Livvi Karelian language model documentation

All doc-comment documentation in one large file.

src-cg3-dependency.cg3.md

C O M M O N S Á M I D E P E N D E N C Y G R A M M A R

This dep file is for sma, sme, smj, sje.

DELIMITERS

Sentence delimiters are the following: <.> <!> <?> <…> <¶>

TAGS AND SETS

N V A Adv CC CS Inf Sup Neg Num Po Pr

Pcle Prop

Pron IV TV COMMA DASH CITATION to keep colouring we add a “ HYPHEN QMARK PUNCT LEFT RIGHT CLB Ind Pot Impr ImprtII Cond ConNeg Caus causative eus VGen Interj ABBR ACR Prs Prt Cmpnd RCmpnd PrfPrc PrsPrc Actor Actio Ger Indef Nom Acc Ill Com Gen Ess

IM For fao

POS sub-categories

Syntactic tags and sets

Syntactic tags in input to this file

Syntactic tags added in this file

@FMV : finite main verb
oaidná: Son oaidná ollislaš gova. - She sees the whole picture
infinite main verb
@FAUX : finite auxiliary verb
ferte: Son ferte oaidnit ollislaš gova. - She must see the whole picture.
@FMVdic : finite main verb introducing direct speech
@IMVdic : infinite main verb introducing direct speech
@FS-IMV : infinite main verb of subclause
@FS-IAUX : infinite auxiliary verb in subclause
@FS-N<IAUX : infinite auxiliary verb of a relative subclause
@FS-N<IMV : infinite main verb of a relative subclause
@FS-OBJ : finite verb in subclause functioning as object
@FS-OBJ> : finite verb in subclause functioning as object
@FS-<OBJ : finite verb in subclause functioning as object
@FS-SUBJ : finite verb in subclause functioning as subject
@FS-SUBJ> : finite verb in subclause functioning as subject
@FS-<SUBJ : finite verb in subclause functioning as subject
@FS-ADVL> : finite verb in subclause functioning as adverbial to the left of the main clause
@FS-<ADVL : finite verb in subclause functioning as adverbial to the right of the main clause
@S< : a clause modifying a sentence to the right of it
@FS-ADVL : finite verb in subclause …
@-FS-<ADVL : infinite subclause - eus
@-FS-ADVL> : infinite subclause - eus
@FS-N< : relative clause to N
@FS->N : relative clause to N to the left side of it - eus
@FS-VFIN< : finite verb in sentence, statement
eai: Idja ii leat šat, eai ge sii dárbbaš lámppá dahje beaivváža čuovgga, dasgo Hearrá Ipmil lea sin čuovga. - The night is not anymore, they do not need the lamp- or day- light either, because God the Lord is their light.
@FS-<APP : finite subclause functioning as an apposition
@ICL-ADVL : non-finite subclause …
@ICL-AUX< : “right” argument of auxiliary (?)
@ICL-OBJ : infinitival clause object
@ICL-SUBJ : infinitival clause subject
@ICL-P< : infinitival clause complement of preprosition
@IAUX : non-finite auxiliary
: main verb. A temporarily tag omitted in the end of the file.
: auxilary verb. A temporarily tag omitted in the end of the file.

fao syntags

kal syntags

@INS :
@<INS :
@INS> :

eus syntags

@FS-SPRED : finite verb in subclause functioning as a subject predicate - eus, but not sure if in use

Syntactic set definitions

Dep grammar

Correction rules

muitalit
XX
XX
XX
faoSumId=Rel

The finite verb

Mapping rules

lgRemove removes the language tags , , etc, before proceeding to the dep file.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/dependency.cg3

src-cg3-disambiguator.cg3.md

Disambiguator for Livvi Karelian

Sets

Sentence delimiters are the following: “<.>” “<…>” “<!>” “<?>” “<¶>”

Part-of-Speech

N = noun
A = adjective
Num = numeral
V = verb
Adv = adverb
Pcle = particle
Pr = preposition
Po = postposition
Pron = pronoun
Interj = interjection

Numerus

Sg = Singular
Pl = Plural
Sg1 = Singular 1.p.
Sg2 = Singular 2.p.
Sg3 = Singular 3.p.
Pl1 = Plural 1.p.
Pl2 = Plural 2.p.
Pl3 = Plural 3.p.

Cases

Nom
Gen
Acc
Par
Ine
Ill
Ela
Ade
Abe
All
Abl
Ess
Tra
Ins
Com
SUBJ-CASE = Nom Par

Types

Prop = Proper noun
Interr = Interrogative
Dem = demonstrative pron
Rel = Relative pron Relpronpl “mikkä ja “jokka” Relpronsg “mikä” ja “joka” Interrpronpl “kuka” ja “mikä”
Pers = Personal pron
Indef = Indef pron
Inf = Infinitive
ConNeg = Conjugated as Negative form
PrfPrc = Perfectum Particip
Imprt = Imperative
Act = Active
Neg = Negation verb
COMMA = comma
Foc/kaan = focus clitic -kaan
Foc/kaan = focus clitic -kaan

Sets with more members

WORD = all PoS
NPMOD = these can modify a noun
NPMODADV = NPMOD plus adverb
NOT-NPMOD = these cannot modify a noun
NOT-NPMODADV = these cannot modify a noun, and is not adverb
QVANT-ADV = e.g. paljon, vähän
KUNKA = e.g. kunka missä (adverbs that start a sentence)

Boundaries

S-BOUNDARY = words that start a sentence

Verbs

SV-BOUNDARY = words that start a sentence and finite verb

Disambiguation rules

Dialects

Early rules

person_test selects finite verb if there is a Pron Pers to the left
adv_after_V selects adverb if there is a verb to the right
prop_infrontof_kieli removes propernoun in fron of kieli, if it kan be something else, e.g. Kainun kieli
PropInit removes propernoun in the beginning of a sentence if it kan be a CC or a Pr (e.g. Mutta)
PropNotInit selects propernoun if it is not in the beginning of a sentence

Possessive suffixes

Numeral phrases

Preposition/postposition/adverb rules

Prifgenpar selects preposition to the left of Gen or Par
Poifgenpar selects postposition to the right of Gen or Par
vasthaan

Rules for mapping @CVP and @CNP on the CC and CS

CVP maps @CVP to CS and mutta
CNPifN maps @CNP to CC between two N
CNPifInf maps @CNP to CC between two Inf

Case rules

Partitive

Genitive

Illative

Number rules

More disambiguation rules

SgNotPl

Elative

Propernouns

Verbs

Specific verbs

ei negation verb

eli

Adverbs

paljon

kerran

jälkhiin

Adjectives

Conjunctions

Subjunctions

että

jos

sillä

Pronouns

Verb rules, Verbs

Infinitive

Present Sg3

Present Pl3 or PrsPrc

Present Pl3 or Passive

Imperative

Past tense

Prt Pl3 or Prt Sg2

Negative verb

Relative pronouns

Pl3ollaifplrelpronandplinterrpron selects Pl3 if olla
Sg3ollaifplrelpronandplinterrpron selects Sg3 if olla
Sg3ollainpretandperf selects Sg3 if COPULAS
Sg3ollainpretandperf selects Sg3 if COPULAS
Relpronandnotintterpron selects Rel Sg if Interr
Relpronandnotintterpron selects Rel Sg if Interr
interrpron selects Interr if ? in the end
DifferenceBetweenNiitäImprtAndNiitäDemAndPersIfSubj selects Pron Dem Pl or Pron Pers Pl3 when finite verb to the right
paljonadvandnotpaljonoun selects Adv if paljon
Relpronifitsanounoracommabeforeit selects Rel Pl if N to the left
annaimperativeandnotannaname removes Prop if Anna se
tulinounfromtuliprtsg3 selects V Sg
dempronandnotpronpers selects Den if A of N to the right
Imperativefromconneg selects and removes ConNeg
ImperativeafterNeg removes Imprt if pronoun
interrel selects Interr of Rel if CS to the right
+FMAINV to the remaining finite verbs which are not AUX

HNOUN MAPPING

@<ADVLcoor (@<ADVL) for ADVLCASEAdv if @CNP to the left and ADVL to the left of it
X maps X everywhere
REMOVE X removes X whenever there is any other tag.
WORDLEMMA = regex giving the lemma in question
errorth removes Err/Orth if there is an analysis without Err/Orth with the same lemma

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/disambiguator.cg3

src-cg3-functions.cg3.md

Sets for POS sub-categories
Sets for Semantic tags
Sets for Morphosyntactic properties
Sets for verbs
V is all readings with a V tag in them, REAL-V should be the ones without an N tag following the V.
The REAL-V set thus awaits a fix to the preprocess V … N bug.
The set COPULAS is for predicative constructions
NP sets defined according to their morphosyntactic features
The PRE-NP-HEAD family of sets

These sets model noun phrases (NPs). The idea is to first define whatever can occur in front of the head of the NP, and thereafter negate that with the expression WORD - premodifiers.

The set NOT-NPMOD is used to find barriers between NPs. Typical usage: … (*1 N BARRIER NPT-NPMOD) … meaning: Scan to the first noun, ignoring anything that can be part of the noun phrase of that noun (i.e., “scan to the next NP head”)

Miscellaneous sets
Border sets and their complements
Syntactic sets

These were the set types.

HABITIVE MAPPING

hab1
hab2
hab3 ( @ADVL>) for hab-actor and hab-case; if leat to the right, and Nom to the right of leat. Lots of restrictions.
habNomLeft
hab4
hab6
hab7
hab8 This is not HAB
hab5 This is not HAB
habDain ( @ADVL>) for (Pron Dem Pl Loc) if leat followed by Nom to the right
habGen ( @<ADVL) hab for Gen; if Gen is located in the end of the sentence and Nom is sentence initial
spred<obj (@SPRED<OBJ) for Acc; the object of an SPRPED. Not to be mistaken with OPRED. If SPRED is to the left, and copulas is to the left of it. Nom or Hab are found sentence initially.
Hab<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas, goallut or jápmit is FMAINV and habitive or human Loc is found to the left. OR: if Ill or @Pron< followed by HAB are found to the left.
Hab>Advlcase<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; it allows adverbials with Ill/Loc/Com/Ess to be found inbetween HAB and .
Nom>Advlcase<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; it allows adverbials with Ill/Loc/Com/Ess to be found inbetween Nom and @<SUBJ.
<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; if copulas to the left, and some kind of adverb, N Loc, time related word or Po to the left of it. OR: if Ill or @Pron< to the left, followed by copulas and the before mentioned to the left of copulas.
<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom, but not for Pers. To the left boahtit or heaŋgát as MAINV, and futher to the left is some kind of place related word, or time related word
<spredQst1 ( @<SUBJ) for Nom in a typically question sentence; if A) Hab, some kind of place word, Po or Nom to the left, and Qst followed by copulas to the left. B) same as a, only the Qst-pcle is attached to copulas. C) Qst to the left, with copulas to its left, but not if two Nom:s are found somewhere to the right. D) copulas to the left, and BOS to the left. E) Loc or Ill to the left, and Loc or Hab to the left of this, Qst and copulas to the left. F) Num @>N to the left, Hab, some kind of place word, Po or Nom to the left, and Qst followed by copulas to the left. NOTE) for all these rules; human, Loc or Sem/Plc not allowed to the right.
<spredQst2 (@<SPRED) for Nom; in a typically question sentence; differs from <spredQst1 by not beeing as restricted to the right. Though you are not allowed to be Pers or human.
Nom<spredQst (@<SPRED) for Nom; in a typically question sentence. Differs from <spredQst2 by letting Nom be found between SPRED and copulas
<spred (@<SPRED) for A Nom or N Nom if; the subject Nom is on the same side of copulas as you: on the right side of copulas
<spredVeara (@<SPRED) for veara + Nom; if genitive immediately to the right, and intransitive mainverb to the right of genitive
leftCop<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas is the main verb to the left, and there is no Ess found to the left of cop (note that Loc is allowed between target and cop). OR: if you are Coll or Sem/Group with copulas to your left.
<spredLocEXPERIMENT (@<SPRED) for material Loc; if you are to the right of copulas, and the Nom to the left of copulas is not a hab-actor
NumTime (@<SPRED) for A Nom
<spredSg (@<SPRED) for Sg Nom
<spredPg (@<SPRED) for Pl Nom
<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas to the left, and Nom or sentence boundary to the left of copulas. First one to the right is EOS.
<spred (@<SPRED) for N Ess
spredEss> (@SPRED>) for N Ess; if copulas to the right of you, and if an NP with nom-case first one to your left.
HABSpredSg> (@SPRED>) for Nom; if habitive first one to the left, followed by copulas.
GalleSpred> (@SPRED>) for Num Nom; if sentence initial
spredSgMII> (@SPRED>)
r492> (@SPRED>) for Interr Gen; consisting only of negations. You are not allowed to be MII. You are not allowed to have an adjective or noun to yor right. You are not allowed to have a verb to your right; the exception beeing an aux.
AdjSpredSg> (@SPRED>) for A Sg Nom; if copulas to the right, but not if A or @<SPRED are found to the right of copulas
SpredSg>Hab (@SPRED>) for Nom; if you are sentence initial, copulas is located to the right, and there is a habitive to the right of copulas
Spred>SubjInf (@SPRED>) for Nom; if copulas to the right, and the subject of copulas is an Inf to the right
spredCoord (@<SPRED) coordination for Nom; only if there already is a SPRED to the left of CNP. Not if there is some kind of comparison involved.
subj>Sgnr1 (@SUBJ>) for Nom Sg, including Indef Nom if; VFIN + Sg3 or Pl3 to the right (VFIN not allowed to the left)
subj>Du (@SUBJ>) for dual nominatives, including Coll Nom. VFIN + Du3 to the right.
subj>Pl (@SUBJ>) for plural nominatives, including Coll and Sem/Group. VFIN + Pl3 to the right.
subj>Pl (@SUBJ>) for plural nominatives
subj>Sgnr2 (@SUBJ>) for Nom Sg; if VFIN + Sg3 to the right.
<subjSg (@<SUBJ) for Nom Sg; if VFIN Sg3 or Du2 to the left (no HAB allowed to the left).
f<advl (@-F<ADVL) for infinite adverbials
f<advl (@-F<ADVL) for infinite adverbials
s-boundary=advl> (@ADVL>) for ADVL that resemble s-booundaries. Mainverb to the right.
-fobj> (@-FOBJ>) for Acc
-fobj> (@-FOBJ>) for Acc
advl>mainV (@ADVL>) if; finite mainverb not found to the left, but the finite mainverb is found to the right.
<advl (@<ADVL) if; finite mainverb found to the left. Not if a comma is found immediately to the left and a finite mainverb is located somewhere to the right of this comma.
<advlPoPr (@<ADVL) if mainverb to the left.
advlPoPr> (@<ADVL) if mainverb to the right.
advlEss> (@<ADVL) for weather and time Ess, if FMAINV to the left.
advl>inbetween (@ADVL>) for Adv; if inbetween two sentenceboundaries where no mainverb is present.
comma<advlEOS (@<ADVL) if; comma found to the left and the finite mainverb to the left of comma. To the right is the end of the sentence.
advlBOS> (@ADVL>) if; you are N Ill and found sentnece initially. First one to your right is a clause.
<advlPoEOS (@<ADVL) for Po; if you are found at the very end of a sentence. A mainverb is needed to the right though.
cleanupILL<advl (@<ADVL) for N Ill if; there are no boundarysymbols to your left, if you arent already @N< OR @APP-N<, and no mainverb is to yor left.
<opredAAcc (@<OPRED) for A Acc; if an other accusative to the left, and a transtive verb to the left of it. OR: if a transitive verb to the left, and an accusative to the left of it.

sma object

<advlEss (@<ADVL) for ESS-ADVL if; FMAINV to the left
<spredEss (@<SPRED) for N Ess if; FMAINV to the left is intransitive or bargat

SUBJ MAPPING - leftovers

OBJ MAPPING - leftovers

HNOUN MAPPING

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/functions.cg3

src-fst-morphology-affixes-abbreviations.lexc.md

LEXICON ab-noun
LEXICON ab-adj
LEXICON ab-adv
LEXICON ab-num

Lexicons without final period

LEXICON ab-nodot-noun The bulk
LEXICON ab-nodot-adj
LEXICON ab-nodot-adv
LEXICON ab-nodot-num

Lexicons with final period

LEXICON ab-dot-noun This is the lexicon for abbrs that must have a period.
LEXICON ab-dot-adj This is the lexicon for abbrs that must have a period.
LEXICON ab-dot-adv This is the lexicon for abbrs that must have a period.
LEXICON ab-dot-num This is the lexicon for abbrs that must have a period.
LEXICON ab-dot-cc
LEXICON ab-dot-verb
LEXICON ab-nodot-verb
LEXICON ab-dot-IVprfprc
LEXICON nodot-attrnomaccgen-infl
LEXICON nodot-attr-infl
LEXICON nodot-nomaccgen-infl
LEXICON dot-attrnomaccgen-infl
LEXICON dot-attr
LEXICON dot-nomaccgen-infl
LEXICON DOT - Adds the dot to dotted abbreviations.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/abbreviations.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-adjectives.lexc.md

Livvi Karelian adjective inflection

Temporary lexica

LEXICON A_

Somewhat open issues

LEXICON A_TULLUT IS THIS LIVVI? tullut:tullu
LEXICON A_EX needs to be changed to @exclude=fst

LEXICON A_BAHUV

LEXICON A_UNDECL undeclinable fin: taipumaton

LEXICON A_IS-N-PL-GEN genitive plural attributes

LEXICON A_IS-N-SG-GEN genitive plural attributes

LEXICON A-DEM_NÄMÄ nämä:nämä

ONE-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS ENDING IN LONG VOWEL SEGMENT

LEXICON A_KUU kuu:kuu

LEXICON A_MUA mua:maa

LEXICON A_PIÄ piä:piä

Ordinary inflection

TWO-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS

LEXICON A_HYVÄ hyvä:hyvä the comparatives and superlatives are supletive

LEXICON A_OZA oza:oza

LEXICON A_SÄYNÄ säynä:säynä

LEXICON A_KALA kala:kala

LEXICON A_KOIVU koivu:koivu

LEXICON A_HERY hery:hery

LEXICON A_LUGU lugu:lugu

LEXICON A_IDY idy:idy

LEXICON A_HÄKKI häkki:häkki

LEXICON A_ARTELI

LEXICON A_ALUS alus:aluks

LEXICON A_KUURNIS kuurnis:kuurne

LEXICON A_PUHTAHUS puhtahus:puhtahu

LEXICON A_OLUT olut:olu

TWO-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEM WITH UNIQUE +Nom+Sg VOWEL

LEXICON A_PÄIVY päivy:päivä

LEXICON A_MUARJU muarju:muarja

LEXICON A_AKKU akku:akka

LEXICON A_VALGEI valgei:valge

LEXICON A_RAHMANNOI rahmannoi:rahmannoi

LEXICON A_PAGIZII pagizii:pagizi

LEXICON A_KESTÄY kestäy:kestä

TWO-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS WITH CONSONANT-FINAL PARTITIVE STEM

THREE-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS

LEXICON A_PAREMBI parembi:paremb

LEXICON A_JIÄTÖI jiätöi:jiät LEXICON A_HUOLETOI huoletoi:huolet LEXICON A_HUOLETOI/JIÄTÖI huoletoi:huolet

LEXICON A_KARJALAINE karjalaine:karjala

LEXICON A_LIYGILÄINE liygiläine:liygilä

LEXICON A_NAINE naine:nai LEXICON A_KIELINE kieline:kieli LEXICON A_NAINE/KIELINE_01 kieline:kieli naine:nai

LEXICON A_TOINE toine:to LEXICON A_TOINE-PL toine:to

THREE-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULAR

LEXICON A_MADAL madal:madal

LEXICON A_PIIRAI piirai:piira

LEXICON A_RAIŠ raiš:ra

LEXICON A_PEREH pereh:pereh

LEXICON A_TULLUH tulluh:tullu

LEXICON A_PESSYH pessyh:pessy

LEXICON A_ARMAS armas:arma

LEXICON A_VARVAS varvas:varva

LEXICON A_TUORES tuores:tuore

LEXICON A_SUARI suari:suar

LEXICON A_KIELI kieli:kiel LEXICON A_SUARI/KIELI_01 suari:suar

LEXICON A_VUOZI vuozi:vuod

LEXICON A_VEZI vezi:ved

LEXICON A_NIMI nimi:nim

LEXICON A_JÄLGI jälgi:jälg front vowel gradation Yes

TWO-SYLLABLE WORD WITH CONSONANT-FINAL STEM

LEXICON A_VAŽEN važen:važe

LEXICON A_LÄMMIN lämmin:lämbi

LEXICON A_TAIGIN taigin:taigin

LEXICON A_SALBOIN salboin:salboi

LEXICON A_ENIN enin:eni

These cases are symmetrically marked for number The next two share the same stem vowel

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adjectives.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-adverbs.lexc.md

Adverbs Livvi Karelian adverbs compare.

LEXICON ADV-IS-ELA-WITH-PXSG3 e.g. levälleh

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adverbs.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-clitics.lexc.md

Clitics Livvi Karelian clitics

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/clitics.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-nouns.lexc.md

Noun inflection

Livvi Karelian nouns inflect in cases. Vowel harmony involves front and back Gradation does not affect all consonants, therefore there are three values: Yes, No and NA (not applicable)

The file proper

ONE-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS ENDING IN LONG VOWEL SEGMENT

LEXICON N_SUO suo:suo Gradation: No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_VYÖ vyö:vyö Gradation: No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_KUU kuu:kuu Gradation: No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PII pii:pii Gradation: No Harmony: front

LEXICON N_MUA mua:mua Gradation: No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PIÄ piä:piä Gradation: No Harmony: Front

TWO-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS

LEXICON N_PAPPI pappi:pappi Gradation: Yes Harmony: Back stem final i is retained

LEXICON N_HÄKKI häkki:häkki Gradation: Yes Harmony: Front stem final i is retained

LEXICON N_LEIRI leiri:leiri Gradation NA Harmony: Front stem final i is retained

LEXICON N_PADA pada:pada Gradation Yes Harmony: Back stem final a changes to u in Sg Par stem final a changes to o before i in Pl stem

LEXICON N_KALA kala:kala Gradation NA Harmony: Back stem final a changes to u in Sg Par stem final a changes to o before i in Pl stem

LEXICON N_OZA oza:oza Gradation NA Harmony: Back stem final a changes to u in Sg Par stem final a changes to 0 before i in Pl stem

LEXICON N_SÄYNÄ säynä:säynä Gradation NA Harmony: Front stem final ä changes to i in Sg Par stem final ä changes to 0 before i in Pl stem

LEXICON N_KOIVU koivu:koivu Gradation NA Harmony: Back There are no changes in stem-final u Plural stem in loi

LEXICON N_HERY hery:hery Gradation NA Harmony: Front There are no changes in stem-final y Plural stem in löi

LEXICON N_IDY idy:idy Gradation Yes Harmony: Front There are no changes in stem-final y Plural stem in löi

LEXICON N_LUGU lugu:lugu Gradation Yes Harmony: Back There are no changes in stem-final u Plural stem in loi

LEXICON N_RUNO runo:runo Gradation NA Harmony: Back Stem-fianl o changes to u in Sg Par Plural stem in loi

LEXICON N_HÖRÖ hörö:hörö Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_RUADO ruado:ruado Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KYNDÖ kyndö:kyndö Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

TWO-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEM WITH UNIQUE +Nom+Sg VOWEL

LEXICON N_JÄLGI jälgi:jälg Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_JOGI jogi:jog Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_MUAMO muamo:muama Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_TUATTO tuatto:tuatta Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_DIÄDÖ diädö:diädä Gradation No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_MUARJU muarju:muarja Gradation No Harmony: Back two forms for accusative two forms for elative, ablative phrases

Noun ‘berry / marja’ - full paradigm: Noun - muarju examples:*
muarju: muarju+N+Sg+Nom
muarjan: muarju+N+Sg+Gen
muarjua: muarju+N+Sg+Par
muarjakse: muarju+N+Sg+Tra
muarjata: muarju+N+Sg+Abe
muarjanke: muarju+N+Sg+Com
muarjas: muarju+N+Sg+Ine
muarjaspäi: muarju+N+Sg+Ela
muarjah: muarju+N+Sg+Ill
muarjal: muarju+N+Sg+Ade
muarjalpäi: muarju+N+Sg+Abl
muarjale: muarju+N+Sg+All
muarjannu: muarju+N+Sg+Ess
muarjassah: muarju+N+Sg+Ter
muarjalluo: muarju+N+Sg+Apr
muarjat: muarju+N+Pl+Nom
muarjoin: muarju+N+Pl+Gen
muarjoi: muarju+N+Pl+Par
muarjoikse: muarju+N+Pl+Tra
muarjoita: muarju+N+Pl+Abe
muarjoinke: muarju+N+Pl+Com
muarjois: muarju+N+Pl+Ine
muarjoispäi: muarju+N+Pl+Ela
muarjoih: muarju+N+Pl+Ill
muarjoil: muarju+N+Pl+Ade
muarjoilpäi: muarju+N+Pl+Abl
muarjoile: muarju+N+Pl+All
muarjoinnu: muarju+N+Pl+Ess
muarjoin: muarju+N+Pl+Ins
muarjoilluo: muarju+N+Pl+Apr

LEXICON N_PIÄSTÄNDY piäständy:piäständä Gradation No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_SUAJU suaju:suaja Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_AKKU akku:akka Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KNIIGU kniigu:kniiga Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_SULGU sulgu:sulga Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KOIRU koiru:koira Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_NIMI nimi:nim Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_HANGI hangi:hang Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PÄIVY päivy:päivä Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_MEČČY meččy:meččä Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_IŽÄNDY ižändy:ižändä Gradation No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_LATE late:latte Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_SIVE sive:side Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_HARDIE hardie:hardie Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KONDII kondii:kondi Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_STIPENDII stipendii:stipendi Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_REBOI reboi:reboi Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_JÄNÖI jänöi:jänöi Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PÖČÖI pöčöi:pöččö Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_VALGEI valgei:valge Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_LIBEI libei:libe Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_OSTAI ostai:osta Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PEZII pezii:pezi Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_KESTÄY kestäy:kestä Gradation NA Harmony: Front

TWO-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS WITH CONSONANT-FINAL PARTITIVE STEM

LEXICON N_UKSI uksi:uks Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_SUARI suari:suar Harmony: Back LEXICON N_SUARI-PL suari:suar Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_SUARI/KIELI_01 kieli:kiel Gradation No

LEXICON N_KIELI kieli:kiel Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_KIELI-SG kieli:kiel LEXICON N_KIELI-PL kieli:kiel Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_LAPSI lapsi:laps lapsi:laps Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_VEZI vezi:ved Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_SUZI suzi:su Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_VUOZI vuozi:vuod Gradation NA Harmony: Back

THREE-SYLLABLE VOWEL-FINAL STEMS

LEXICON N_SYGYZY sygyzy:sygyzy Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_VASKIČČU vaskičču:vaskičča Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

THREE-SYLLABLE STEMS WITH TWO-SYLLABLE NOMINATIVE SINGULAR

LEXICON N_KARJAL karjal:karjal Gradation NA Harmony: Back LEXICON N_KARJAL-SG karjal:karjal LEXICON N_KARJAL-PL karjal:karjal

LEXICON N_MADAL madal:madal Gradation No Harmony: Back LEXICON N_MADAL-SG madal:madal LEXICON N_MADAL-PL madal:madal

LEXICON N_PIIRAI piirai:piira CHECK THIS Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_VERÄI veräi:verä CHECK THIS Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KANDAI kandai:kanda Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_AVUAJU Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KERIÄJY piästäjy:piästä Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_PAGIZII pagizii:pagizi Gradation NA Harmony: Back LEXICON N_PAGIZII-SG LEXICON N_PAGIZII-PL

LEXICON N_HUOLETOI huoletoi: huolet Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_SAMMAL sammal:sammal Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_ŠOUFER šoufer:šoufer Vowel Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_VANUIN vanuin:vanui Gradation Yes Harmony: Back Stem consonant n/m Singular stem vowel 0/0/e Plural stem vowel i

LEXICON N_SAMMUTIN sammutin:sammutti Gradation Yes Harmony: Back Stem consonant n/m Singular stem vowel 0/0/e Plural stem vowel i

LEXICON N_KEITIN keitin:keitti Gradation Yes Harmony: Front Stem consonant n/m Singular stem vowel 0/0/e Plural stem vowel i

LEXICON N_LÄMMIN lämmin:lämbi Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_TAIGIN taigin:taigin Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KARJALAINE karjalaine:karjala Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_LIYGILÄINE liygiläine:liygilä Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_NAINE naine:nai Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KIELINE kieline:kieli Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_TOINE toine:to Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_RAIŠ raiš:ra Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_TOVESTEH tovesteh:tovesteh Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PEREH pereh:pereh Gradation No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_HUIKEH huikeh:huikkeh Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_LIIKEH liikeh:liikkeh Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_PENGER penger:penger Gradation No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_ARTELI arteli:arteli Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PUHTAHUS puhtahus:puhtahu Harmony: Back Gradation NA

LEXICON N_VÄHYS vähys:vähy Harmony: Back Gradation NA

LEXICON N_ALUS alus:aluks Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_ALUS-SG alus:aluks

LEXICON N_ALUS-PL alus:aluks

LEXICON N_ILVES ilves:ilveks Gradation No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_ILVES-SG ilves:ilveks

LEXICON N_ILVES-PL ilves:ilveks

LEXICON N_MIES mies:mie Gradation No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_MIES-SG mies:mie

LEXICON N_MIES-PL mies:mie

LEXICON N_KUURNIS kuurnis:kuurne Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_SUALIŠ suališ:suali Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_SUALIŠ-SG suališ:suali

LEXICON N_SUALIŠ-PL suališ:suali

LEXICON N_OLUT olut:olu Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_KEVÄT kevät:kevä Gradation No Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_TUHAT tuhat:tuha Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_ARMAS armas:arma Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_VARVAS varvas:varba Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PAREMBI parembi:paremb Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PESSYH pessyh:pessy Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_BEMMEL bemmel:bembel Gradation Yes Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_SUURIM suurim:suurim Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_TUATINDAM tuatindam:tuatindam Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_TUATANDIM tuatandim:tuatandim Gradation NA Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_SIEMEN siemen:siemen Gradation NA Harmony: Front

LEXICON N_SALBOIN salboin:salboi Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_UDAR udar:udar Gradation No Harmony: Back

LEXICON N_PIENAR pienar:piendar Gradation Yes Harmony: Back

NOMINAL DECLENSION BEGINS

Back vowel gradation Yes

LEXICON NMN_MUARJU/PIÄSTÄNDY muarju:muarja gradation NA

LEXICON NMN_AKKU akku:akka gradation Yes

LEXICON NMN_KNIIGU kniigu:kniiga gradation No

NMN = Nominals mutually shared case marking for nouns, adjectives, proper ouns, numerals

Front Vowel Gradation Yes

LEXICON NMN_YKSI yksi:y

LEXICON NMN_VUOZI/VEZI vuozi:vuod

LEXICON NMN_PAREMBI/ENÄMBI parembi:paremb

Adjective comparative examples:*
tuorehembi: tuores+A+Comp+Sg+Nom
★tuorehembembannu: tuores+A+Comp+Comp+Sg+Ess (is not standard language)

LEXICON NMN_KUDAI kudai:kuda

LEXICON NMN_PIIRAI/VERÄI piirai:piira

LEXICON NMN_PAGIZII-SG

LEXICON NMN_PAGIZII-PL

LEXICON NMN_HUOLETOI/JIÄTÖI huoletoi: huolet

Gradation Yes Vowel Harmony Back

LEXICON NMN_KOIRU/PÄIVY koiru:koira Gradation NA Vowel Harmony Back

LEXICON NMN_AVUAJU/KERIÄJY päivy:päivä Gradation NA

gradation Yes

LEXICON NMN_KOIVU/HERY koivu:koivu Gradation NA Vowel Harmony Back

LEXICON NMN_LUGU/IDY lugu:lugu Gradation Yes Vowel Harmony Back

LEXICON NMN_VALGEI/LIBEI valgei:valge

LEXICON NMN_RAHMANNOI rahmannoi:rahmannoi

LEXICON NMN_HARDIE hardie:hardie

LEXICON NMN_KONDII/STIPENDII kondii:kondi

LEXICON NMN_OSTAI ostua:osta%>j

Stem Vowel 00 kandai, kandajan, kandajua, kandajinnu

LEXICON NMN_PEZII pestä:pezi%>j

LEXICON NMN_KESTÄY kestäy:kestä

LEXICON NMN_RUNO/HÖRÖ runo:runo Gradation No

Gradation No

LEXICON NMN_RUADO/KYNDÖ ruado:ruado Gradation Yes

LEXICON NMN_KUU/PII kuu:kuu

LEXICON NMN_PIÄ piä:piä

LEXICON NMN_VYÖ vyö:vyö

LEXICON NMN_MUA mua:mua

LEXICON NMN_KALA kala:kala Gradation NA

LEXICON NMN_PADA pada:pada Yaml: pada Gradation Yes

LEXICON NMN_TULLUH/PESSYH pessyh

Nominative singular in “h”

:zi PL-GEN/COM/APRSUF_EN ; the +Pl+Com comes here

LEXICON NMN_TULLUH tulluh:tullu

Nominative singular in “h”

:zi PL-GEN/COM/APRSUF_EN ; the +Pl+Com comes here

LEXICON NMN_KARJAL karjal:karjal

LEXICON NMN_KARJAL-SG karjal:karjal LEXICON NMN_KARJAL-PL karjal:karjal

LEXICON NMN_MADAL madal:madal

LEXICON NMN_MADAL-SG madal:madal LEXICON NMN_MADAL-PL madal:madal

Nominative singular in “m”

Nominative singular in “n”

LEXICON NMN_ENIN enin:eni

Nominative singular in “r”

Nominative singular in “s”

LEXICON NMN_PUHTAHUS/VÄHYS puhtahus:puhtahu

LEXICON NMN_ALUS/ILVES alus:aluks

LEXICON NMN_ARMAS/EVAES armas:arma

LEXICON NMN_VARVAS varvas:varba

LEXICON NMN_VIDEL videl:videl Gradation No

LEXICON NMN_TUORES tuores:tuore

LEXICON NMN_RAIŠ raiš:ra

LEXICON NMN_KUURNIS kuurnis:kuurne

LEXICON NMN_OLUT olut:olu

Gradation None

LEXICON NMN_TULLUT tullut:tullu

LEXICON NMN_TOVESTEH/PEREH pereh:pereh

LEXICON NMN_ARTELI/LEIRI arteli:arteli

LEXICON NMN_PAPPI/HÄKKI pappi:pappi

LEXICON NMN_REBOI/JÄNÖI reboi:reboi

LEXICON NMN_OZA/SÄYNÄ oza:oza

LEXICON NMN_TVER tver:tver Gradation NA Front Vowel Singular stem vowel 0/i Plural stem vowel il%{oö%}i

Gradation NA Back Vowel Singular stem vowel 0/i Plural stem vowel il%{oö%}i

LEXICON NMN_VAŽEN važen:važe

LEXICON NMN_LÄMMIN lämmin:lämbi

LEXICON NMN_TAIGIN taigin:taigin

Nominative singular in “v”

LEXICON NMN_ABRAMOV Abramov:Abramov

Singular suffixes

luadi%^WGStem%^E1%>tt%{uy%}%>%{uy%} examples:*
luaji000ttu%>u examples:*

Plural suffixes

SINGULAR POSSESSA

LEXICON SGNOM/PXSP3 adding -h

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/nouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-numerals.lexc.md

Livvi Karelian numerals

Numeral inflection

Numeral inflection is like nominal, except that numerals compound in all forms which requires great amount of care in the inflection patterns.

LEXICON ARABICCOMPOUNDS ! 1-osainen
LEXICON ARABICCASES adds +Arab
LEXICON ARABICCASE adds +Arab
LEXICON ARABICCASE0 adds +Arab

+Arab+Pl+Acc:%>sidie # ; +Arab+Pl+Gen:%>si # ; +Arab+Pl+Ill:%>sidie # ; +Arab+Pl+Ine:%>sinie # ; +Arab+Pl+Ela:%>sijstie # ; +Arab+Pl+Com:%>sigujmie # ; +Arab+Ess:%>sinie # ;

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/numerals.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-prefixes.lexc.md

Prefixes Prefixes in the Livvi Karelian language are bound to beginning of other words.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/prefixes.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-pronouns.lexc.md

Pronoun inflection Livvi Karelian pronouns inflect for case.

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

LEXICON PRON_TÄMÄ tämä:tä

LEXICON PRON-DEM_NÄMMÄ nämmä:nämmä

LEXICON PRON-DEM_NET net:n

INDEFINITE

LEXICON PRON-INDEF_KEN kentahto:ke

LEXICON PRON-INDEF_KUDAI kudaitahto:kuda

LEXICON PRON-INDEF_MI mitahto:mi

LEXICON PRON-INDEF_MITTUINE mittuinetahto:mittu

LEXICON PRON-INDEF_NIMI nimi:ni«mi

LEXICON PRON-INDEF_NIKEN niken:ni«ke

LEXICON PRON-INDEF_NIMITTUINE nimittuine:ni«mittu

INTERROGATIVE

LEXICON PRON-INTERR_ Still requires work

LEXICON PRON-INTERR_MI mi:mi

LEXICON PRON-INTERR_MITTUINE mittuine:mittu

LEXICON PRON-INTERR_KEN ken:ke

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

LEXICON PRON-REFL_ iče:ičče iččiedäh, iččedäh, iččeh, ičes, iččenäh, iččiedäs, iččeni,

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

LEXICON PRON-REL_KUDAI kudai:kuda

LEXICON PRON_ARMAS armas:arma

LEXICON PRON_OZA oza:oza

LEXICON PRON-QNT_KIELI kieli:kiel

LEXICON PRON_TOINE toine:to

LEXICON PRON_KAI requires developing

LEXICON PRON_ENÄMBI enämbi:enämb

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/pronouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-propernouns.lexc.md

Proper noun inflection The LIVVI KARELIAN language proper nouns inflect in the same cases as regular nouns, but sometimes with a colon (‘:’) as separator.

LEXICON PROP_

ONE-SYLLABLE LEMMA AND STEM

LEXICON PROP_VYÖ vyö:vyö

LEXICON PROP_MUA mua:maa

TWO-SYLLABLE LEMMA AND STEM

LEXICON PROP_OZA Gradation NA Back vowel Stem vowel a Plural stem in i

LEXICON PROP_OZA_FEM

LEXICON PROP-PLC_OZA

LEXICON PROP_KALA Gradation NA Back vowel Stem vowel a Plural stem in oi

LEXICON PROP_KALA_PATRFEM

LEXICON PROP-PLC_KALA

LEXICON PROP_KALA_SURFEM

LEXICON PROP_PAPPI Gradation Yes Back vowel Stem vowel i Plural stem in iloi

LEXICON PROP_PAPPI-SG

LEXICON PROP_PAPPI-PL

LEXICON PROP-PLC_PAPPI

LEXICON PROP_ARTELI Gradation NA Back vowel Stem vowel i Plural stem in iloi

LEXICON PROP_ARTELI-SG

LEXICON PROP_ARTELI-PL

LEXICON PROP_LEIRI Gradation NA Front vowel Stem vowel i Plural stem in iloi

LEXICON PROP_LEIRI-SG

LEXICON PROP_LEIRI-PL

LEXICON PROP_NIMI nimi:nim Gradation NA Front vowel Stem vowel i/e Plural stem in i

LEXICON PROP_JÄLGI Gradation Yes Vowel Harmony Front Stem Vowel i/0/e Plural stem in i

LEXICON PROP_JÄLGI-SG

LEXICON PROP_JÄLGI-PL

LEXICON PROP_JOGI Gradation Yes Vowel Harmony Back Stem Vowel i/0/e Plural stem in i

LEXICON PROP_JOGI-SG

LEXICON PROP_JOGI-PL

LEXICON PROP_SUARI suari:suar Gradation NA Vowel Harmony Back Stem Vowel i/0/e Plural stem in i

LEXICON PROP_REBOI reboi:reboi Gradation NA Vowel Harmony Back Stem Vowel oi/o Plural stem in oloi

LEXICON PROP_KOIRU koiru:koira Gradation NA Back vowel Stem vowel u/a Plural stem in i

LEXICON PROP-PLC_KOIRU koiru:koira

LEXICON PROP_PÄIVY päivy:päivä Gradation NA Vowel Harmony Front Stem Vowel y/ä Plural stem in i

LEXICON PROP-PLC_KNIIGU kniigu:kniiga Gradation No (looks like it should have gradation) Vowel Harmony Back Stem Vowel u/a Plural stem in oi

LEXICON PROP_MUARJU muarju:muarja Gradation NA Vowel Harmony Back Stem Vowel u:a Plural stem in o

LEXICON PROP-PLC_MUARJU muarju:muarja

LEXICON PROP_AKKU akku:akka Gradation Yes Vowel Harmony Back Stem Vowel u:a Plural stem in o

LEXICON PROP_KOIVU koivu:koivu Back vowel Gradation NA Stem vowel u Plural stem in loi Can be merged with _RUNO

LEXICON PROP_RUNO runo:runo Back vowel Gradation NA Stem vowel o Plural stem in loi

LEXICON PROP_RUADO ruado:ruado Back vowel Gradation Yes Stem vowel o Plural stem in loi

LEXICON PROP-PLC_RUADO ruado:ruado

LEXICON PROP_KYNDÖ kyndö:kyndö Front vowel Gradation Yes Stem vowel o Plural stem in loi

LEXICON PROP_VALGEI Back vowel Gradation NA

LEXICON PROP_VALGEI-SG

LEXICON PROP_VALGEI-PL

TWO-SYLLABLE LEMMA THREE-SYLLABLE STEM

LEXICON PROP_KARJAL karjal:karjal Back vowel Gradation NA Singular stem vowel 0/a Plural stem vowel o

LEXICON PROP-MAL_KARJAL

LEXICON PROP_KARJALAINE karjalaine:karjala

LEXICON PROP_KIELINE kieline:kieli

LEXICON PROP-PLC_TVER Tver:Tver

LEXICON PROP-PLC_TAIGIN

LEXICON PROP_PEREH pereh:pereh

LEXICON PROP_VIDEL videl:videl

LEXICON PROP_VIDEL Pavlovič:Pavlov

LEXICON PROP-PLC_ALUS Alus:Aluks

LEXICON PROP_ALUS Alus:Aluks

LEXICON PROP_KONDII kondii:kondi

LEXICON PROP_STIPENDII kondii:kondi

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/propernouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-quantifiers.lexc.md

Quantifier inflection Livvi Karelian quantifiers inflect for case.

LEXICON NUM_MUARJU muarju:muarja

LEXICON NUM_YKSI yksi:y

LEXICON NUM_KAKSI kaksi:ka

@U.NUM-CARD.WAS@:@U.NUM-CARD.WAS@hte%^WGStem ORD_01_BACK ; This cannot be final

LEXICON NUM_SEIČČIE seiččie:seičče

LEXICON NUM_NELLI nelli:nell

LEXICON NUM_KAHEKSA kaheksa:kaheksa

LEXICON NUM_YHEKSÄ yheksä:yheksä

LEXICON NUM_TUHAT tuhat:tuha LEXICON NUM_TUHAT_01 tuhat:tuha

LEXICON NUM_KUUZI kuuzi:kuud

LEXICON NUM_VIIZI viizi:viid

LEXICON NUM_KYMMENE kymmene:kymmen LEXICON NUM_KYMMENE_01 kymmene:kymmen

LEXICON NUM_KOLME

LEXICON ORD_TOINE toine:to

LEXICON ORD_KARJALAINE enzimäine:ensimä

LEXICON ORD_LIYGILÄINE enzimäine:ensimä

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/quantifiers.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-rus-Cyrl-2-Lat-propernouns.lexc.md

Proper noun inflection

Erzya proper nouns inflect in the same cases as regular nouns.

Vili:Vil

Russian type Surnames Abdʼejev:Abdʼejev

Bagrij:Bagr

Amorskij:Amorsk

DECLENSION LIMITATIONS

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/rus-Cyrl-2-Lat-propernouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-symbols.lexc.md

Symbol affixes

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/symbols.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-verbs.lexc.md

Verb inflection

Temporary lexica

LEXICON V_ is for ad-hoc incoming verbs, not in xml

Auxiliary verbs

LEXICON V-NEG ei:e
LEXICON V-PROH älä:äl
LEXICON V_OLLA olla:o
LEXICON V_OLLA_01 olla:o

Regular verbs

Verbs of the Finnish type 1

V1a

LEXICON V_ALENDUA alendua:alenda Harmony: Back
LEXICON V_ELLENDIÄ ellendiä:ellendä Harmony: Front
LEXICON V_ALENDUA/ELLENDIÄ_01 ellendiä:ellendä alendua:alenda Gradation No
LEXICON V_LIIKUTTUA liikuttua:liikutta Harmony: Back
LEXICON V_MENETTIÄ menettiä:menettä Harmony: Front
LEXICON V_LIIKUTTUA/MENETTIÄ_01 liikuttua:liikutta, menettiä:menettä Gradation YES
LEXICON V_KANDUA kandua:kanda Back Vowel
LEXICON V_KANDUA_01 kandua:kanda Gradation Yes
LEXICON V_OTTUA ottua:otta Back Vowel
LEXICON V_OTTUA/HEITTIÄ_01 ottua:otta Gradation Yes
LEXICON V_OTTUA-SG3 ottua:otta
LEXICON V_OTTUA-3 ottua:otta
LEXICON V_HEITTIÄ heittä:heittä Front vowel
LEXICON V_HEITTIÄ-SG3 heittä:heittä
LEXICON V_HEITTIÄ-3 heittä:tiedä
LEXICON V_TIEDIÄ tiediä:ti Front vowel Gradation Yes

V1o

LEXICON V_PUNUO punuo:puno Back vowel
LEXICON V_PUNUO/XX_01 punuo:puno Gradation split this 2024-08-19 INDPRSSG1, INDPRSSG2, INDPRSPL1, INDPRSPL2, INDPRSCONNEG_WEAK, INDPRTPL3_Ettih, INDPRTCONNEGPL3_EttU, CONDPRSPL3_EttAs, IMPRT_kkA, PSS-PRSPRC_ttAvU
LEXICON V_PUNUO-SG3 punuo:puno

V1u

LEXICON V_VALUO valuo:valu Back vowel
LEXICON V_VALUO/PYZYÖ_01 valuo:valu Gradation No similar_to: V_PYZYÖ
LEXICON V_VALUO-SG3 valuo:valu
LEXICON V_PYZYÖ pyzyö:pyzy Front vowel
LEXICON V_PYZYÖ-SG3 pyzyö:pyzy
LEXICON V_PYZYÖ-3 pyzyö:pyzy
LEXICON V_SUALISTUO sualistuo:sualistu Back vowel
LEXICON V_PEZEVYÖ sualistuo:sualistu Front vowel
LEXICON V_SUALISTUO/PEZEVYÖ_01 valuo:valu Gradation Yes similar_to: V_PYZYÖ

V1i

LEXICON V_POTKIE potkie:potki Back vowel
LEXICON V_POTKIE/EČČIE_01 potkie:potki Gradation No Ind+Prt+Sg3
LEXICON V_POTKIE-SG3 potkie:potki
LEXICON V_EČČIE eččie:ečči Front vowel
LEXICON V_LUGIE lugie:luge Back vowel
LEXICON V_LUGIE/IMIE_01 lugie:luge Gradation Yes
:%>e INDPRTPL3_ttih ;
:%>e INDPRSPL3_tAh ;
LEXICON V_TUNDIE tundie:tunde
LEXICON V_TUNDIE_01 tundie:tunde Gradation Yes Back vowel
:%>e INDPRTPL3_ttih ;
:%>e INDPRSPL3_tAh ;
LEXICON V_IMIE imie:ime Gradation No Front vowel
LEXICON V_PIDIÄ pidiä:pidä Gradation Yes Front vowel
LEXICON V_PIDIÄ_01 pidiä:pidä
LEXICON V_PIDIÄ-SG3 pidiä:pidä
LEXICON V_PIDIÄ-SG3_01 pidiä:pidä

VERBS OF FINNISH TYPE 2 in dA

LEXICON V_VOIJA voija:voi
LEXICON V_VOIJA_01 voija:voi
+Inf:%>ja K ; type 2 also suaha
LEXICON V_ROIJA roija:roi
LEXICON V_ROIJA_01 roija:roi
+Inf:%>ja K ; type 2 also suaha
LEXICON V_SUAJA suaja:saa
LEXICON V_SUAJA_01 suaja:saa
+Inf:%>ja K ; type 2 also suaha
+Inf:%>ha K ; type 2 also suaha
LEXICON V_JUVVA juvva:jo
LEXICON V_JUVVA_01 juvva:jo
LEXICON V_JIÄJÄ suaja:saa jiäjä:jää
LEXICON V_JIÄJÄ_01 suaja:saa jiäjä:jää
+Inf:%>jä K ; type 2 also jiähä
+Inf:%>hä K ; type 2 also jiähä
LEXICON V_MYVVÄ myvvä:mö
LEXICON V_MYVVÄ_01 myvvä:mö
LEXICON V_VIIJÄ viijä:ve
LEXICON V_NÄHTÄ nähtä:nä
LEXICON V_NÄHTÄ_01 nähtä:nä
LEXICON V_KÄVVÄ kävvä:käv

Verbs of the Finnish type 3

LEXICON V_TULLA tulla:tul
LEXICON V_ULISTA ulista:ulis
LEXICON V_JUOSTA_BACK juosta:juoks
LEXICON V_JUOSTA_01 juosta:juoks
LEXICON V_PAISTA paista:pagis
LEXICON V_PAISTA_01 paista:pagis
LEXICON V_PESTÄ pestä:pes
LEXICON V_NOSTA nosta:no
LEXICON V_NOSTA/XX_01 nosta:no

Verbs of the Finnish type 3 but not identical

LEXICON V_KUULTA kuulta:kuul
LEXICON V_KUULTA-SG3 kuulta:kuul
LEXICON V_VIERTÄ viertä:vier

Verbs of the Finnish type 3 but not identical gradation: yes

LEXICON V_KUVITELLA kuvitella:kuvittel
LEXICON V_EZITELLAE ezitellä:ezittel
LEXICON V_TYPÄTÄ typätä:typpä
LEXICON V_KÄITÄ käitä:käge
LEXICON V_SUVATA suvata:suva

Verbs of the Finnish type 4

LEXICON V_AVATA avata:ava

gradation: no

LEXICON V_ARVOTA arvota:arvo

gradation: no

LEXICON V_KABLITA kablita:kabli

gradation: no

LEXICON V_BAUHUTA bauhuta:bauhu
LEXICON V_BAUHUTA-SG3 bauhuta:bauhu
LEXICON V_LANGETA langeta:lange

gradation: no

LEXICON V_ALLATA allata:alga

gradation: yes

LEXICON V_KIKOTA kikota:kikko

gradation: yes

LEXICON V_RUVETA ruveta:rube
LEXICON V_RUVETA-SG3 ruveta:rube
LEXICON V_HYRRÄTÄ hyrrätä:hyrrä

gradation: no

LEXICON V_HÄVITÄ hävitä:hävi

gradation: no

LEXICON V_HÖYRYTÄ höyrytä:höyry

gradation: no

LEXICON V_HÖPSÖTÄ höpsötä:höpsö

gradation: no

LEXICON V_BÖVVÄTÄ bövvätä:böygä

gradation: yes

LEXICON V_REVITÄ revitä:rebi

gradation: yes

LEXICON V_PÄITÄ päitä:päde

gradation: yes

Verbs of the Finnish type 5

LEXICON V_SUVAIJA suvaija:suvai
LEXICON V_SUVAIJA-SG3 suvaija:suvai
LEXICON V_SUVAIJA-3 suvaija:suvai
LEXICON V_EMÄNDÖIJÄ emändöijä:emändöi
LEXICON V_MERKITÄ merkitä:merki
LEXICON V_MAINITA mainita:maini
LEXICON V_ALETA aleta:ale (alenov)
LEXICON V_ALETA_01 aleta:ale (alenov)
LEXICON V_VÄHETÄ vähetä:vähe (vähenöy)
LEXICON V_VÄHETÄ_01 vähetä:vähe (vähenöy)
LEXICON V_VÄHETÄ-SG3 vähetä:vähe (vähenöy)
LEXICON V_SUATA suata:suva (suvaiččov)
LEXICON V_SUATA_01 suata:suva (suvaiččov)
LEXICON VR_AMBUO ambuokseh:ambu
LEXICON VR_AMBUO_01 ambuokseh:ambu
LEXICON VR_VALUO valuokseh:valu
LEXICON VR_VALUO/PYZYÖ valuokseh:valu
LEXICON VR_PYZYÖ valuokseh:valu
LEXICON VR_PUNUO punuokseh:puno
LEXICON VR_PUNUO/XX_01 punuokseh:puno
LEXICON VR_IMIE imiekseh:ime
LEXICON VR_POTKIE/EČČIE_01 imiekseh:ime
LEXICON VR_POTKIE potkiekseh:potki
LEXICON VR_PIDIÄ pidiäkseh:pidä
LEXICON VR_PIDIÄ_01 pidiäkseh:pidä
LEXICON VR_KANDUA kanduakseh:kanda
LEXICON VR_KANDUA_01 kanduakseh:kanda
LEXICON VR_KANDUA-SG3 kanduakseh:kanda
LEXICON VR_KANDUA-SG3_01 kanduakseh:kanda
LEXICON VR_OTTUA ottuakseh:otta
LEXICON VR_OTTUA/HEITTIÄ_01 ottuakseh:otta
LEXICON VR_LIIKUTTUA kirjuttuakseh:kirjutta
LEXICON VR_LIIKUTTUA/XX_01 kirjuttuakseh:kirjutta
LEXICON VR_EISTIÄ eistiäkseh:eistä

Reflexive verbs

LEXICON VR_RODIEKSEH rodiekseh:rodi
LEXICON VR_ROIJA roijakseh:roi
LEXICON VR_ROITA roita:roi
LEXICON VR_JUVVA juvva:jo
LEXICON VR_MYVVÄ myvvä:mö
LEXICON VR_NÄHTÄ nähtä:nä
LEXICON VR_TULLA tuliekseh:tul !this will need work 2013-10-23
LEXICON VR_PESTÄ tuliekseh:tul !this will need work 2013-10-23
LEXICON VR_KUVITELLA kuvitellakseh:kuvittel !this will need work 2016-08-17
LEXICON VR_EBAEILLAE kuvitellakseh:kuvittel !this will need work 2016-08-17
LEXICON VR_AVATA avatakseh:ava (typätäkseh:typpä)
LEXICON VR_SUVAIJA suvaijakseh:suvai
LEXICON VR_EMÄNDÖIJÄ emändöijäkseh:emändöi
LEXICON VR_MAINITA mainitakseh:maini

V1 This verb type has two final vowels in the first infinitive

V1 3-syllable stem This verb type has two final vowels in the first infinitive

LEXICON V-VV_03_Harm-Neutr tulla:tul
LEXICON V-VV_KUULLA kuulla:kuul
LEXICON V-VV_VIERRÄ vierrä:vier
LEXICON V-VV_KUVITELLA/EZITELLAE kuvitella:kuvittel
LEXICON V-VV_KUVITELLA/EZITELLAE suvaija:suvai
LEXICON V-VV_KUVITELLA/EZITELLAE emändöijä:emändöi
LEXICON V-VV_KUVITELLA/EZITELLAE mainita:maini
LEXICON V-VV_KUVITELLA/EZITELLAE merkitä:merki

REFLEXIVE CONJUGATION

HOW WILL THESE WORK

Nonfinites

Forthcoming

Finites

INDICATIVE PRESENT

LEXICON V-VV_KUVITELLA/EZITELLAE type 04

INDICATIVE PRESENT REFLEXIVE

LEXICON V-VV_KUVITELLA/EZITELLAE

INDICATIVE PRETERITE

INDICATIVE PRETERITE REFLEXIVE

Conditional

CONDITIONAL PRETERITE

+Rfl+Pot+Pl3:%>d%{aä%}%>nehes K ; Shouldn’t THIS be the right form

IMPERATIVE

IMPERATIVE REFLEXIVE

… and next chapter

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs.lexc

src-fst-morphology-phonology.twolc.md

The Livvi Karelian morphophonological/twolc rules file

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

Alphatbet, sets

a b c č d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s š ş t u v w y z ž ƶ ü ä ö A B C Č D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S Š Ş T U V W Y Z Ž Ƶ Ü Ä Ö y Y

%{aä%}:a %{aä%}:ä

%{aoeInf%}:a Back vowel infinitive marker %{äöeInf%}:ä Front vowel infinitive marker

%{aäoeöuiy%}:ä with partitive type koivuu
%{aäoeö%}:ä newer This is for diphthongs such as the infinitive marker after i and u stems ampuo
%{aäuyiØ%}:ä in participle endings anticipating PÄIVY or KOIRU type

%{ui%}:i in imperative before %{aä%}:

%{oö%}:o %{oö%}:ö

%{oöØ%}:0 Used in present participle

%{uy%}:y

%{ijPRC%}:j participle

%{lnrs%}:n e.g. in perfect participles
%{dtlnr%}:d e.g. infinitive and Ind+Prs+Pl3

this appears in the illative V1:a V1:e V1:i V1:o V1:u V1:y V1:ä V1:ö

These appear with the inessive and adessive V2:a V2:e V2:i V2:o V2:u V2:y V2:ä V2:ö

These reduplicate the preceding vowel if it in turn is preceded by a consonant V3:a V3:e V3:i V3:o V3:u V3:y V3:ä V3:ö V3:0

%^DEVOICE:0
%^VOICE:0 pestä : pezen

%^SyllBound:0

%^KS2S:0

no change The example here is for something that should not be done We have two infinite sets, Livvi Karelian and incoming loanwords. The original idea was to make a rule changing all instances of adjacent double aa to ua. For this reason a special trigger was to be inserted into the lexc stem of a word to prevent such a rule from occurring. Since the infinite Livvi Karelian set is more predictable and perhaps smaller than the incoming loanword set, it is better to literally spell out adjacent vowels that are constant. 2019-09-02 JMR %^NONE:0 This will break vowel change, e.g. sa%^NONEamelaine

%^Pen:0 pagisou paistah in combination with WGStem to trigger

%^D2Z:0 ! The ti => zi

%^E2O:0 the e => o, e => ö

%^Ä2I:0 ä => i %^A2UÄ2I:0 a => u, ä => i

%^ILoss:0 the i => 0 reboi reboloi %^V2U:0 v => y kävvä käydy

_%^RVow:0 _ _%^RmVow:0 _ vowel removal, e.g. with superlative

Triggers dictating right context phenomena

_%{back%}:0 _ back harmony until harmony boundary, i.e. word boundary
_%{front%}:0 _ front harmony until harmony boundary, i.e. word boundary

Sets

Right context for gradation

Rules

Rule: %{aä%}:a kuvitella+V+Inf: imagine/kuvitella

kuvittel%{back%}%^WGStem%>%{lnrs%}%{aä%}%^WGStem
kuvi0tel00%>la0

Rule: %{aä%}:ä ezitellä+V+Inf: present/esitellä

ezittel%{front%}%^WGStem%>%{lnrs%}%{aä%}%^WGStem
ezi0tel00%>lä0

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:a

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:ä heittiä+V+Inf: throw/heittää

heittä%{front%}%>%{aäoeö%}
heitti0%>ä

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:o

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:e

Rule: %{aäoeö%}:ö

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:a

Puavil{back}u>{aäoeöuiy}
Puavil0u>a

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:ä

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:o

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:e

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:ö

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:u

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:i

Rule: {aäoeöuiy%}:y

Rule: e:0

Rule: %{ui%}:u

* %{front%}:0  ! imperative forms
* *kanda%{back%}%>kk%{ui%}%{aä%}mm%{oö%}*
* *kanda0%>kkuammo*

Rule: %{ui%}:i

* %{front%}:0  ! imperative forms
* *lʼykkä%{front%}%^WGStem%>kk%{ui%}%{aä%}mm%{oö%}*
* *lʼyk0ä00%>kkiämmö*

Rule: %{ui%}:i Rule: %{ui%}:i Rule: %{ui%}:i

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:a

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:u

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:ä

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:y

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:i

Rule: %{aäuyiØ%}:0

a:u before subsequent a Diphthong a+a => ua

ostua+V+Inf: buy/ostaa

osta%>%{aä%} examples:*
ostu%>%{aä%} examples:*

ä:i before subsequent A2 Diphthong ä+ä => iä

kehittiä+V+Inf: develop/kehittää

kehittä%>%{aä%} examples:*
kehitti%>ä examples:*

o:u before subsequent o Diphthong o+o => uo erota:eruou

ero%>%{oö%}%>n examples:*
eru0o%>n examples:*
runo%>%{oö%} examples:*
runu%>o examples:*
jo%>vv%{aä%} examples:*
ju%>vva examples:*

ö:y before subsequent ö Diphthong ö+ö, ö+%{oö%}:ö => yö

sö%>ö%>y examples:*
sy%>ö%>y examples:*
pöllö%>ö examples:*
pölly%>ö examples:*
sö%>vvä examples:*
sy%>vvä examples:*

e:i before subsequent :e Diphthong o+o => uo erota:eruou


* valge%>e%^WGStem%>t examples:*

* valgi%>e00t examples:*

* hävi%>%{aäPar%}%>n examples:*

* hävi%>e0n examples:*

* tiedo%^WGStem%>n examples:*

* tiijo0%>n examples:*

* *väge%{front%}%^WGStem>n*
* *vä0i00%>n*

* luge>%{ijPRC%} examples:*

* lugi%>j examples:*

e:o Vowel harmony suffixes Back


* luge%^E2O%>u examples:*

* lugo%>u examples:*

e:ö Vowel harmony

käske%^E2O%>y examples:*
käskö0%>y examples:*

Rule: ä:y word final

Rule: ä:ö word final

Rule: a:0 in suaja:sai

*  a _ (%{back%}:)  %^RmVow:  ;  Vowel shortening before subsequent "i"

* koira%^RmVow%>i%>en examples:*

* koir00%>i%>en examples:*

* koira0%>j%>en examples:*

* vahna%^RmVow%>in examples:*

* vahn00%>in examples:*
* *otta%{back%}%^WGStem%^RmVow%>in*
* *ot00000%>in*

iToj between vowels

Rule: i:j

%{ijPRC%}:i

*  a _ (%{back%}:)  %^RmVow:  ;  +ActPrsPrc

Rule: a:o in the plural and preterite

muama%{back%}%^A2O
muamo00

a:e pidiä

kanda%^WGStem%^E1%>tt%{aäDiph%}s examples:*
kanne00%>ttas examples:*
kirjava%^E1%>m%^NONEb examples:*
kirjave0%>m0b examples:*

ä:e piettih and in comparatives pidiä

mečästä%{front%}%^E1%>tt%{aä%}s
mečäste00%>ttäs

Rule: ä:0 pidiä:pidi

Rule: i:0 reboi:reboloi

rodi%^RmVow%>i%>h
rod00%>i%>h

%{oö%}:o Vowel harmony suffixes Back %{oö%}:ö Vowel harmony suffixes Front

%{oöØ%}:0 Vowel harmony suffixes Back

%{oöØ%}:o Vowel harmony suffixes Back

luge%>%{ijPRC%}%>%{oöØ%}%>i%>n examples:*
lugi%>j%>o%>i%>s examples:*

%{oöØ%}:ö Vowel harmony suffixes Front

%{uy%}:u Vowel harmony suffixes Back

tul%>%{lnrs%}%{uy%}h
tul%>luh

%{uy%}:y Vowel harmony suffixes Front

Consonant change

Rule: g:j

* *poiga%^WGStem%>n*
* *poija0%>n*

Rule: g:v

jog%{back%}e%^WGStem%>n
jov0e0%>n
jog%{back%}e%^WGStem%>n
jov0e0%>n

g:l

sulga%^WGStem%>n
sulla0%>n
jalga%^A2O%>i%^WGStem%>s
jallo0%>i0%>s sulgu+N+Pl+Ins feather/sulka
sulga%^RmVow%>i%^WGStem%>n
sull0%>i0%>n

g:r


* särge%^WGStem%>n examples:*

* särre0%>n examples:*

* kergi%^WGStem%>t%{aäPar%} examples:*

* kerri0%>tä examples:*

d:v

d:v <=> [ ö y: | o u: ] _ [ ä: | a ] (HarmDummy:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
          u a           _   o       (%{back%}:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
          a             _   u       (%{back%}:) %^WGStem:0 ; 
        [ u o: | u: ]   _  [ (%{back%}:) e | a: ]  (%{back%}:) ((%^RmVow:) %> i )    %^WGStem:0 ;  
        [ ä y: ]   _  [(%{front%}:) e | y ]  (%{front%}:) ((%^RmVow:) %> i )    %^WGStem:0 ;  
* *täydy%{front%}%^WGStem*
* *tävvy00*

Rule: v:y d:j

maido%^WGStem%>n
maijo0%>n
tiedo%^WGStem%>n
tiijo0%>n
tiedä%^WGStem%>n
tiijä0%>n

Rule: y:v

täydy%^WGStem examples:*
tävvy0 examples:* lʼöydiä:lʼövvä

Rule: u:v juodu+N+Pl+Ade

juoda%{back%}%^RmVow%>i%^WGStem%>l
juod000%>i0%>l soudua:sovva

o:v Lengthening with Ut:vv weakening

d:z

vuod%^D2Z%>i
vuoz0%>i
tunde%^RmVow%>i
tunz00%>i

d:t in partitive

pagis%>d%{aä%}%^WGStemh examples:*
pa0is%>ta0h examples:*

Rule: s:z

* s:z <=> _ (HarmDummy:) %^VOICE:0 ;  pestä: pezen

k:g pestä: peskäh

rd:rr weakening

ld:ll weakening

nd:nn weakening mennä+Ind+Prs+ScPl3: mennäh

kanda%^WGStem%^E1%>tt%{aä%}s examples:*
kanne00%>ttas examples:*

rn:rr in prtprc

ln:ll in prtprc

tul%>%{lnrs%}%{uy%}h
tul%>luh ezitellä+V+Inf: present/esitellä
ezittel%{front%}%^WGStem%>%{lnrs%}%{aä%}%^WGStem
ezi0tel00%>lä0

sn:ss in prtprc

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:d

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:t

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:l tulla+Ind+Prs+ScPl3: tullah

tul%{back%}%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}
tul0%>la kuvitella+V+Inf
kuvittel%{back%}%^WGStem%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}
kuvi0tel00%>la

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:n

Rule: %{dtlnr%}:r

CONSONANT LOSS

čToZero

* s:z <=> _ (HarmDummy:) %^VOICE:0 ;  suvaija:suvaičen

kToZero aika: ajan

* *lʼykkä%{front%}%^WGStem%>t%{AÄ%}*
* *lʼy0kä00%>tä*
* *abuniekka%{back%}%^A2O%>i%>l*
* *abunie0ko00%>i%>l*
* *liikkeh%{front%}%^WGStem*
* *lii0keh00*

gToZero aika: ajan

väge%{front%}%^WGStem>n
vä0i00%>n
pagis%{back%}%^Pen%^WGStem%>%{dtlnr%}%{aä%}h
pa0is000%>tah

ezitellä+V+Inf: present/esitellä

ezittel%{front%}%^WGStem%>%{lnrs%}%{aä%}%^WGStem
ezi0tel00%>lä0
tavoitteh%^WGStem examples:*
tavoi0teh0 examples:*
kuul%>t%{aä%}%^WGStem
kuul%>la0

b:v

Rule: b:m

b:m <=> m _ [ a | i ] (HarmDummy:) %^WGStem:0 ;

p:0 in lapsi

kuoppa%{back%}%^WGStem%^RmVow%>i%>l
kuo0p0000%>i%>l

Consonant loss

d:0 pidiä:piän

pidä%^WGStem%>n examples:*
pi0ä0%>n examples:*

s:0

bussa%^WGStem%>l examples:*
bu0sa0%>l examples:*

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc

src-fst-morphology-root.lexc.md

The tags and root lexica of the morphological fst of Livvi Karelian

Multichar symbols

+Ex/A - This tag is not added in lexc. The POS tag before derivation is converted into this tag when compiling FST for disambiguation.
+Ex/N - This tag is not added in lexc. The POS tag before derivation is converted into this tag when compiling FST for disambiguation.
+Ex/Num - This tag is not added in lexc. The POS tag before derivation is converted into this tag when compiling FST for disambiguation.
+Ex/V - This tag is not added in lexc. The POS tag before derivation is converted into this tag when compiling FST for disambiguation.

The morphological analyses of wordforms of Livvi Karelian are presented in this system in terms of following symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags).

+TYÄ This alerts workers of work to be done

The parts-of-speech are:

+A adjective
+Adp adposition
+Adv adverb
+CS subordinating conjunction
+CC coordinating conjunction
+Interj interjection
+N noun
+Pcle particle
+Po postposition
+Pr preposition
+Pron pronoun
+Qnt quantifier
+V verb
+Num numeral
+Coll collective, probably from a common file.
+AdA Ad-adjective
+Bahuv Bahuvrihi
+Conj
+Prop

Pronouns

+Dem demonstrative
+Indef indefinite
+Dep dependent word requiring the presence of another, e.g. мень
+Interr interrogative
+Pers personal
+Recipr reciprocal
+Refl reflexive
+Rel relative

These tags describe the parts of the compound.

The prefix (before “/”) is Cmp.

+Cmp/Hyph compounds where first part ends in -
+Cmp/SgNom compounds where first part is Sg Nom
+Cmp/PlNom compounds where first part is Pl Nom
+Cmp/Attr compounds where first part is Attr
+Cmp/SgGen compounds where first part is Sg Gen
+Cmp/PlGen compounds where first part is Pl Gen
+Cmp/SplitR compounds where first part is a split compound hmm
+Cmp/Sh compounds where first part is a short form
+Cmp - Dynamic compound. This tag should always be part of a dynamic compound. It is important for Apertium, and useful in other cases as well.
+v1 version tags
+v2 version tags
+v3 version tags
+v4 version tags
+v5 version tags

Useage

The Usage extents are marked using following tags:

+Err/Orth
+Err/Sub
+Use/Marg marginal (?)
+Use/-Spell Excluded in speller
+Err/Hyph
+Err/Lex
+Err/SpaceCmp
+Err/MissingSpace
+Use/SpellNoSugg recognized but not suggested in speller
+Use/Circ circular paths (old ^C^)
+Use/CircN circular paths for the numerals (old ^N^)
+Use/NG not-generate, for ped generation isme-ped.fst
+Use/TTS – only retained in the HFST Text-To-Speech disambiguation tokeniser
+Use/-TTS – never retained in the HFST Text-To-Speech disambiguation tokeniser
+Use/-GC (?)
+OLang/NOB olang tags
+OLang/FIN olang tags
+OLang/SWE olang tags
+OLang/UND olang tags

The nominals are inflected in the following Case and Number

+Sg singular
+Pl plural
+Abe abessive
+Abl ablative case
+Acc accusative
+Ade adessive case
+All Allatiivi
+Apr Approximative
+Com comitative
+Ela elative
+Ess essive
+Gen genitive case
+Ill illative
+Ine inessive
+Ins instrumental
+Lat Lative
+Loc Locative
+Nom nominative case
+Par partitive
+Prl prolative
+Ter Terminative
+Tra translative
+Pros
+Adc
+Egr
+Dat dative case

The possession is marked as such:

+PxSg1
+PxSg2
+PxSg3
+PxDu1
+PxDu2
+PxDu3
+PxPl1
+PxPl2
+PxPl3
+PxSP3

The comparative forms are:

+Pos
+Comp
+Superl

Numerals and Quantifiers are classified under:

+Iter Iterative form expressing number of times; myv: кавксть, kpv: кыкысь
+Attr
+Card
+Ord

Verb tenses are: | +Prs | Present, non-past Tense

Verb moods are:

+Prs Indicative
+Prs Imperative
+Prs Conditional
+Prs Potential

Verb personal forms are: +Rfl : This is a work around for olo passive. Olo has a passive conjugation, whereas Finnish and Estonian do not. Other verb forms are +Inf : Infinitive +Act : active voice +Pss : passive voice +PrfPrc : past participle +PrsPrc : present participle +RcPrfPrc : reflexive past participle +Ger : Gerund

+ConNeg +ConNegII +Neg +ImprtII +PrfPrcPl3 +Sup +VGen +VAbess

+ABBR +ACR

+Symbol = independent symbols in the text stream, like £, €, © Special symbols are classified with: +CLB +CLBfinal +PUNCT +LEFT +RIGHT +MIDDLE The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity: +TV +IV +VR Special multiword units are analysed with: +Multi +MWE (both?)

Non-dictionary words can be recognised with: +Guess

+Gram/TAbbr: Transitive abbreviation (it needs an argument)
+Gram/NoAbbr: Intransitive abbreviations that are homonymous with more frequent words. They should only be considered abbreviations in the middle of a sentence.
+Gram/TNumAbbr: Transitive abbreviation if the following constituent is numeric
+Gram/NumNoAbbr: Transitive abbreviations for which numerals are complements and normal words. The abbreviation usage is less common and thus only the occurences in the middle of the sentence can be considered as true cases.
+Gram/TIAbbr: Both transitive and intransitive abbreviation
+Gram/IAbbr: Intransitive abbreviation (it takes no argument)

Question and Focus particles:

+Qst +Foc
+Clt/gi
+Clt/hAi
+Clt/bo
+Sem/Act Activity
+Sem/Amount Amount
+Sem/Ani Animate
+Sem/Aniprod Animal Product
+Sem/Body Bodypart
+Sem/Body-abstr siellu, vuoig?a, jierbmi
+Sem/Build Building
+Sem/Build-part Part of Bulding, like the closet
+Sem/Cat Category
+Sem/Clth Clothes
+Sem/Clth-jewl Jewelery
+Sem/Clth-part part of clothes, boallu, sávdnji…
+Sem/Ctain Container
+Sem/Ctain-abstr Abstract container like bank account
+Sem/Ctain-clth
+Sem/Curr Currency like dollár, Not Money
+Sem/Dance Dance
+Sem/Dir Direction like GPS-kursa
+Sem/Domain Domain like politics, reindeerherding (a system of actions)
+Sem/Drink Drink
+Sem/Dummytag Dummytag
+Sem/Edu Educational event
+Sem/Event Event
+Sem/Feat Feature, like Árvu
+Sem/Feat-phys Physiological feature, ivdni, fárda
+Sem/Feat-psych Psychological feauture
+Sem/Feat-measr Psychological feauture
+Sem/Fem Female name
+Sem/Food Food
+Sem/Food-med Medicine
+Sem/Furn Furniture
+Sem/Game Game
+Sem/Geom Geometrical object
+Sem/Group Animal or Human Group
+Sem/Hum Human
+Sem/Hum-abstr Human abstract
+Sem/Ideol Ideology
+Sem/Lang Language
+Sem/Mal Male name
+Sem/Mat Material for producing things
+Sem/Measr Measure
+Sem/Money Has to do with money, like wages, not Curr(ency)
+Sem/Obj Object
+Sem/Obj-clo Cloth
+Sem/Obj-cogn Cloth
+Sem/Obj-el (Electrical) machine or apparatus
+Sem/Obj-ling Object with something written on it
+Sem/Obj-rope flexible ropelike object
+Sem/Obj-surfc Surface object
+Sem/Org Organisation
+Sem/Part Feature, oassi, bealli
+Sem/Perc-cogn Cognative perception
+Sem/Perc-emo Emotional perception
+Sem/Perc-phys Physical perception
+Sem/Perc-psych Physical perception
+Sem/Plant Plant
+Sem/Plant-part Plant part
+Sem/Plc Place
+Sem/Plc-abstr Abstract place
+Sem/Plc-elevate Place
+Sem/Plc-line Place
+Sem/Plc-water Place
+Sem/Pos Position (as in social position job)
+Sem/Process Process
+Sem/Prod Product
+Sem/Prod-audio Audio product
+Sem/Prod-cogn Cognition product
+Sem/Prod-ling Linguistic product
+Sem/Prod-vis Visual product
+Sem/Rel Relation
+Sem/Route Name of a Route
+Sem/Rule Rule or convention
+Sem/Semcon Semantic concept
+Sem/Sign Sign (e.g. numbers, punctuation)
+Sem/Sport Sport
+Sem/State
+Sem/State-sick Illness
+Sem/Substnc Substance, like Air and Water
+Sem/Sur Surname
+Sem/Sur-Fem Female Surname
+Sem/Sur-Mal Male Surname
+Sem/Symbol Symbol
+Sem/Time Time
+Sem/Tool Prototypical tool for repairing things
+Sem/Tool-catch Tool used for catching (e.g. fish)
+Sem/Tool-clean Tool used for cleaning
+Sem/Tool-it Tool used in IT
+Sem/Tool-measr Tool used for measuring
+Sem/Tool-music Music instrument
+Sem/Tool-write Writing tool
+Sem/Txt Text (girji, lávlla…)
+Sem/Veh Vehicle
+Sem/Wpn Weapon
+Sem/Wthr The Weather or the state of ground

Pmatch 2021-03-13

semantic types of adverbs

Semantics are classified with

Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech.

+V→N
+V→V
+V→A
+Der
+Der/Tostu with numerals 11-19
+Der/xxx
+Der/Rc used in verbs for deriving reflexive conjugation
+Der/Ta
+Der/Te
+Der/mA
+Der/mine
+Der/Tu
+Der/IA
+Der/mbi comparative
+Der/Us A»N derivation (+Der/AN better?)
+Der/AN A»N derivation
+Der/A Adjective derivation
+Der/MWN Modifier without Noun head

Morphophonology

To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files:

%{aoeInf%} Back vowel infinitive marker %{äöeInf%} Front vowel infinitive marker

%{aäPar%} no diphthongs
%{aäDiph%} This is for diphthongs such as the infinitive marker after i and u stems
%{aäoeöuiy%} with partitive type
%{aäoeö%} newer This is for diphthongs such as the infinitive marker after i and u stems
%{aäuyiØ%} in participle endings anticipating PÄIVY or KOIRU type
%{aä%}
%{oö%}
%{oöØ%} Used in present participle
%{uy%} %{ui%} in imperative before %{aä%}:
%{ijPRC%} participle
%{lnrs%} e.g. in perfect participles
%{dtlnr%} e.g. infinitive and Ind+Prs+Pl3

And following triggers to control variation

%{front%} front harmony until harmony boundary, i.e. word boundary
%{back%} back harmony until harmony boundary, i.e. word boundary
%>
%^DEVOICE
%^VOICE pestä: pezen %^Pen pagisou paistah in with WGStem to trigger pen coda
%^WGStem weak grade
%^E1 causes a:e in kandua : kannettu
%^SyllBound syllable boundary
%^D2Z Triggers ti=>zi
%^A2O before plural “i”
%^A2U +Nom+Sg
%^A2UÄ2Y with single vowels %^E2O the e => o, e => ö +Ind+Prs+ScSg3 %^Ä2I ä => i %^A2UÄ2I a => u, ä => i in consecutive vowels %^V2U v => y kävvä käydy
%^NONE no regular change
%^KS2S “aluksen” is “alus” in the nominative singular
%^ILoss the i => 0 reboi reboloi %^RmVow vowel removal, e.g. with superlative

Symbols that need to be escaped on the lower side (towards twolc):

»7: Literal »

«7: Literal «

**%[%>%]** - Literal >
**%[%<%]** - Literal <

QAQ1
QAO1
EH1
QEQ1
INE1
ZD1
ZS1
V1
AO1
EI1
ZS1
ZD1

These are for developing underlying morphology rules

Symbols that need to be escaped on the lower side (towards twolc):

»
«
(escaped with square brackets, to avoid collision with > as morpheme boundary)
< (escaped with square brackets, to avoid collision with < as morpheme boundary)

Miscellanious tags

+Span

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again: | @P.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @D.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @C.NeedNoun@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm. | @P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ | Require that words tagged as such only appear first | @D.CmpPref.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering ENDLEX | @P.CmpPref.FALSE@ | Block these words from making further compounds | @D.CmpLast.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering R | @D.CmpNone.TRUE@ | Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding | @U.CmpNone.FALSE@ | Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding | @P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ | Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R | @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ | Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags. | @U.Cap.Obl@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. | @U.Cap.Opt@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

Flags used to identify parts of speech

FLAGS USED WITH NUMERALS

cardinal vs ordinal

@U.NUM-TYPE.CARD@
@U.NUM-TYPE.ORD@
@R.NUM-TYPE.ORD@
@D.NUM-TYPE.ORD@
@U.NUM-CARD.WAS@
@R.NUM-CARD.WAS@
@D.NUM-CARD.WAS@
number
@U.DECL-NX.SG@
@U.DECL-NX.SP@
@U.DECL-NX.PL@
@R.DECL-NX.SG@
@R.DECL-NX.SP@
@R.DECL-NX.PL@
case

Orthographical errors? 2021-03-13

@R.ErrOrth.ON@
@C.ErrOrth@
@D.ErrOrth.ON@ earlier undeclared
@P.ErrOrth.ON@ earlier undeclared 2024-05-16

Pmatch 2021-03-13

Removal

@C.DECL-NX@
@C.DECL-CX@
@C.NUM-TYPE@

Flag diacritic	Explanation
@U.number.one@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.two@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.three@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.four@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.five@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.six@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.seven@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.eight@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.nine@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@U.number.zero@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.one@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.two@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.three@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.four@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.five@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.six@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.seven@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.eight@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.nine@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.ten@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;
@P.number.zero@	Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ;

Lexicon Root

adjectives ;
adpositions ;
adverbs ;
conjunctors ;
determiners ;
interjections ;
nouns ;
pronouns ;
propernouns ;
propernouns-toponyms ;
quantifiers ;
verbs ;
rus-Cyrl-2-Lat-ProperNouns ; Derived from urj-Cyrl
Exceptions ;

NEWWORDS FILES A_NEWWORDS ; adjectives ADV_NEWWORDS ; adverbs N_NEWWORDS ; nouns PROP_NEWWORDS ; proper nouns V_NEWWORDS ; verbs

I INCLUDE SOME SMALL LEXICA HERE WAITING FOR OWN FILES, OR PERHAPS THEY COULD STAY HERE

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-adjectives_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. lyhyt+A:lyhy A_ “/(eng) short/(fin) lyhyt” ;

ADD ADJECTIVES BELOW!

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adjectives_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-adverbs_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. rounu+Adv:rounu ADV_ “/(eng) /(fin) tasan” ;

ADD ADVERBS BELOW!

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adverbs_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-exceptions.lexc.md

Special verbal forms

ADJECTIVES Basic ordinals

Adverbs incomplete ##päivy+N+Sg+Ess+Adv+Adv:#piän This should help in compound words Essive

Conjunctors incomplete

MISC

POSTPOSITIONS

Pronouns

Proper given names female

Proper given names male

Place names

Nouns incomplete

identitiettu iänenando iänenandolippu julgavot Jougamoine kirjutannuh koudu kulʼtuurutego livgiläine nielenvaldu muasku noumer partnʼourat piäkirjutus politiekku pyhänpiän sananparzi sportu immigrantat valličendupäivänny valličenduvirguniekku valliiskoikieline Wikipedii

Väinämöine Verbs INCOMPLETE

PROPER NOUNS FROM LIVVI KARELIAN

Undentified Morph

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/exceptions.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-nouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. pappi+N:pappi N_PAPPI “/(eng) priest/(fin) pappi” ;

ERRONEOUS FORMS sluudielaine+N:sluudiela : stuudielaine oldihanukselaine+N:oldihanuksela : oldih_anukselazet

ADD NOUNS BELOW!

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/nouns_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-numerals.lexc.md

Numerals Numerals in the Livvi Karelian language are numbers.

Numerals have been split in three sections, the compounding parts of cardinals and ordinals, and the non-compounding ones:

Numeral examples:*
kaksikymmentäkolmetuhatta: kaksi+Num+Sg+Nom#kymmenen+Num+Sg+Par#kolme+Num+Sg+Nom#tuhat+Num+Sg+Par (Eng. ! 23,000)
kakskymmentäkolmetuhatta: kaksi+Num+Sg+Nom#kymmenen+Num+Sg+Par#kolme+Num+Sg+Nom#tuhat+Num+Sg+Par
kahđessađasneljes: kahđes+A+Ord+Sg+Nom#sađas+A+Ord+Sg+Nom#neljes+A+Ord+Sg+Nom (Eng. ! 204rd)
viitisenkymmentä: viitisen+Num#kymmentä (Eng. ! 50-ish)

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/numerals.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-propernouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. merki:merki PROP_ “/(eng) mark/(fin) merkki” ;

ADD NOUNS BELOW!

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/propernouns_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-rus-Cyrl-2-Lat-propernouns.lexc.md

Male given names that are used for deriving patronymics

Francʼ+N+Prop:Franc

Vili+N+Prop:Vil

FEMALE GIVEN NAMES

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/rus-Cyrl-2-Lat-propernouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-verbs_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. kandua+V:kanda V_KANDUA “/(eng) carry/(fin) kantaa” ;

ADD VERBS BELOW! These Below exist in xml but lack Finnish translation

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/verbs_newwords.lexc

src-fst-phonetics-txt2ipa.xfscript.md

retroflex plosive, voiceless t ʈ 0288, 648 ( = ASCII 096) retroflex plosive, voiced dɖ 0256, 598 labiodental nasal F ɱ 0271, 625 retroflex nasal n ɳ 0273, 627 palatal nasal J ɲ 0272, 626 velar nasal N ŋ 014B, 331 uvular nasal N\ ɴ 0274, 628

bilabial trill B\ ʙ 0299, 665 uvular trill R\ ʀ 0280, 640 alveolar tap 4 ɾ 027E, 638 retroflex flap rɽ 027D, 637 bilabial fricative, voiceless p\ ɸ 0278, 632 bilabial fricative, voiced B β 03B2, 946 dental fricative, voiceless T θ 03B8, 952 dental fricative, voiced D ð 00F0, 240 postalveolar fricative, voiceless S ʃ 0283, 643 postalveolar fricative, voiced Z ʒ 0292, 658 retroflex fricative, voiceless s ʂ 0282, 642 retroflex fricative, voiced z` ʐ 0290, 656 palatal fricative, voiceless C ç 00E7, 231 palatal fricative, voiced j\ ʝ 029D, 669 velar fricative, voiced G ɣ 0263, 611 uvular fricative, voiceless X χ 03C7, 967 uvular fricative, voiced R ʁ 0281, 641 pharyngeal fricative, voiceless X\ ħ 0127, 295 pharyngeal fricative, voiced ?\ ʕ 0295, 661 glottal fricative, voiced h\ ɦ 0266, 614

alveolar lateral fricative, vl. K alveolar lateral fricative, vd. K\

labiodental approximant P (or v) alveolar approximant r\ retroflex approximant r` velar approximant M\

retroflex lateral approximant l` palatal lateral approximant L velar lateral approximant L
Clicks

bilabial O\ (O = capital letter) dental |
(post)alveolar !\ palatoalveolar =\ alveolar lateral ||
Ejectives, implosives

ejective > e.g. ejective p p> implosive < e.g. implosive b b< Vowels

close back unrounded M close central unrounded 1 close central rounded } lax i I lax y Y lax u U

close-mid front rounded 2 close-mid central unrounded @\ close-mid central rounded 8 close-mid back unrounded 7

schwa ə @

open-mid front unrounded E open-mid front rounded 9 open-mid central unrounded 3 open-mid central rounded 3\ open-mid back unrounded V open-mid back rounded O

ash (ae digraph) { open schwa (turned a) 6

open front rounded & open back unrounded A open back rounded Q Other symbols

voiceless labial-velar fricative W voiced labial-palatal approx. H voiceless epiglottal fricative H\ voiced epiglottal fricative <\ epiglottal plosive >\

alveolo-palatal fricative, vl. s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ Suprasegmentals

primary stress “ secondary stress % long : half-long :\ extra-short _X linking mark -
Tones and word accents

level extra high _T level high _H level mid _M level low _L level extra low _B downstep ! upstep ^ (caret, circumflex)

contour, rising contour, falling _F contour, high rising _H_T contour, low rising _B_L

contour, rising-falling _R_F (NB Instead of being written as diacritics with _, all prosodic marks can alternatively be placed in a separate tier, set off by < >, as recommended for the next two symbols.) global rise global fall Diacritics

voiceless 0 (0 = figure), e.g. n_0 voiced _v aspirated _h more rounded _O (O = letter) less rounded _c advanced _+ retracted _- centralized _” syllabic = (or _=) e.g. n= (or n=) non-syllabic _^ rhoticity `

breathy voiced _t creaky voiced _k linguolabial _N labialized _w palatalized ‘ (or _j) e.g. t’ (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\

dental d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g. A~ (or A~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _}

velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/phonetics/txt2ipa.xfscript

src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc.md

We describe here how abbreviations are in Livvi Karelian are read out, e.g. for text-to-speech systems.

For example:

s.:syntynyt # ;
os.:omaa% sukua # ;
v.:vuosi # ;
v.:vuonna # ;
esim.:esimerkki # ;
esim.:esimerkiksi # ;

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc

tools-grammarcheckers-grammarchecker.cg3.md

O L O N E T S I A N G R A M M A R C H E C K E R