Liv language model documentation

All doc-comment documentation in one large file.

src-cg3-disambiguator.cg3.md

Livonian disambiguator #

Sets

Sentence delimiters are the following: “<.>” “<…>” “<!>” “<?>” “<¶>”

Part-of-Speech

N = noun
A = adjective
Num = numeral
V = verb
Adv = adverb
Pcle = particle
Pr = preposition
Po = postposition
Pron = pronoun
Interj = interjection

Numerus

Sg = Singular
Pl = Plural
Sg1 = Singular 1.p.
Sg2 = Singular 2.p.
Sg3 = Singular 3.p.
Pl1 = Plural 1.p.
Pl2 = Plural 2.p.
Pl3 = Plural 3.p.

Cases

Nom
Gen
Acc
Par
Ine
Ill
Ela
Ade
Abe
All
Abl
Ess
Tra
Ins
Com
SUBJ-CASE = Nom Par

Types

Prop = Proper noun
Interr = Interrogative
Dem = demonstrative pron
Rel = Relative pron Relpronpl “mikkä ja “jokka” Relpronsg “mikä” ja “joka” Interrpronpl “kuka” ja “mikä”
Pers = Personal pron
Indef = Indef pron
Inf = Infinitive
ConNeg = Conjugated as Negative form
PrfPrc = Perfectum Particip
Imprt = Imperative
Act = Active
Neg = Negation verb
COMMA = comma
Foc/kaan = focus clitic -kaan
Foc/kaan = focus clitic -kaan

Sets with more members

WORD = all PoS
NPMOD = these can modify a noun
NPMODADV = NPMOD plus adverb
NOT-NPMOD = these cannot modify a noun
NOT-NPMODADV = these cannot modify a noun, and is not adverb
QVANT-ADV = e.g. paljon, vähän
KUNKA = e.g. kunka missä (adverbs that start a sentence)

Boundaries

S-BOUNDARY = words that start a sentence

Verbs

SV-BOUNDARY = words that start a sentence and finite verb

Disambiguation rules

Dialects

Early rules

person_test selects finite verb if there is a Pron Pers to the left
adv_after_V selects adverb if there is a verb to the right
prop_infrontof_kieli removes propernoun in fron of kieli, if it kan be something else, e.g. Kainun kieli
PropInit removes propernoun in the beginning of a sentence if it kan be a CC or a Pr (e.g. Mutta)
PropNotInit selects propernoun if it is not in the beginning of a sentence

Possessive suffixes

Numeral phrases

Preposition/postposition/adverb rules

Prifgenpar selects preposition to the left of Gen or Par
Poifgenpar selects postposition to the right of Gen or Par
vasthaan

Rules for mapping @CVP and @CNP on the CC and CS

CVP maps @CVP to CS and mutta
CNPifN maps @CNP to CC between two N
CNPifInf maps @CNP to CC between two Inf

Case rules

Partitive

Genitive

Illative

Number rules

More disambiguation rules

SgNotPl

Elative

Propernouns

Verbs

Specific verbs

ei negation verb

eli

Adverbs

paljon

kerran

jälkhiin

Adjectives

Conjunctions

Subjunctions

että

jos

sillä

Pronouns

Verb rules, Verbs

Infinitive

Present Sg3

Present Pl3 or PrsPrc

Present Pl3 or Passive

Imperative

Past tense

Prt Pl3 or Prt Sg2

Negative verb

Relative pronouns

Pl3ollaifplrelpronandplinterrpron selects Pl3 if olla
Sg3ollaifplrelpronandplinterrpron selects Sg3 if olla
Sg3ollainpretandperf selects Sg3 if COPULAS
Sg3ollainpretandperf selects Sg3 if COPULAS
Relpronandnotintterpron selects Rel Sg if Interr
Relpronandnotintterpron selects Rel Sg if Interr
interrpron selects Interr if ? in the end
DifferenceBetweenNiitäImprtAndNiitäDemAndPersIfSubj selects Pron Dem Pl or Pron Pers Pl3 when finite verb to the right
paljonadvandnotpaljonoun selects Adv if paljon
Relpronifitsanounoracommabeforeit selects Rel Pl if N to the left
annaimperativeandnotannaname removes Prop if Anna se
tulinounfromtuliprtsg3 selects V Sg
dempronandnotpronpers selects Den if A of N to the right
Imperativefromconneg selects and removes ConNeg
ImperativeafterNeg removes Imprt if pronoun
interrel selects Interr of Rel if CS to the right
+FMAINV to the remaining finite verbs which are not AUX

HNOUN MAPPING

@<ADVLcoor (@<ADVL) for ADVLCASEAdv if @CNP to the left and ADVL to the left of it
X maps X everywhere
REMOVE X removes X whenever there is any other tag.
WORDLEMMA = regex giving the lemma in question
errorth removes Err/Orth if there is an analysis without Err/Orth with the same lemma

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/disambiguator.cg3

src-cg3-functions.cg3.md

Sets for POS sub-categories
Sets for Semantic tags
Sets for Morphosyntactic properties
Sets for verbs
V is all readings with a V tag in them, REAL-V should be the ones without an N tag following the V.
The REAL-V set thus awaits a fix to the preprocess V … N bug.
The set COPULAS is for predicative constructions
NP sets defined according to their morphosyntactic features
The PRE-NP-HEAD family of sets

These sets model noun phrases (NPs). The idea is to first define whatever can occur in front of the head of the NP, and thereafter negate that with the expression WORD - premodifiers.

The set NOT-NPMOD is used to find barriers between NPs. Typical usage: … (*1 N BARRIER NPT-NPMOD) … meaning: Scan to the first noun, ignoring anything that can be part of the noun phrase of that noun (i.e., “scan to the next NP head”)

Miscellaneous sets
Border sets and their complements
Syntactic sets

These were the set types.

