind+Prs+ScPl3: tullah

• tul%{back%}%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}
• tul0%>la kuvitella+V+Inf
• kuvittel%{back%}%^WGStem%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}
• kuvi0tel00%>la

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:n

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:r

CONSONANT LOSS

čToZero

* s:z <=> _ (HarmDummy:) %^VOICE:0 ;  suvaija:suvaičen

kToZero aika: ajan

* *lʼykkä%{front%}%^WGStem%>t%{AÄ%}*
* *lʼy0kä00%>tä*
* *abuniekka%{back%}%^A2O%>i%>l*
* *abunie0ko00%>i%>l*
* *liikkeh%{front%}%^WGStem*
* *lii0keh00*

gToZero aika: ajan

• väge%{front%}%^WGStem>n
• vä0i00%>n
• pagis%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}h
• pa0is000%>tah

ezitellä+V+Inf: present/esitellä

• ezittel%{front%}%^WGStem%>%{lnrs%}%{aä%}%^WGStem

• ezi0tel00%>lä0

• tavoitteh%^WGStem examples:*

• tavoi0teh0 examples:*

• kuul%>t%{aä%}%^WGStem
• kuul%>la0

b:v

Rule: b:m

b:m <=> m _ [ a | i ] (HarmDummy:) %^WGStem:0 ;

p:0 in lapsi

• kuoppa%{back%}%^WGStem%^RmVow%>i%>l
• kuo0p0000%>i%>l

Consonant loss

d:0 pidiä:piän

• pidä%^WGStem%>n examples:*

• pi0ä0%>n examples:*

s:0

• bussa%^WGStem%>l examples:*

• bu0sa0%>l examples:*

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc