Finite state and Constraint Grammar based analysers, proofing tools and other resources
View the project on GitHub giellalt/lang-mdf
All doc-comment documentation in one large file.
Upper and lower case
Sets for parts of speech
Sets for POS sub-categories
Sets for Semantic tags
Sets for Morphosyntactic properties
Sets for Derivation
Subjective adverbs, which are often set off by commas
This will be expanded for homonymy at first
this is an adjective in nominative singular, adnominal attribute this is an adjective in nominative singular,
this is a list of adverbs that modify adjectives
these have homonyms
used to identify motion verbs
вал+N+SP+Abl vs валда+A+Sg+Nom
names that end in у/ю
in SP Gen Indef the next word can be кяль
N ABBR not ABBR
2023_04_09 important part of regular inflection
IS there a @CVP
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/disambiguator.cg3
Sets for POS sub-categories
Sets for Semantic tags
Sets for Morphosyntactic properties
negation marker for fits between negation and conneg
MOOD-V
макссь чарькодемс, Deal with DATAUX separately; they also take MS
@+FAUXV : finite auxiliary verbs
@-FAUXV : non-finite auxiliary verbs
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/functions.cg3
Adjective inflection
The MOKSHA language adjectives compare.
ADJECTIVES
-нь
ош:ош
кяль:кяль
келу:келу
келу:келу
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adjectives.lexc
Pronoun inflection
Adpostions in the Moksha language might also inflect in the same cases as regular nouns, but …
ADPOSITIONS
Checking 2018-11-10
Checking 2018-11-10
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adpositions.lexc
Adverbs
The MOKSHA language adverbs
ADVERBS
LEXICON ADV_DEG пяк
LEXICON ADV_
LEXICON ADV_MOD LEXICON ADV_MANNER
мзярксть
LEXICON ADV_TEMP
ашель:ашель
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adverbs.lexc
Clitics
The MOKSHA language clitics
CLITICS
This is for vowel final Nominatives
This is for PxPl1 and PxPl2
This is for Consonant-final words
This is for Consonant-final words
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/clitics.lexc
Conjunctions
The MOKSHA language conjunctions
CONJUNCTIONS
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/conjunctors.lexc
Interjections
The MOKSHA language interjections
INTERJECTIONS
Contrastive
LEXICON VOCATIVE_ should these really be interjections? 2018-11-10
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/interjections.lexc
Moksha language nouns inflect in cases.
NOUNS
LEXICON N_SARAZ_rus100 homograph of majority language
ава:ава
вальмя:вальмя
вальмя:вальмя
пакся:пакся
пакся:пакся
анды:анды
анды:анды
LEXICON N_OFTA
LEXICON N_OFTA-PL
LEXICON N_PARA
LEXICON N_PANGA
LEXICON N_PINGE Indef with vowel: Nom Sg, Gen, Dat, Cmpr, Prl, Tra
Floating Without vowel
LEXICON N_KIAD1GE frequent use of vowel stemm Indef with vowel: Nom Sg, Gen, Dat, Cmpr, Prl, Tra
Floating Without vowel
LEXICON N_KECHE Indef with vowel: Nom Sg, Gen, Dat, Cmpr, Prl, Tra
Floating
Without vowel
тише:тише
тише:тише
LEXICON N_PULA
LEXICON N_KARIUC1KE
LEXICON N_SEL1ME
LEXICON N_FS
LEXICON N_OSH
LEXICON N_SARAZ
LEXICON N_J
LEXICON N_PEJ
LEXICON N_K
LEXICON N_FT
LEXICON N_BT
LEXICON N_BN
LEXICON N_KAL
LEXICON N_T1
LEXICON N_KIAL1
LEXICON N_PINE
LEXICON N_KELU
NMN
LEXICON NMN_OFTA-PL
Indefinite Definite Sg Possessor Indices
Indefinite Definite Pl
Possessor Indices
Indefinite Definite Sg Definite Sg Possessor Indices
Indefinite Definite Pl
Possessor Indices
Indefinite
Indefinite Definite Sg
Indefinite Definite Pl
Indefinite Definite Pl
Indefinite Definite Sg
Indefinite Definite Pl
Possessor Indices
Indefinite Definite Sg
Indefinite Definite Pl
Indefinite Definite Sg
Indefinite Definite Pl
SG-NOM-INDEF ; SG-DAT/GEN/NOM-DEF ; PXSG1-Sg ;
Indefinite Definite Pl
SG-NOM-INDEF ; SG-DAT/GEN/NOM-DEF ; PXSG1-Sg ;
PL-NOM-INDEF ; PL-DAT/GEN/NOM-DEF ;
MUTUAL NOMINAL
Definite Sg Possessor Indices
Definite Pl Possessor Indices
Possessor Indices
PXSG1-Pl ;
Ананьина К.И. 2000 53
сельме+N+SP+Gen+Indef
сельмо%>0нь
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/nouns.lexc
Quantifier inflection
Numerals in the MOKSHA language inflect in the same cases as regular nouns.
NUMERALS
NUMBERS
омбонцт:омбонц
LEXICON ARABICCASE adds +Arab
+Arab+Ord:%- ORDINALS_WITH_CE ; no +Err tags added here. «DIGITCASE0» automatically adds an +Err/Orth pair 2025-06-27
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/numbers.lexc
Particles
The MOKSHA language particles …
PARTICLES
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/particles.lexc
Pronoun inflection
The Moksha language pronouns inflect in the same cases as regular nouns, but …
PRONOUNS
эсь+A+Sg+Nom+Indef:эсь ENDLEX “oma” ; seen in grammars as a pronoun base, but this does not occur as a pronoun.
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
INDEFINITE PRONOUNS
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/pronouns.lexc
Proper noun inflection
The MOKSHA language proper nouns inflect in the same cases as regular nouns, but with a colon (‘:’) as separator.
Male given name for deriving patronyms
Вили:Вил
Russian type Surnames Абдеев:Абдеев
Багрий:Багр
Аморский:Аморск
PLACE NAMES FROM TEMPLATES
LEXICON PROP_KAL_PLC ending in other consonant
LEXICON PROP_KUDO_PLC ending in vowel
PROPER NOUNS
LEXICON PROP_PEJ_PLC ending in vowel
LEXICON PROP_AVA ending in vowel
LEXICON PROP_PEJ ending in vowel
LEXICON PROP_KELU ending in u
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/propernouns.lexc
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/symbols.lexc
The Moksha language verbs inflect in persons.
тумс:ту
BOTH IV and TV
OBJECT and SUBJECT VERBS
пачкодемс:пачкодь
SUBJECT ONLY VERBS
андомс:анд
сявомс:сяв
пачкодемс:пачкодь
андовомс:андов
няемс:ня
мумс+V+Infмумс+V+Ind+Prt1+ScSg1+OcSg2мумс+V+Ind+Prt1+ScSg3+OcSg3мумс+V+Ind+Prt1+ScSg3мумс+V+Conj+ScSg3+OcSg3COND-ALL
+Cond:й%>%{ЕОØ%}ндяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
COND-ALL
+NegCnd:й%>%{ЕОØ%}фтяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@+Ind+Prs:@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@ VERB-ZERO-ALL ; This is done here to leave the same ending open for COND-ALL
COND-ALL
+Cond:%>%{ЕОØ%}ндяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
COND-ALL
+NegCnd:%>%{ЕОØ%}фтяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
ашень, тят, афоль сявомс+V+ConNeg take/ottaa
@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@+Ind+Prs:@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@й VERB-ZERO-SC ; This is done here to leave the same ending open for COND-ALL
@R.CONJ.ObjAll@@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@+Ind+Prs:@R.CONJ.ObjAll@@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@й VERB-ZERO-OC2 ; This is done here to leave the same ending open for COND-ALL
@R.CONJ.ObjAll@@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@+Ind+Prs:@R.CONJ.ObjAll@@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@ VERB-ZERO-OC13 ; This is done here to leave the same ending open for COND-ALL
COND-ALL
+Cond:й%>%{ЕОØ%}ндяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
COND-ALL
+NegCnd:й%>%{ЕОØ%}фтяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
LEXICON V0_NJAJEMS няемс:ня
@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@+Ind+Prs:@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@й VERB-ZERO-SC ; This is done here to leave the same ending open for COND-ALL
@R.CONJ.ObjAll@@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@+Ind+Prs:@R.CONJ.ObjAll@@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@й VERB-ZERO-OC2 ; This is done here to leave the same ending open for COND-ALL
@R.CONJ.ObjAll@@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@+Ind+Prs:@R.CONJ.ObjAll@@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@й VERB-ZERO-OC13 ; This is done here to leave the same ending open for COND-ALL
:й IND-PRT1-SC3 ; This is a difference from ТИЕМС
COND-ALL
+Cond:й%>%{ЕОØ%}ндяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
COND-ALL
+NegCnd:й%>%{ЕОØ%}фтяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
LEXICON V-AUX-NEG-PRT1_ASHEZJ ашезь:аш
LEXICON V-AUX-NEG-PRT1_IZJ изь:изь
FROM MYV
@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@+Ind+Prs:@U.CONJ-MX.IND@@U.CONJ-TX.NONPAST@ VERB-ZERO-ALL ; This is done here to leave the same ending open for COND-ALL
COND-ALL
+Cond:%>%{ЕОØ%}ндяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
COND-ALL
+NegCnd:%>%{ЕОØ%}фтяря COND-4CONJ-ALL ;
ашень, тят, афоль кирдемс+V+ConNeg tolerate/kestää ашень кирде
redo conj 2012-11-07 begin
end of MYV BORROWING
NON-FINITES
GERUNDS
PARTICIPLES
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs.lexc
This file documents the phonology.twolc file
а б в г д е ё ж з и й к л м н о п р с т у ф х ц ч ш щ ъ ы ь э ю я
А Б В Г Д Е Ё Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ъ Ы Ь Э Ю Я
This will represent schwa in first syllable
2016-03-12 %^А2О:0 used with final а in пула
%{ЬØ%}:0 after imperative Sg2 %{ЬØ%}:ь after imperative Sg2 %{ВИУ%}:в lative
%{АЯ%}:я А2 in панемс:панян %{ИЫЙ%}:й phasing out Ы2, eg кундамс:кундай %{ИЫЙ%}:ы phasing out Ы2, eg кандомс:канды %{ИЫЙ%}:и phasing out Ы2, eg панемс:пани
%{ЕОØ%}:е morpheme onset linking vowel from %^О1 %{ЕОØ%}:о morpheme onset linking vowel from %^О1 %{ЕОØ%}:0 morpheme onset linking vowel from %^О1 also пинге
%{АЕØ%}:а ConNeg with ашень, тят, афоль
%{АО%}:а пула stem %{АО%}:о пула stem %{АОØ%}:а офта stem %{АОØ%}:о офта stem %{АОØ%}:0 офта stem
%{ЕО%}:е сельме %{ЕО%}:о
%{ЕØ%}:е кече %{ЕØ%}:0
%{АЕ%}:а prolative
%{Х%}:0 This usually precedes the plural marker
%{DIM%}:н This will be for diminutive initial consonant
%{КТ%}:т used in imperative and connegative
in ped realized as hard sign
%^Devoice:0 for devoicing изь:исть %^PXSG1:0 кядне, ярмаконе не vs %{ЕОØ%}не %^CnsSt:0 улемс:уль%^CnsSt%>%{АЕØ%} %^Glide:0 Толстой:Толстой%^Glide%>нь
Vows = а о у ы э я ё ю и е ;
verbStemVows = а о э я ё е ;
verbStemVowStrong = а о э я ё е ;
noGlideVow = а о у ы э ;
glideVow = я ё ю и е ;
BTV = а о у я ё ю ; ! Back Trigger Vowels
FTV = ы и е э ; ! Front Trigger Vowels
Cns = б в г д ж з й к л м н п р с т ф х ц ч ш щ ;
CnsAndSoft = б в г д ж з й к л м н п р с т ф х ц ч ш щ ь ;
NPC = б в г д ж з к л м н п р с т ф х ц ч ш щ ; ! Nonpalatal Consonants
CnsVoiced = б в г д ж з й л м н р ;
CnsVoicedDent = д з л н р ;
CnsVoicedNonDent = б в г ж й м ;
CnsVoiceless = к п с т ф х ц ч ш щ ;
CnsVoicelessDent = с т ц ;
CnsVoicelessNonDent = к п ф х ч ш щ ;
CnsNonDent = б в г ж к м п ф х ч ш щ ;
CnsDent = д з л н р с т ц ;
CnsDentNoL = д з н р с т ц ;
Letters = Vows Cns ь ъ ;
verbStemVowStrong:0
у:0
тумс+V+Ind+Prs+ScSg1
о:0
A1:o
%{ИЫЙ%}:j
%{ИЫЙ%}:ы
%{ИЫЙ%}:и
%{ИЫЙ%}:0 араламс+V+Der/NomAg+Sg+Nom+PxSg3: protect/puolustaa
%{ЕОØ%}:о район+N+SP+Gen+Indef:
%{ЕОØ%}:е LEFT
%{ЕОØ%}:е RIGHT
%{ЕОØ%}:0 RIGHT вай+N+Sg+Nom+PxSg1 oil,butter/voi
%{АОØ%}:о
%{АОØ%}:а
%{АОØ%}:0 офта+N+Sg+Nom+Def bear/ohto, karhu
%{АО%}:о пула+N+Sg+Nom+Def: tail
%{АО%}:а
Vx:0 %{ЕО%}:0
{АО}:0 before Lat калма+N+SP+Lat+Indef:
%{ЕО%}:е
%{ЕО%}:о
%{ЕØ%}:е
%{ЕØ%}:0 тяште+N+Pl+Nom+Def star/tähti
0:j
е:0 идемс+V+Der/NomAg+N+Pl+Nom+PxPl1
е:о
е:а
е:я
≈ * Rules final е lowered to я
%{АЕ%}:я
%{ЕОØ%}:я
%{ЕО%}:я
%{ЕØ%}:я
а:е
а:о
я:а
%{АЕØ%}:а Always
%{АЕØ%}:а Sometimes
%{АЕØ%}:е Always
%{АЕØ%}:е Sometimes
мокша+N+Sg+Nom+Def: Moksha
%{АЕØ%}:0 Always
%{АЕØ%}:0 Sometimes
%{АЕ%}:a
вал+Hom1+N+Sg+Nom+Indef+Clt/Add: word/sana
%{АЕ%}:е
менель+N+SP+Prl+Indef sky/taivas
%{АЯ%}:ya
кунда>{ИЫЙ}:0>{АЯ}:ят
%{АЯ%}:a
j:0 LEFT
корхнемс+V+NomAg+Pl+Nom+Def: visit, talk/jutella
j:0 RIGHT
седи+N+Pl+Nom+Indef heart/sydän
араламс+V+Der/NomAg+Sg+Nom+PxSg3: protect/puolustaa
j:0 RIGHT
ye:e always
ye:e sometimes
a:ya
о:а
удомс+V+Ind+ConNeg
** %{Х%}:0 after vowel**
валда+N+Pl+Nom+Def light/valo
** %{Х%}:х after some consonants**
ваны+N+Pl+Nom+Def watcher/katsoja
м:п ям
ям+N+Pl+Nom+Indef: stew/keitto
в:ф кев
б:п сруб
н:т сан
сан+N+Pl+Nom+Indef: sinew/suoni
d:t
кулхцондомс+V+Imprt+ScSg2: listen
З:С изь+V+Aux+Neg+Ind+Prt1+ScPl3: they did not
ис000%>ть
Ж:Ш
ж:ч панчсь
г:к кельгомс+V+Ind+Prs+ScSg1+OcSg2: love/rakastaa
с:ц ломань:ломанць
G1:0
G1:g
вал+Hom1+N+Sg+Nom+Indef+Foc word/sana
G1:k
вал+Hom1+N+SP+Ill+Indef+Foc word/sana
%{ВИУ%}:v
%{ВИУ%}:i учительскай+N+SP+Lat+Indef: teachers’ lounge/opettajain huone
%{ВИУ%}:u уша+N+SP+Lat+Indef: outdoors
G2:g
вальмя+N+SP+Prl+Indef
G2:k
G4:0
G4:k
m:0
К1 %{КТ%}:t left
К1 %{КТ%}:t right
К1 %{КТ%}:к left
К1 %{КТ%}:к right
**К1 %{КТ%}:0 ** кельгомс+V+ConNegII:
%{ЬØ%}:ь
%{ЬØ%}:0
зепе+N+Pl+Nom+Indef: pocket/tasku
ши+N+Pl+Nom+Indef: day/päivä
Plural before definite plural following a consonant
t:0
Ананьина К.И. 2000: 55
s:0
y:0
plural
ингольден0>не
учемс+V+Ind+Prt1+ScSg3
нярь+N+Sg+Gen+PxSg2: hand; arm
няр0%>це
изь+V+Aux+Neg+Ind+Prt1+ScPl3: they did not
%{DIM%}:н
%{DIM%}:к
%{ъØ%}:ъ
Disallow TLoss after non-t
Disallow KLoss after non-k
Disallow SLoss after non-s
Disallow Glide after non-glides
Disallow овок
Disallow Онга
Disallow -кс: нетькскс
Disallow -гя only after a few
Disallow special imperative in K after vowel stems
Disallow final е lowering to я tag elsewhere
Disallow onset vowel after voiced cons
Disallow Ь2ZERO
Disallow ЬKEEP
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc
INTRODUCTION TO MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF THE Moksha LANGUAGE.
The morphological analyses of wordforms of the Moksha language are presented in this system in terms of following symbols. (It is highly suggested to follow existing standards when adding new tags). +TYÄ Underdeveloped.
The parts-of-speech tags are:
+V: verb
The parts of speech are further split up into: Nouns:
+Sg1 +Sg2 +Sg3 +Pl1 +Pl2 +Pl3
Adverbs:
Interjections:
+Err/Orth-pre2012 * previous orthography
+Use/-GC – never retained in the HFST Grammar Checker disambiguation analyser
+Err/Lex * The lemma is not a Moksha word
The nominals are inflected in the following Case and Number
The possession is marked as such:
** +PxPl3 **: third person plural
Particles
кавксть, kpv: кыкысьVerb voice:
Verb tenses are +Prs present and future ! nominal conjugation as well +Prt1 preterite I ! only finite verbal +Prt2 preterite II ! nominal conjugation as well
Verb personal forms are:
+ScSg1 subject conjugation first person singular +ScSg2 subject conjugation second person singular +ScSg3 subject conjugation third person singular +ScPl1 subject conjugation first person plural +ScPl2 subject conjugation second person plural +ScPl3 subject conjugation third person plural
+OcSg1 objject conjugation first person singular +OcSg2 objject conjugation second person singular +OcSg3 objject conjugation third person singular +OcPl1 objject conjugation first person plural +OcPl2 objject conjugation second person plural +OcPl3 objject conjugation third person plural
Other verb forms are +ConNeg connegative, main verb complement to Neg, vowel-stem +ConNegII connegative, main verb complement to Neg, cons-stem +Ger gerund This is used with Der/Озь and VAbl +Inf infinitive +Neg verb of negation эзь, аволь, иля +Aux auxiliary verb +Prc participle +VGen Verb Genitive, genitive form participle +VAbl Verb Ablative “озадо”
+ABBR Abbreviation
Special symbols are classified with:
The verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity: +TV transitive verb +IV intransitive verb Special multiword units are analysed with: Non-dictionary words can be recognised with:
Compounding
Question and Focus particles:
+Clt/AddNgA
+v24
Semantics are classified with
Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech.
+Der/Dimin diminutive markers in ня and кя seem to be subject of complementary distribution
The following tags are used to guide conversion to IPA: loan words and foreign names are usually pronounced (approximately) as in the originating (majority) language. Instead of trying to identify the correct pronunciation based on phonotactics (orthotactics actually), we tag all words that can’t be correctly transcribed using the SME transcriber with source language codes. Once tagged, it is possible to split the lexical transducer in smaller ones according to langu- age, and apply different IPA conversion to each of them. The principle of tagging is that we only tag to the extent needed, and following a priority:
Morphophonology To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files: %{ИЫЙ%} phasing out Ы2, eg кундамс:кундай %{ЕОØ%} morphemes requiring a preceding vowel; also пинге %{ЕО%} сельме %{ЕØ%} кече %{АЯ%} А2 in кундамс:кундан %{ВИУ%} lative %{Х%} This usually precedes the plural marker %{КТ%} used in imperative and connegative %{ЬØ%} after imperative Sg2 %{DIM%} This will be for diminutive initial consonant
2016-03-12 %^А2О used with final а in пула
А2 А2:а А2:я
%{вгк%} %{вгк%}:г %{вгк%}:в %{вгк%}:к
%{гк%} clitic in %{гк%} %{АЕ%}
К1 К1:к К1:т
%{АЕØ%} ConNeg with ашень, тят, афоль
%{АО%} пула stem
%{АОØ%} офта stem
%{АЕ%} prolative
Х1 Х1:х Х1:0
Ь2 Ь2:ь Ь2:0
%{ъØ%} This will represent schwa in first syllable
in ped realized as hard sign
And following triggers to control variation
We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again: | @P.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @D.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @C.NeedNoun@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised
For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm. | @P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ | Require that words tagged as such only appear first | @D.CmpPref.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering ENDLEX | @P.CmpPref.FALSE@ | Block these words from making further compounds | @D.CmpLast.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering R | @D.CmpNone.TRUE@ | Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding | @U.CmpNone.FALSE@ | Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding | @P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ | Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R | @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ | Disallow words coming directly from root.
Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags. | @U.Cap.Obl@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. | @U.Cap.Opt@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.
@D.CONJ-MX.IND@ 2012-11-04 should this be D or N
@R.DECL-NX.PL@
@U.CX.TEMP@
| Flag diacritic | Explanation |
|---|---|
| @U.number.one@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.two@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.three@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.four@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.five@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.six@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.seven@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.eight@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.nine@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
| @U.number.zero@ | Flag used to give arabic numerals in smj different cases ; |
The word forms in Moksha language start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes, or optionally from prefixes: These have been slightly modified from kpv and myv
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc
This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. од:од A_KAL “(eng) /(fin)/(rus) “ ;
ADD ADJECTIVES BELOW
Adding more 2016-05-22
Adding more 2020-03-08
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adjectives-russian-like_newwords.lexc
This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. духовнай:духовнай A_PEJ “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;
ADD NOUNS BELOW
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adjectives_newwords.lexc
Exceptions are quite strange word-forms. the ones that do not fit anywhere else. This file contains all enumerated word forms that cannot reasonably be created from lexical data by regular inflection. Usually there should be next to none exceptions, it’s always better to have a paradigm that covers only one or few words than an exception since these will not work nicely with e.g. compounding scheme or possibly many end applications.
MISSING ADV
check numerals
MISSING CS
MISSING Pcle
IRREGULAR diminutives
MISSING V
VOCATIVES
TOPONYMY
PROPER NAMES
Wife NAMES
QUESTIONABLE FORMS
FOREIGN WORDS A
PCLE
NOUNS
PROP
MISSING VALENCY
more words for Mormula
RUSSIAN VERBS
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/exceptions.lexc
This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. автор:автор N_KAL “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;
ADD NOUNS BELOW
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/nouns_newwords.lexc
This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. автор:автор PROP_KAL “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;
ADD PROPER NOUNS BELOW
MOKSHA PROPER NAMES
Moksha proper nouns
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/propernouns_newwords.lexc
This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. автор:автор N_KAL “(eng) /(fin) /(rus) “ ;
ADD VERBS BELOW
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/verbs_newwords.lexc
retroflex plosive, voiceless t ʈ 0288, 648 ( = ASCII 096)
retroflex plosive, voiced d ɖ 0256, 598
labiodental nasal F ɱ 0271, 625
retroflex nasal n ɳ 0273, 627
palatal nasal J ɲ 0272, 626
velar nasal N ŋ 014B, 331
uvular nasal N\ ɴ 0274, 628
bilabial trill B\ ʙ 0299, 665
uvular trill R\ ʀ 0280, 640
alveolar tap 4 ɾ 027E, 638
retroflex flap r ɽ 027D, 637
bilabial fricative, voiceless p\ ɸ 0278, 632
bilabial fricative, voiced B β 03B2, 946
dental fricative, voiceless T θ 03B8, 952
dental fricative, voiced D ð 00F0, 240
postalveolar fricative, voiceless S ʃ 0283, 643
postalveolar fricative, voiced Z ʒ 0292, 658
retroflex fricative, voiceless s ʂ 0282, 642
retroflex fricative, voiced z` ʐ 0290, 656
palatal fricative, voiceless C ç 00E7, 231
palatal fricative, voiced j\ ʝ 029D, 669
velar fricative, voiced G ɣ 0263, 611
uvular fricative, voiceless X χ 03C7, 967
uvular fricative, voiced R ʁ 0281, 641
pharyngeal fricative, voiceless X\ ħ 0127, 295
pharyngeal fricative, voiced ?\ ʕ 0295, 661
glottal fricative, voiced h\ ɦ 0266, 614
alveolar lateral fricative, vl. K alveolar lateral fricative, vd. K\
labiodental approximant P (or v) alveolar approximant r\ retroflex approximant r` velar approximant M\
retroflex lateral approximant l`
palatal lateral approximant L
velar lateral approximant L
Clicks
bilabial O\ (O = capital letter)
dental |
(post)alveolar !\
palatoalveolar =\
alveolar lateral ||
Ejectives, implosives
ejective > e.g. ejective p p> implosive < e.g. implosive b b< Vowels
close back unrounded M close central unrounded 1 close central rounded } lax i I lax y Y lax u U
close-mid front rounded 2 close-mid central unrounded @\ close-mid central rounded 8 close-mid back unrounded 7
schwa ə @
open-mid front unrounded E open-mid front rounded 9 open-mid central unrounded 3 open-mid central rounded 3\ open-mid back unrounded V open-mid back rounded O
ash (ae digraph) { open schwa (turned a) 6
open front rounded & open back unrounded A open back rounded Q Other symbols
voiceless labial-velar fricative W voiced labial-palatal approx. H voiceless epiglottal fricative H\ voiced epiglottal fricative <\ epiglottal plosive >\
alveolo-palatal fricative, vl. s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ Suprasegmentals
primary stress “
secondary stress %
long :
half-long :\
extra-short _X
linking mark -
Tones and word accents
level extra high _T level high _H level mid _M level low _L level extra low _B downstep ! upstep ^ (caret, circumflex)
contour, rising contour, falling _F contour, high rising _H_T contour, low rising _B_L
contour, rising-falling _R_F
(NB Instead of being written as diacritics with _, all prosodic
marks can alternatively be placed in a separate tier, set off
by < >, as recommended for the next two symbols.)