HABITIVE MAPPING

hab1
hab2
hab3 ( @ADVL>) for hab-actor and hab-case; if leat to the right, and Nom to the right of leat. Lots of restrictions.
habNomLeft
hab4
hab6
hab7
hab8 This is not HAB
hab5 This is not HAB
habDain ( @ADVL>) for (Pron Dem Pl Loc) if leat followed by Nom to the right
habGen ( @<ADVL) hab for Gen; if Gen is located in the end of the sentence and Nom is sentence initial
spred<obj (@SPRED<OBJ) for Acc; the object of an SPRPED. Not to be mistaken with OPRED. If SPRED is to the left, and copulas is to the left of it. Nom or Hab are found sentence initially.
Hab<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas, goallut or jápmit is FMAINV and habitive or human Loc is found to the left. OR: if Ill or @Pron< followed by HAB are found to the left.
Hab>Advlcase<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; it allows adverbials with Ill/Loc/Com/Ess to be found inbetween HAB and .
Nom>Advlcase<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; it allows adverbials with Ill/Loc/Com/Ess to be found inbetween Nom and @<SUBJ.
<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom; if copulas to the left, and some kind of adverb, N Loc, time related word or Po to the left of it. OR: if Ill or @Pron< to the left, followed by copulas and the before mentioned to the left of copulas.
<spred ( @<SUBJ) for Nom, but not for Pers. To the left boahtit or heaŋgát as MAINV, and futher to the left is some kind of place related word, or time related word
<spredQst1 ( @<SUBJ) for Nom in a typically question sentence; if A) Hab, some kind of place word, Po or Nom to the left, and Qst followed by copulas to the left. B) same as a, only the Qst-pcle is attached to copulas. C) Qst to the left, with copulas to its left, but not if two Nom:s are found somewhere to the right. D) copulas to the left, and BOS to the left. E) Loc or Ill to the left, and Loc or Hab to the left of this, Qst and copulas to the left. F) Num @>N to the left, Hab, some kind of place word, Po or Nom to the left, and Qst followed by copulas to the left. NOTE) for all these rules; human, Loc or Sem/Plc not allowed to the right.
<spredQst2 (@<SPRED) for Nom; in a typically question sentence; differs from <spredQst1 by not beeing as restricted to the right. Though you are not allowed to be Pers or human.
Nom<spredQst (@<SPRED) for Nom; in a typically question sentence. Differs from <spredQst2 by letting Nom be found between SPRED and copulas
<spred (@<SPRED) for A Nom or N Nom if; the subject Nom is on the same side of copulas as you: on the right side of copulas
<spredVeara (@<SPRED) for veara + Nom; if genitive immediately to the right, and intransitive mainverb to the right of genitive
leftCop<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas is the main verb to the left, and there is no Ess found to the left of cop (note that Loc is allowed between target and cop). OR: if you are Coll or Sem/Group with copulas to your left.
<spredLocEXPERIMENT (@<SPRED) for material Loc; if you are to the right of copulas, and the Nom to the left of copulas is not a hab-actor
NumTime (@<SPRED) for A Nom
<spredSg (@<SPRED) for Sg Nom
<spredPg (@<SPRED) for Pl Nom
<spred (@<SPRED) for Nom; if copulas to the left, and Nom or sentence boundary to the left of copulas. First one to the right is EOS.
<spred (@<SPRED) for N Ess
spredEss> (@SPRED>) for N Ess; if copulas to the right of you, and if an NP with nom-case first one to your left.
HABSpredSg> (@SPRED>) for Nom; if habitive first one to the left, followed by copulas.
GalleSpred> (@SPRED>) for Num Nom; if sentence initial
spredSgMII> (@SPRED>)
r492> (@SPRED>) for Interr Gen; consisting only of negations. You are not allowed to be MII. You are not allowed to have an adjective or noun to yor right. You are not allowed to have a verb to your right; the exception beeing an aux.
AdjSpredSg> (@SPRED>) for A Sg Nom; if copulas to the right, but not if A or @<SPRED are found to the right of copulas
SpredSg>Hab (@SPRED>) for Nom; if you are sentence initial, copulas is located to the right, and there is a habitive to the right of copulas
Spred>SubjInf (@SPRED>) for Nom; if copulas to the right, and the subject of copulas is an Inf to the right
spredCoord (@<SPRED) coordination for Nom; only if there already is a SPRED to the left of CNP. Not if there is some kind of comparison involved.
subj>Sgnr1 (@SUBJ>) for Nom Sg, including Indef Nom if; VFIN + Sg3 or Pl3 to the right (VFIN not allowed to the left)
subj>Du (@SUBJ>) for dual nominatives, including Coll Nom. VFIN + Du3 to the right.
subj>Pl (@SUBJ>) for plural nominatives, including Coll and Sem/Group. VFIN + Pl3 to the right.
subj>Pl (@SUBJ>) for plural nominatives
subj>Sgnr2 (@SUBJ>) for Nom Sg; if VFIN + Sg3 to the right.
<subjSg (@<SUBJ) for Nom Sg; if VFIN Sg3 or Du2 to the left (no HAB allowed to the left).
f<advl (@-F<ADVL) for infinite adverbials
f<advl (@-F<ADVL) for infinite adverbials
s-boundary=advl> (@ADVL>) for ADVL that resemble s-booundaries. Mainverb to the right.
-fobj> (@-FOBJ>) for Acc
-fobj> (@-FOBJ>) for Acc
advl>mainV (@ADVL>) if; finite mainverb not found to the left, but the finite mainverb is found to the right.
<advl (@<ADVL) if; finite mainverb found to the left. Not if a comma is found immediately to the left and a finite mainverb is located somewhere to the right of this comma.
<advlPoPr (@<ADVL) if mainverb to the left.
advlPoPr> (@<ADVL) if mainverb to the right.
advlEss> (@<ADVL) for weather and time Ess, if FMAINV to the left.
advl>inbetween (@ADVL>) for Adv; if inbetween two sentenceboundaries where no mainverb is present.
comma<advlEOS (@<ADVL) if; comma found to the left and the finite mainverb to the left of comma. To the right is the end of the sentence.
advlBOS> (@ADVL>) if; you are N Ill and found sentnece initially. First one to your right is a clause.
<advlPoEOS (@<ADVL) for Po; if you are found at the very end of a sentence. A mainverb is needed to the right though.
cleanupILL<advl (@<ADVL) for N Ill if; there are no boundarysymbols to your left, if you arent already @N< OR @APP-N<, and no mainverb is to yor left.
<opredAAcc (@<OPRED) for A Acc; if an other accusative to the left, and a transtive verb to the left of it. OR: if a transitive verb to the left, and an accusative to the left of it.

sma object

<advlEss (@<ADVL) for ESS-ADVL if; FMAINV to the left
<spredEss (@<SPRED) for N Ess if; FMAINV to the left is intransitive or bargat

SUBJ MAPPING - leftovers

OBJ MAPPING - leftovers

HNOUN MAPPING

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/cg3/functions.cg3

src-fst-morphology-affixes-adjectives.lexc.md

Adjective inflection

This file documents affixes/adjectives.lexc, the file for Livonian adjective inflection.

Indeclneables

**LEXICON A_-ZERO = modifiers that do not decline, goes to #

**LEXICON A_ = gives Pos tag.

Stem lexica

LEXICON A_PŪ contains pū: 12

LEXICON A_BRĪ contains brī:brī 16

LEXICON A_KALĀ contains kalā:kaʼlā 18

LEXICON A_TUBĀ tubā:tuʼbā 19

LEXICON A_AMĀ amā:aʼm 19a

LEXICON A_AIGĀ aigā:aʼig 20

LEXICON A_KŪJA kūja:??lēba 21

LEXICON A_IZĀ izā:izā 25

LEXICON A_OKSĀ oksā:oksā 30

LEXICON A_ĀIGA āiga:āiga 33

LEXICON A_SĪLMA sīlma:sīlma 34

LEXICON A_PADĀ padā:padā 39

LEXICON A_KÄPĀ käpā:käpā 41

LEXICON A_MAKSĀ maksā:maksā 42

LEXICON A_KĒRA kēra:kēra 43

LEXICON A_JǬRA jǭra:jǭra 44

LEXICON A_ĀITA āita:āita 46

LEXICON A_ŪŠKA ūška:ūška 47

LEXICON A_MȬKA mȭka:mȭka 48

LEXICON A_DADŽĀ dadžā:dadžā 49

LEXICON A_TĪERA tīera:tīera 54

LEXICON A_LILLA kuțā:kuțā 57

LEXICON A_KIʼV kiʼv:kiv 59

LEXICON A_PIʼŅ piʼņ:piņ 64

LEXICON A_OKŠ : 68

LEXICON A_KAŠ : 69

LEXICON A_TORĪ torī: 71

LEXICON A_KÕʼL kõʼl:kõl 73

LEXICON A_NIʼM niʼm:nim 76

LEXICON A_KAND kand: 94

LEXICON A_SERK : 94 serk:serk

LEXICON A_UL ul: 99

LEXICON A_NIŖȚ niŗț: 102

LEXICON A_DAŅTŠ daņtš: 105

LEXICON A_TÄUŽ täuž: adres 112

LEXICON A_SIELDÕ sieldõ: 118

LEXICON A_NǬʼGÕ nǭʼgõ:nǭgõ 119

LEXICON A_AŠŠÕ : 120

LEXICON A_DRŪʼOŠÕ drūʼošõ:drūošõ 121

LEXICON A_IRM : 125

LEXICON A_KIM : 126

LEXICON A_VAʼIT vaʼit:vait 128

LEXICON A_AMĀT : 129

LEXICON A_SAʼGDIT saʼgdit:sagdit 131

LEXICON A_VIĻȚ : 132

LEXICON A_EĻ eļ: 133

LEXICON A_BLĒʼḐ blēʼḑ:blēḑ 134

LEXICON A_FAKT : 135

LEXICON A_SĪEND sīend: 138

LEXICON A_LǞʼND lǟʼnd:lǟnd 139

LEXICON A_ĀIGAST āigast: 140

LEXICON A_ANALĪZ analīz: 141

LEXICON A_NĪʼEM nīʼem:nīem 142

LEXICON A_VIŠ : 144

LEXICON A_SIDĀM : 157

LEXICON A_TŪOITÕG : 158

LEXICON A_KǬRAND kǭrand: 159

Yaml: armtõb

LEXICON A_ȬʼDÕG ȭʼdõg:ȭdõg 160

LEXICON A_TAPTÕD taptõd: 161

LEXICON A_TĪʼEDÕD tīʼedõd:tīedõd 162

LEXICON A_VĪDÕZ vīdõz: 163

LEXICON A_TUOISTÕNZ : 164

LEXICON A_ĪʼDÕKSMÕZ ī’dõksmõz:īdõksmõz 165

LEXICON A_KÄBRĀZ : 168

LEXICON A_MAIGĀZ : 169

LEXICON A_NÕTKĀZ : 170

LEXICON A_RIKĀZ : 171

LEXICON A_ĀMBAZ āmbaz:āmba 173

LEXICON A_PŪŖAZ : 174

LEXICON A_PǬĻAZ : 175

LEXICON A_MÕTKÕZ mõtkõz: 179

LEXICON A_VȬRÕZ vȭrõz: 180

LEXICON A_ARĀGÕZ : 181

LEXICON A_ÄʼGGÕZ ä’ggõz:äggõz 182

LEXICON A_PŪʼDÕZ pūʼdõz:pūdõz 183

LEXICON A_SĒJI : 186 āndaji:āndaji sēji:sēji

LEXICON A_AKKIJI akkiji:akkiji 187

LEXICON A_LĒʼJI lēʼji:lēʼji 188

LEXICON A_NAI nai: 191

LEXICON A_AʼIGI aʼigi:aigi 192

LEXICON A_PUʼNNI pu’nni:punni 193

LEXICON A_KAȚKI : 194

LEXICON A_KUKKI : 195

LEXICON A_AIGI aigi:aigi 196

LEXICON A_OUKI : 197

LEXICON A_PAŖĪ : 198

LEXICON A_TŪĻI : 199

LEXICON A_AʼBLI aʼbli:abli 200

LEXICON A_SĒMI : 201

LEXICON A_LĒʼMI lē’mi:lēʼmi 202

LEXICON A_ALĪZ : 203

LEXICON A_KĒRATÕKS : 207

LEXICON A_VARĪKŠ varīkš: 209

LEXICON A_ŪŽ : 219 ūž:ūd

LEXICON A_JŪŖ jūŗ:jūr 221

LEXICON A_SŪR sūr:sūr 222

LEXICON A_DULLÕNZ dullõnz:dullõn 227

LEXICON A_AŅGÕRZ : aņgõrz:aņgõr 229

LEXICON A_TIDĀR tidār:tidār 233

LEXICON A_APPÕN appõn:appõn 235

LEXICON A_ǬʼRÕN ǭʼrõn:ǭrõn 236

LEXICON A_KĪNDÕR kīndõr:kīndõr 237

LEXICON A_BÄʼZMÕR bäʼzmõr:bäzmõr 238

LEXICON A_TARĪĻ tarīļ:tarīļ 239

LEXICON A_ĀNKAŖ ānkaŗ:ānkaŗ 240

LEXICON A_ǬʼBIĻ ǭʼbiļ:ǭbiļ 242

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adjectives.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-adpositions.lexc.md

Adjective inflection

This file documents affixes/adpositions.lexc

**LEXICON POSTP_ = points to #

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/adpositions.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-conjunctors.lexc.md

Conjunctions

This file documents affixes/conjunctors.lexc

**LEXICON CONJ_ = These need to be corrected, it points to #.

**LEXICON CC_ = Livonian conjunctors, points to #

**LEXICON CS_ = Livonian subjunctors, points to #

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/conjunctors.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-determiners.lexc.md

Determiner inflection

This file documents affixes/determiners.lexc, the language model for Livonian determiner inflection.

Stem lexica

LEXICON DET_NAI nai: 191

LEXICON DET_TŪĻI tūļi: 199

LEXICON DET_SĒMI sēmi: 201

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/determiners.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-nouns.lexc.md

Livonian noun inflection

This file documents affixes/nouns.lexc, the Livonian noun inflection file.

Ad hoc lexica

PROBLEMS with dictionary lexica

LEXICON N_
LEXICON N_¤29

Stem lexica

LEXICON N_PŪ contains pū: 12 ~156
LEXICON N_PŪ-PL contains pū: 12
LEXICON N_RǬʼ contains rǭʼ:rǭʼ 13
LEXICON N_PǞ contains pǟ:pǟ 14
LEXICON N_TĪE contains tīe:tīe 15
LEXICON N_TĪE-PL contains tīe:tīe 15
LEXICON N_BRĪ contains brī:brī 16
LEXICON N_TEI contains tei:tei 17
LEXICON N_KUŖĒ contains kuŗē:kuʼŗŗē 18
LEXICON N_KALĀ contains kalā:kaʼlā 18
LEXICON N_KALĀ-SG contains kalā:kaʼlā 18
LEXICON N_KALĀ-PL contains kalā:kaʼlā 18
LEXICON N_IRĒ contains irē:iʼr 18
LEXICON N_TUBĀ tubā:tuʼbā 19
LEXICON N_TUBĀ-SG tubā:tuʼbā 19
LEXICON N_TUBĀ-PL tubā:tuʼbā 19
LEXICON N_AMĀ amā:aʼm 19a
LEXICON N_AMĀ-SG amā:aʼm 19a
LEXICON N_AMĀ-PL amā:aʼm 19a
LEXICON N_AIGĀ aigā:aigā 20
LEXICON N_LĒBA lēba:leiba 21
LEXICON N_KŪJA kūja:lēba 21
LEXICON N_PŪOGA pūoga:pūoga 22
LEXICON N_LǬJA lǭja:lǭja 23
LEXICON N_LǬJA-SG lǭja:lǭja 23
LEXICON N_LǬJA-PL lǭja:lǭja 23
LEXICON N_PǞVA pǟva:pǟva 24
LEXICON N_PǞVA-PL pǟva:pǟva 24
LEXICON N_IZĀ izā:izā 25
LEXICON N_PIEZĀ piezā:pieʼzzā 25
LEXICON N_AŽĀ ažā:aʼžā 26
LEXICON N_AŽĀ-SG ažā:aʼžžā 26
LEXICON N_AŽĀ-PL ažā:aʼžžā 26
LEXICON N_ĀĻDŽA āļdža:āļdža 27
LEXICON N_ĀĻDŽA-SG āļdža:āļdža 27
LEXICON N_ĀĻDŽA-PL āļdža:āļdža 27
LEXICON N_SUKĀ sukā:sukā 28
LEXICON N_LIEPĀ liepā:liepā 29
LEXICON N_OKSĀ oksā:oksā 30
LEXICON N_VȰNTSA vȱntsa:vȱntsa 31
LEXICON N_LIESTĀ liestā:liestā 32
LEXICON N_ĀIGA āiga:āiga 33
LEXICON N_LĀNGA lānga:lānga 33
LEXICON N_SĪLMA sīlma:sīlma 34
LEXICON N_SĪLMA-PL sīlma:sīlma 34
LEXICON N_KǞNGA kǟnga:kǟnga 35
LEXICON N_ĀINA āina:āina 36
LEXICON N_ĀINA-SG āina:āina 36
LEXICON N_ĀINA-PL āina:āina 36
LEXICON N_VĒNA vēna:vēna 37
LEXICON N_RŌDA rōda:rōda 38
LEXICON N_RŌDA-PL rōda:rōda 38
LEXICON N_PADĀ padā:padā 39
LEXICON N_PADĀ-SG padā:padā 39
LEXICON N_PADĀ-PL padā:padā 39
LEXICON N_SÕBRĀ sõbrā:sõbrā 40
LEXICON N_SÕBRĀ-SG sõbrā:sõbrā 40
LEXICON N_SÕBRĀ-PL sõbrā:sõbrā 40
LEXICON N_KÄPĀ käpā:käpā 41
LEXICON N_KÄPĀ-SG käpā:käpā 41
LEXICON N_KÄPĀ-PL käpā:käpā 41
LEXICON N_MAKSĀ maksā:maksā 42
LEXICON N_KĒRA kēra:kēra 43
LEXICON N_JǬRA jǭra:jǭra 44
LEXICON N_PŪOLA pūola:pūola 45
LEXICON N_ĀITA āita:āita 46
LEXICON N_ĀITA-PL āita:āita 46
LEXICON N_ŪŠKA ūška:ūška 47
LEXICON N_MȬKA mȭka:mȭka 48
LEXICON N_DADŽĀ dadžā:daʼdžā 49
LEXICON N_DADŽĀ-SG dadžā:daʼdžā 49
LEXICON N_DADŽĀ-PL dadžā:daʼdžā 49
LEXICON N_SUŠĀ sušā:sušā 50
LEXICON N_KUPŠĀ kupšā:kupšā 51
LEXICON N_TŠŪRTŠA tšūrtša:tšūrtša 52
LEXICON N_SĒMḐA sēmḑa:sēmḑa 53
LEXICON N_TĪERA tīera:tīera 54
LEXICON N_KRǬIPA krǭipa:krǭipa 55
LEXICON N_LILLA kuțā:kuțā 57
LEXICON N_KAFFE kuțā:kuțā 57
LEXICON N_KUȚĀ kuțā:kuțā 57
LEXICON N_NĒTŠA nētša:nētša 58
LEXICON N_KIʼV kiʼv:kiv 59
LEXICON N_KUOʼIG kuoʼig:kuoʼig 60
LEXICON N_KEP kep:kep aʼb 61
LEXICON N_KEP-SG kep:kep aʼb 61
LEXICON N_KEP-PL kep:kep aʼb 61
LEXICON N_KRUȚK : 62
LEXICON N_KRÄMP : 63
LEXICON N_PIʼŅ piʼņ:piņ 64
LEXICON N_PIʼŅ-SG piʼņ:piņ 64
LEXICON N_PIʼŅ-PL piʼņ:piņ 64
LEXICON N_KUOȚ : 65
LEXICON N_KUOȚ-PL : 65
LEXICON N_VAKȚ : 66
LEXICON N_REŅ : 67
LEXICON N_OKŠ : 68
LEXICON N_KAŠ : 69
LEXICON N_DUŅTŠ : 70
LEXICON N_TORĪ : 71
LEXICON N_VAʼG vaʼg:vag 72
LEXICON N_VAʼG-PL vaʼg:vag 72
LEXICON N_KÕʼL kõʼl:kõl 73
LEXICON N_SUʼG suʼg:sug 74
LEXICON N_JOʼUG joʼug:joug 75
LEXICON N_NIʼM niʼm:nim 76
LEXICON N_NIʼM-PL niʼm:nim 76
LEXICON N_USK usk: 77
LEXICON N_VAŠK : 78 vašk:vask
LEXICON N_TUP tup:tup 79
LEXICON N_TUP-SG tup:tup 79
LEXICON N_TUP-PL tup:tup 79
LEXICON N_BIS bis:bis 79
LEXICON N_BIS-SG bis:bis 79
LEXICON N_BIS-PL bis:bis 79
LEXICON N_MAKS : 80
LEXICON N_MAKS-PL : 80
LEXICON N_LUʼM luʼm:lum 81
LEXICON N_MIEʼR mieʼr:mier 82
LEXICON N_MEʼR meʼr:mer 83
LEXICON N_MUʼR muʼr:mur 84
LEXICON N_KUOʼD kuoʼd:kuod aig 85
LEXICON N_SUʼŽ suʼž:suž 86
LEXICON N_KEʼŽ keʼž:kež aim 87
LEXICON N_VEʼŽ veʼž:veʼž 88
LEXICON N_KUʼŽ kuʼž:kuž 89
LEXICON N_RUZŪ : 90
LEXICON N_RADIO : 91
LEXICON N_ANG : 92
LEXICON N_KOUV : 93
LEXICON N_KAND : 94 kand:kand
LEXICON N_KAND-SG : 94
LEXICON N_KAND-PL : 94
LEXICON N_KAITS : 94 kaits:kaits
LEXICON N_KAITS-SG : 94
LEXICON N_KAITS-PL : 94
LEXICON N_SERK : 94 serk:serk
LEXICON N_SERK-SG : 94
LEXICON N_SERK-PL : 94
LEXICON N_PȮRT : 95
LEXICON N_NUŖM : 96 nuŗm:nūrm
LEXICON N_SUOŖM : 96b suoŗm:sūorm
LEXICON N_LAINT : 97
LEXICON N_LOUL : 98
LEXICON N_UL : 99 ul:ul
LEXICON N_PAN : 100
LEXICON N_TÄM täm:tam 101
LEXICON N_NIŖȚ : 102
LEXICON N_KUĻ : 103
LEXICON N_PAŅ : 104
LEXICON N_DAŅTŠ : 105
LEXICON N_KOUŠ : 106
LEXICON N_SPLEIŠ : 107
LEXICON N_VEIS : 108
LEXICON N_PȮIS : 109 pȯis:pȯis
LEXICON N_KIĻG : 110
LEXICON N_VȮĻG : 111
LEXICON N_TÄUŽ täuž:täud adres 112 N_SgGen/d-Nom/ž-Par//ta täuž:täud
LEXICON N_TÄUŽ-SG : 116
LEXICON N_TÄUŽ-PL : 116
LEXICON N_VAŖŽ : 113
LEXICON N_PIERZ : 114
LEXICON N_VÕRGÕ : 115
LEXICON N_JÕUGÕ : 116 N_SgPar/VowsLI1/ța-PlPar/VowsRM/idi jõugõ:jõugõ
LEXICON N_JÕUGÕ-SG : 116
LEXICON N_JÕUGÕ-PL : 116
LEXICON N_VȬIDAG : 117
LEXICON N_SIELDÕ : 118
LEXICON N_SIELDÕ-PL : 118
LEXICON N_NǬʼGÕ nǭʼgõ:nǭgõ 119
LEXICON N_NǬʼGÕ-PL nǭʼgõ:nǭgõ 119
LEXICON N_AŠŠÕ : 120
LEXICON N_AŠŠÕ-SG : 120
LEXICON N_AŠŠÕ-PL : 120
LEXICON N_SOʼV : 122
LEXICON N_SOʼV-PL : 122
LEXICON N_KǬJ : 123
LEXICON N_KǬJ-PL : 123
LEXICON N_ǬʼJ ǭʼj:ǭj 124
LEXICON N_IRM : 125
LEXICON N_IRM-PL : 125
LEXICON N_KIM : 126
LEXICON N_KIM-SG : 126
LEXICON N_KIM-PL : 126
LEXICON N_PLUS : 126b
LEXICON N_VȮŅ : 127
LEXICON N_VAʼIT vaʼit:vait 128
LEXICON N_VAʼIT-PL vaʼit:vait 128
LEXICON N_AMĀT : 129
LEXICON N_AMĀT-PL : 129
LEXICON N_KULTŪR : 130
LEXICON N_SAʼGDIT saʼgdit:sagdit 131
LEXICON N_VIĻȚ : 132
LEXICON N_GĒRMAŅ : 132
LEXICON N_GĒRMAŅ-PL : 132
LEXICON N_EĻ : 133
LEXICON N_BLĒʼḐ blēʼḑ:blēʼḑ 134
LEXICON N_BLĒʼḐ-SG blēʼḑ:blēʼḑ 134
LEXICON N_BLĒʼḐ-PL blēʼḑ:blēʼḑ 134
LEXICON N_FAKT : 135
LEXICON N_FAKT-PL : 135
LEXICON N_TAS : 136
LEXICON N_NEITST neitst:neits 137
LEXICON N_SĪEND : 138
LEXICON N_LǞʼND lǟʼnd:lǟnd 139
LEXICON N_ĀIGAST : 140
LEXICON N_ĀIGAST-PL : 140
LEXICON N_ADRES : 140
LEXICON N_ANALĪZ : 141
LEXICON N_NĪʼEM nīʼem:nīem 142
LEXICON N_KĪʼL nīʼem:nīem 142
LEXICON N_JAĻKŠ : 143
LEXICON N_JAĻKŠ-PL : 143
LEXICON N_VIŠ : 144 viš:viš
LEXICON N_VIŠ-SG : 144
LEXICON N_VIŠ-PL : 144
LEXICON N_RŪʼTŠ rūʼtš:rūtš 145
LEXICON N_RŪʼTŠ-PL rūʼtš:rūtš 145
LEXICON N_TĒʼḐ tēʼḑ:tēḑ 146
LEXICON N_LĒʼḐ lēʼḑ:lēḑ 147
LEXICON N_LĒʼḐ-PL lēʼḑ:lēḑ 147
LEXICON N_KĪNTŠ : 148
LEXICON N_KǬŅTŠ : 149
LEXICON N_LĒŅTŠ : 150
LEXICON N_LĪEM : 151
LEXICON N_AʼM aʼm:am 152
LEXICON N_AZŪM : 153 azūm:aʼzūm
LEXICON N_AZŪM-SG : 153
LEXICON N_AZŪM-PL : 153
LEXICON N_VÕȚĪM võțīm:võțīm 154
LEXICON N_VÕȚĪM-SG : 154
LEXICON N_VÕȚĪM-PL : 154
LEXICON N_KǬŅIM : 155
LEXICON N_KǬŅIM-SG : 155
LEXICON N_KǬŅIM-PL : 155
LEXICON N_ĒTAM : 156
LEXICON N_ĒTAM-SG : 156
LEXICON N_ĒTAM-PL : 156
LEXICON N_SIDĀM : 157
LEXICON N_SIDĀM-PL : 157
LEXICON N_TŪOITÕG : 158
LEXICON N_KǬRAND : 159
Yaml: armtõb
LEXICON N_KǬRAND-SG : 159
LEXICON N_KǬRAND-PL : 159
LEXICON N_ȬʼDÕG ȭʼdõg:ȭdõg 160
LEXICON N_TAPTÕD : 161
LEXICON N_TUOISTÕNZ : 164
LEXICON N_MĪEZ mīez:m 166
LEXICON N_ROʼVZ : 167 roʼvz:roʼv
LEXICON N_ROʼVZ-SG : 167 roʼvz:roʼv
LEXICON N_ROʼVZ-PL : 167 roʼvz:roʼv
LEXICON N_NÕTKĀZ : 170
LEXICON N_RIKĀZ-PL rikāz: 171
LEXICON N_BIKŠĀZ : 172
LEXICON N_BIKŠĀZ-SG : 172
LEXICON N_BIKŠĀZ-PL : 172
LEXICON N_ĀMBAZ : 173
LEXICON N_ĀMBAZ-PL : 173
LEXICON N_PŪŖAZ : 174
LEXICON N_RĒNAZ : 176
LEXICON N_TŌVAZ : 177
LEXICON N_PŪORAZ pūoraz: 178
LEXICON N_MÕTKÕZ mõtkõz: 179
LEXICON N_MÕTKÕZ-PL mõtkõz: 179
LEXICON N_VȬRÕZ vȭrõz:vȭrõ 180
LEXICON N_VȬRÕZ-SG vȭrõz:vȭrõ 180
LEXICON N_VȬRÕZ-PL vȭrõz:vȭrõ 180
LEXICON N_ARĀGÕZ : 181 arāgõz:arāgõ
LEXICON N_ARĀGÕZ-SG : 181
LEXICON N_ARĀGÕZ-PL : 181
LEXICON N_ÄʼGGÕZ äʼggõz:äggõz 182
LEXICON N_ÄʼGGÕZ-PL äʼggõz:äggõz 182
LEXICON N_PŪʼDÕZ pūʼdõz:pūdõz 183
LEXICON N_PŪʼDÕZ-PL pūʼdõz:pūdõz 183
LEXICON N_VĪETŠÕZ : 184
LEXICON N_VĪETŠÕZ-PL : 184
LEXICON N_LǬʼTŠÕZ lǭʼtšõz:lǭtšõz 185
LEXICON N_SĒJI : 186
LEXICON N_AKKIJI akkiji:akkiji 187
LEXICON N_AKKIJI-SG : 187
LEXICON N_AKKIJI-PL : 187
LEXICON N_LĒʼJI lēʼji:lēji 188
LEXICON N_LĒʼJI-SG lēʼji:lēji 188
LEXICON N_LĒʼJI-PL lēʼji:lēji 188
LEXICON N_TUĻĻI : 189
LEXICON N_LÄʼBḐI läʼbḑi:läbḑi 190
LEXICON N_NAI : 191
LEXICON N_AʼIGI aʼigi:aigi 192
LEXICON N_AʼIGI-PL aʼigi:aigi 192
LEXICON N_PUʼNNI puʼnni:punni 193
LEXICON N_PUʼNNI-PL puʼnni:punni 193
LEXICON N_KAȚKI kațki: 194
LEXICON N_KUKKI kukki: 195
LEXICON N_TŪĻI : 199 ~422
LEXICON N_TŪĻI-PL : 199
LEXICON N_AʼBLI aʼbli:aʼbli 200 ~567
LEXICON N_AʼBLI-SG aʼbli:aʼbli 200
LEXICON N_AʼBLI-PL aʼbli:aʼbli 200
LEXICON N_SĒMI : 201
LEXICON N_SĒMI-SG : 201
LEXICON N_SĒMI-PL : 201
LEXICON N_LĒʼMI lēʼmi:lēʼmi 202
LEXICON N_LĒʼMI-SG lēʼmi:lēʼmi 202
LEXICON N_LĒʼMI-PL lēʼmi:lēʼmi 202
LEXICON N_ALĪZ : 203
LEXICON N_ALĪZ-SG : 203
LEXICON N_ALĪZ-PL : 203
LEXICON N_NȬŖKÕZ : 204
LEXICON N_KATŪKS : 205
LEXICON N_KATŪKS-PL : 205
LEXICON N_ĀNDÕKS āndõks: 206
LEXICON N_ĀNDÕKS-PL āndõks: 206
LEXICON N_KĒRATÕKS kēratõks:kēratõks 207
LEXICON N_ÄʼBȚÕKS äʼbțõks:äbțõks 208
LEXICON N_ÄʼBȚÕKS-PL äʼbțõks:äbțõks 208
LEXICON N_VARĪKŠ : 209
LEXICON N_UKŠ : 210
LEXICON N_LÄPŠ läpš:laps 211
LEXICON N_LÄPŠ-PL läpš:laps 211
LEXICON N_ROʼVZT-PL roʼvzt:roʼvz 212
LEXICON N_TUʼĻ : 213
LEXICON N_TŪĻ : 214
LEXICON N_KĒĻ kēļ:kēl 215
LEXICON N_PŪOL : 216 pūol:pūol
LEXICON N_PŪOL-PL : 216
LEXICON N_ĪKŠ : 217
LEXICON N_SĒŅ sēņ:sēn 220
LEXICON N_JŪŖ jūŗ:jūr 221
LEXICON N_JŪŖ-PL : 221
LEXICON N_SŪR : 222
LEXICON N_SĒR : 223
LEXICON N_BIRKOV : 224 birkov:birkov
LEXICON N_BIRKOV-SG : 224 birkov:birkov
LEXICON N_BIRKOV-PL : 224 birkov:birkov
LEXICON N_SALĀJ : 225
LEXICON N_UMĀRZ umārz:umār 226
LEXICON N_AʼBBÕNZ aʼbbõnz:aʼbbõn 228
LEXICON N_AʼBBÕNZ-SG aʼbbõnz:aʼbbõn 228
LEXICON N_AʼBBÕNZ-PL aʼbbõnz:aʼbbõn 228
LEXICON N_AŅGÕRZ : aņgõrz:aņgõr 229
LEXICON N_AŅGÕRZ-PL : aņgõrz:aņgõr 229
LEXICON N_KAʼGGÕRZ kaʼggõrz:kaʼggõr 230
LEXICON N_PǞGIŅŽ pǟgiņž:pǟgiņ 231
LEXICON N_VAGĀŖ vagāŗ:vagār 232
LEXICON N_TIDĀR tidār:tidār 233
LEXICON N_TIDĀR-PL tidār:tidār 233
LEXICON N_PĒGAL pēgal:pēgal 234
LEXICON N_PĒGAL-PL pēgal:pēgal 234
LEXICON N_APPÕN appõn:appõn 235
LEXICON N_APPÕN-SG appõn:appõn 235
LEXICON N_APPÕN-PL appõn:appõn 235
LEXICON N_ǬʼRÕN ǭʼrõn:ǭrõn 236
LEXICON N_ǬʼRÕN-PL ǭʼrõn:ǭrõn 236
LEXICON N_KĪNDÕR kīndõr:kīndõr 237
LEXICON N_KĪNDÕR-SG kīndõr:kīndõr 237
LEXICON N_KĪNDÕR-PL kīndõr:kīndõr 237
LEXICON N_BÄʼZMÕR bäʼzmõr:bäʼzmõr 238
LEXICON N_BÄʼZMÕR-SG bäʼzmõr:bäʼzmõr 238
LEXICON N_BÄʼZMÕR-PL bäʼzmõr:bäʼzmõr 238
LEXICON N_TARĪĻ tarīļ:tarīļ 239
LEXICON N_TARĪĻ-PL tarīļ:tarīļ 239
LEXICON N_ĀNKAŖ ānkaŗ:ānkaŗ 240
LEXICON N_ĀNKAŖ-PL ānkaŗ:ānkaŗ 240
LEXICON N_VIRPÕĻ virpõļ:virpõļ 241
LEXICON N_ǬʼBIĻ ǭʼbiļ:ǭbiļ 242
LEXICON N_ǬʼBIĻ-PL ǭʼbiļ:ǭbiļ 242
LEXICON N_GOLĀTÕKS golātõks:golātõks 244 found in Liv-est-lat dictionary

Nominal inflection

Inflection lexica

LEXICON NMN_PŪ pū:pū 12 Stem change: None

Yaml: N-rooq Stem change: None

14 Stem change: Yes Vowel raising ǟ:ē +Pl +Ela/+Ill/+Par Stød: Yes

LEXICON NMN_TĪE tīe:tīʼe 15 Stem change: Yes Vowel lowering īe:ē +Pl +Ela/+Ill/+Par Stød: Yes
SG-ILL_zõ ; 2014.12.12 Stød loss problem, should be tīʼezõ

tiēšti

16 Stem change: None

LEXICON NMN_TEI tei:tei 17 Stem change: Yes Vowel change: ei:ē
LEXICON NMN_KUŖĒ kuŗē:kuʼŗ 18 kuŗē:kuʼŗ

SG-INE ;

LEXICON NMN_KALĀ kalā:kaʼl Stem change: Yes Consonant lengthening Consonant palatalization Vowel change in 2nd syllable ā:õ/0 Stød: Yes

18a

LEXICON NMN_IRĒ irē:iʼr Stem change: Yes Consonant lengthening Consonant palatalization Vowel change in 2nd syllable ā:õ/0 Stød: Yes

LEXICON NMN_TUBĀ tubā:tuʼb
Yaml: A-amaa, N-tubaa Pass: 2014.12.12 Stem change: Yes Vowel change in word-final position a:õ/0 Stød

19a

LEXICON NMN_AMĀ amā:tuʼb
Yaml: A-amaa, N-tubaa Pass: 2014.12.12 Stem change: Yes Vowel change in word-final position a:õ/0 Stød

LEXICON NMN_AIGĀ aigā:aʼig
Yaml: N-aigaa Stem change: Yes vowel in 2nd syllable ā:õ/0 Stød: Yes
LEXICON NMN_LĒBA lēba:leib 21
Yaml: N-leeba Passed: 2014.12.12 Stem change: Yes vowel change ei:e Stød: None

LEXICON NMN_KŪJA kūja:leiba No information

LEXICON NMN_PŪOGA pūoga:p Stem change: Yes Vowel change in 1st syllable ūo:ȯi Vowel change in word-final position a:õ/0 Stød: None

23 Stem change: Yes Vowel change in 1st syllable ǭ:a Consonant change ij:j Stød: None

LEXICON NMN_PǞVA pǟva:pǟuva Stem change: Yes Vowel change ǟ:äu Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_IZĀ izā:iʼz 25 Stem change: yes Vowel loss ā:0 Stød: Yes

LEXICON NMN_PIEZĀ piezā:pieʼzzā Stem change: yes Stød: Yes

Stem change: Yes

LEXICON NMN_AŽĀ-SG ažā:aʼžžā 26
LEXICON NMN_AŽĀ-PL ažā:aʼžā 26

Stem change: Yes (Vowel)

LEXICON NMN_ĀĻDŽA-SG āļdža:āļdža 27
LEXICON NMN_ĀĻDŽA-PL āļdža:āļdža 27
LEXICON NMN_SUKĀ sukā:sukkā 28 Stem change: Yes
LEXICON NMN_SUKĀ-SG sukā:sukkā 28
LEXICON NMN_SUKĀ-PL sukā:sukkā 28
LEXICON NMN_LIEPĀ liepā:liep 29 Stem change: Yes consonant length Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_LIEPĀ-SG liepā:lieppā 29
LEXICON NMN_LIEPĀ-PL liepā:lieppā 29
LEXICON NMN_OKSĀ oksā:oksā 30 Stem change: Yes palatalization s:š Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_OKSĀ-SG oksā:oksā 30
LEXICON NMN_OKSĀ-PL oksā:oksā 30
LEXICON NMN_VȰNTSA vȱntsa:vȱntsa 31 Stem change: Yes Vowel length ??Palatalization?? of s:š Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_VȰNTSA-SG vȱntsa:vȱntsa 31
LEXICON NMN_VȰNTSA-PL vȱntsa:vȱntsa 31
LEXICON NMN_LIESTĀ liestā:liestā 32 Stem change: Yes Diphthong straightening ??Palatalization?? of s:š Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_LIESTĀ-SG liestā:liestā 32
LEXICON NMN_LIESTĀ-PL liestā:liestā 32

LEXICON NMN_ĀIGA āiga:āig Stem change: Yes Vowel length in first syllable Stød: None

33b LĀNGA Stem change: Yes (Vowel) Stød: None

LEXICON NMN_SĪLMA sīlma:sīlma Stem change: Yes (Vowel) Stød: None

LEXICON NMN_KǞNGA kǟnga:kǟnga 35
Yaml: N-aeaerga, N-aeaerga Stem change: Yes
LEXICON NMN_KǞNGA-SG kǟnga:kǟnga 35
LEXICON NMN_KǞNGA-PL kǟnga:kǟnga 35
Yaml: N-aaina Stem change: Yes (Vowel)
LEXICON NMN_ĀINA-SG āina:āina 36
LEXICON NMN_ĀINA-PL āina:āina 36

LEXICON NMN_VĒNA vēna:vēina
Yaml: N-veena Stem change: Yes (Vowel)

LEXICON NMN_RŌDA rōda:rōuda Stem change: Yes (Vowel)

39, 40, 41, 42

LEXICON NMN_PADĀ padā:paʼd Stem change: Yes Stød: Yes

LEXICON NMN_KÄPĀ käpā:käppā

LEXICON NMN_PŪOLA pūola:pūolla 45
LEXICON NMN_PŪOLA-SG pūola:pūola 45
LEXICON NMN_PŪOLA-PL pūola:pūolla 45

LEXICON NMN_ŪŠKA ūška:ūiska 47 Stem change: Yes vowel length Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_ŪŠKA-SG ūška:ūiska 47
LEXICON NMN_ŪŠKA-PL ūška:ūiska 47
LEXICON NMN_MȬKA mȭka:mȭuka 48 Stem change: Yes vowel length Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_MȬKA-SG mȭka:mȭuka 48
LEXICON NMN_MȬKA-PL mȭka:mȭuka 48
LEXICON NMN_DADŽĀ dadžā:daʼdžā 49
LEXICON NMN_DADŽĀ-SG dadžā:daʼdžā 49
LEXICON NMN_DADŽĀ-PL dadžā:daʼdžā 49
LEXICON NMN_SUŠĀ sušā:suššā 50
LEXICON NMN_SUŠĀ-SG sušā:suššā 50
LEXICON NMN_SUŠĀ-PL sušā:sušā 50
LEXICON NMN_KUPŠĀ kupšā:kupšā 51
LEXICON NMN_KUPŠĀ-SG kupšā:kupšā 51
LEXICON NMN_KUPŠĀ-PL kupšā:kupšā 51
LEXICON NMN_TŠŪRTŠA tšūrtša:tšūrtša 52
LEXICON NMN_TŠŪRTŠA-SG tšūrtša:tšūrtša 52
LEXICON NMN_TŠŪRTŠA-PL tšūrtša:tšūrtša 52
LEXICON NMN_SĒMḐA sēmḑa:sēmḑa 53
LEXICON NMN_SĒMḐA-SG sēmḑa:sēmḑa 53
LEXICON NMN_SĒMḐA-PL sēmḑa:sēmḑa 53
LEXICON NMN_TĪERA tīera:tīerra 54 Stem change: Yes Stød: None Sg Nom=Gen: Yes
LEXICON NMN_TĪERA-SG tīera:tīer 54
LEXICON NMN_TĪERA-PL tīera:tīer 54
LEXICON NMN_KRǬIPA krǭipa:krǭipa 55
LEXICON NMN_KRǬIPA-SG krǭipa:krǭipa 55
LEXICON NMN_KRǬIPA-PL krǭipa:krǭipa 55
LEXICON NMN_LILLA lilla:lilla 56
LEXICON NMN_LILLA-SG lilla:lilla 56
LEXICON NMN_LILLA-PL lilla:lilla 56
LEXICON NMN_KAFFE kaffe:kaffe 56
LEXICON NMN_KAFFE-SG kaffe:kaffe 56
LEXICON NMN_KAFFE-PL kaffe:kaffe 56b
LEXICON NMN_KUȚĀ kuțā:kuțā 57
LEXICON NMN_KUȚĀ-SG kuțā:kuțā 57
LEXICON NMN_KUȚĀ-PL kuțā:kuțā 57
LEXICON NMN_NĒTŠA nētša:nētša 58 Stem change Yes final vowel loss Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_NĒTŠA-SG nētša:nētša 58
LEXICON NMN_NĒTŠA-PL nētša:nētša 58