global rise
voiceless 0 (0 = figure), e.g. n_0 voiced _v aspirated _h more rounded _O (O = letter) less rounded _c advanced _+ retracted _- centralized _” syllabic = (or _=) e.g. n= (or n=) non-syllabic _^ rhoticity `
breathy voiced _t creaky voiced _k linguolabial _N labialized _w palatalized ‘ (or _j) e.g. t’ (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\
dental d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g. A~ (or A~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _}
velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/phonetics/txt2ipa.xfscript
We describe here how abbreviations are in Moksha are read out, e.g. for text-to-speech systems.
For example:
This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc
[ L A N G U A G E ] G R A M M A R C H E C K E R
This section lists all the tags inherited from the fst, and used as tags in the syntactic analysis. The next section, Sets, contains sets defined on the basis of the tags listed here, those set names are not visible in the output.
BOS EOS
N A Adv V Pron CS CC CC-CS Po Pr Pcle Num Interj ABBR ACR CLB LEFT RIGHT WEB PPUNCT PUNCT
COMMA ¶
Pers Dem Interr Indef Recipr Refl Rel Coll NomAg Prop Allegro Arab Romertall
Nom Acc Gen Ill Loc Com Ess Ess Sg Du Pl Cmp/SplitR Cmp/SgNom Cmp/SgGen Cmp/SgGen PxSg1 PxSg2 PxSg3 PxDu1 PxDu2 PxDu3 PxPl1 PxPl2 PxPl3 Px
Comp Superl Attr Ord Qst IV TV Prt Prs Ind Pot Cond Imprt ImprtII Sg1 Sg2 Sg3 Du1 Du2 Du3 Pl1 Pl2 Pl3 Inf ConNeg Neg PrfPrc VGen PrsPrc Ger Sup Actio VAbess
Err/Orth
Sem/Act Sem/Ani Sem/Atr Sem/Body Sem/Clth Sem/Domain Sem/Feat-phys Sem/Fem Sem/Group Sem/Lang Sem/Mal Sem/Measr Sem/Money Sem/Obj Sem/Obj-el Sem/Org Sem/Perc-emo Sem/Plc Sem/Sign Sem/State-sick Sem/Sur Sem/Time Sem/Txt
HUMAN
PROP-ATTR PROP-SUR
TIME-N-SET
@+FAUXV @+FMAINV @-FAUXV @-FMAINV @-FSUBJ> @-F<OBJ @-FOBJ> @-FSPRED<OBJ @-F<ADVL @-FADVL> @-F<SPRED @-F<OPRED @-FSPRED> @-FOPRED> @>ADVL @ADVL< @<ADVL @ADVL> @ADVL @HAB> @<HAB @>N @Interj @N< @>A @P< @>P @HNOUN @INTERJ @>Num @Pron< @>Pron @Num< @OBJ @<OBJ @OBJ> @OPRED @<OPRED @OPRED> @PCLE @COMP-CS< @SPRED @<SPRED @SPRED> @SUBJ @<SUBJ @SUBJ> SUBJ SPRED OPRED @PPRED @APP @APP-N< @APP-Pron< @APP>Pron @APP-Num< @APP-ADVL< @VOC @CVP @CNP OBJ