59 kiv:kiʼvv

LEXICON NMN_KEP-SG kep:kepp aʼb 61
LEXICON NMN_KEP-PL kep:kep aʼb 61
LEXICON NMN_KRUȚK : 62
LEXICON NMN_KRUȚK-SG : 62
LEXICON NMN_KRUȚK-PL : 62
LEXICON NMN_KRÄMP : 63 krämp:krǟmp
LEXICON NMN_KRÄMP-SG : 63
LEXICON NMN_KRÄMP-PL : 63
LEXICON NMN_PIʼŅ piʼņ:piņņ 64
LEXICON NMN_PIʼŅ-SG piʼņ:piņņ 64
LEXICON NMN_PIʼŅ-PL piņ:piʼņņ 64
LEXICON NMN_KUOȚ : 65
LEXICON NMN_KUOȚ-SG : 65
LEXICON NMN_KUOȚ-PL : 65
LEXICON NMN_VAKȚ : 66
LEXICON NMN_VAKȚ-SG : 66
LEXICON NMN_VAKȚ-PL : 66
LEXICON NMN_REŅ : 67
LEXICON NMN_REŅ-SG : 67
LEXICON NMN_REŅ-PL : 67
LEXICON NMN_OKŠ : 68
LEXICON NMN_OKŠ-SG : 68
LEXICON NMN_OKŠ-PL : 68
LEXICON NMN_KAŠ : 69
LEXICON NMN_KAŠ-SG : 69
LEXICON NMN_KAŠ-PL : 69 kaš:kaš stem left alone
LEXICON NMN_DUŅTŠ : 70
LEXICON NMN_DUŅTŠ-SG : 70 duņtš:dūņtš
LEXICON NMN_DUŅTŠ-PL : 70
LEXICON NMN_TORĪ : 71
LEXICON NMN_TORĪ-SG : 71
LEXICON NMN_TORĪ-PL : 71
LEXICON NMN_VAʼG vag:vaʼg 72
LEXICON NMN_VAʼG-SG vag:vaʼg 72
LEXICON NMN_VAʼG-PL vaʼg:vag 72
LEXICON NMN_KÕʼL kõl:kõʼl 73
LEXICON NMN_KÕʼL-SG kõʼl:kõʼl 73
LEXICON NMN_KÕʼL-PL kõʼl:kõʼl 73
LEXICON NMN_SUʼG suʼg:suʼg 74
LEXICON NMN_SUʼG-SG suʼg:suʼg 74
LEXICON NMN_SUʼG-PL suʼg:suʼg 74
LEXICON NMN_JOʼUG joʼug:joʼug 75
LEXICON NMN_JOʼUG-SG joʼug:joʼug 75
LEXICON NMN_JOʼUG-PL joʼug:joug 75

LEXICON NMN_USK usk: 77
LEXICON NMN_USK-SG usk: 77
LEXICON NMN_USK-PL usk: 77
LEXICON NMN_VAŠK : 78 vašk:vask
LEXICON NMN_VAŠK-SG : 78
LEXICON NMN_VAŠK-PL : 78
LEXICON NMN_TUP tup:tup 79
LEXICON NMN_TUP-SG tup:tup 79
LEXICON NMN_TUP-PL tup:tup 79
LEXICON NMN_BIS-SG bis:bis 79
LEXICON NMN_BIS-PL bis:bis 79
LEXICON NMN_MAKS : 80
LEXICON NMN_MAKS-SG : 80
LEXICON NMN_MAKS-PL : 80
LEXICON NMN_LUʼM luʼm:lum 81
LEXICON NMN_LUʼM-SG lum:luʼm 81
LEXICON NMN_LUʼM-PL lum:luʼm 81
LEXICON NMN_MIEʼR mieʼr:mīeʼr 82
LEXICON NMN_MIEʼR-SG mieʼr:mieʼr 82
LEXICON NMN_MIEʼR-PL mier:mīeʼr 82
LEXICON NMN_MEʼR mer:mīeʼr 83
LEXICON NMN_MEʼR-SG meʼr:mer 83
LEXICON NMN_MEʼR-PL mer:mīeʼr 83
LEXICON NMN_MUʼR muʼr:mur 84
LEXICON NMN_MUʼR-SG muʼr:mur 84
LEXICON NMN_MUʼR-PL mur:muʼr 84
LEXICON NMN_KUOʼD kuoʼd:kuod aig 85
LEXICON NMN_KUOʼD-SG kuoʼd:kuod aig 85
LEXICON NMN_KUOʼD-PL kuoʼd:kuoʼd aig 85
LEXICON NMN_SUʼŽ suž:suʼd 86
LEXICON NMN_SUʼŽ-SG suž:suʼd 86
LEXICON NMN_SUʼŽ-PL suʼž:suž 86
LEXICON NMN_KEʼŽ kež:käʼd aim 87
LEXICON NMN_KEʼŽ-SG kež:käʼd aim 87
LEXICON NMN_KEʼŽ-PL keʼž:käʼd aim 87
LEXICON NMN_VEʼŽ veʼž:vieʼd 88
LEXICON NMN_VEʼŽ-SG veʼž:vieʼd 88
LEXICON NMN_VEʼŽ-PL veʼž:veʼd 88
LEXICON NMN_KUʼŽ kuʼž:kuž 89
LEXICON NMN_KUʼŽ-SG kuʼž:kuž 89
LEXICON NMN_KUʼŽ-PL kuʼž:kuž 89
LEXICON NMN_RUZŪ : 90
LEXICON NMN_RUZŪ-SG : 90
LEXICON NMN_RUZŪ-PL : 90
LEXICON NMN_RADIO : 91
LEXICON NMN_RADIO-SG : 91
LEXICON NMN_RADIO-PL : 91
LEXICON NMN_ANG : 92
LEXICON NMN_ANG-SG : 92 ang:āng
LEXICON NMN_ANG-PL : 92
LEXICON NMN_KOUV : 93
LEXICON NMN_KOUV-SG : 93
LEXICON NMN_KOUV-PL : 93
LEXICON NMN_KAITS-SG : 94
LEXICON NMN_KAITS-PL : 94
LEXICON NMN_SERK : 94
LEXICON NMN_SERK-SG : 94
LEXICON NMN_SERK-PL : 94
LEXICON NMN_KAND : 94
LEXICON NMN_KAND-SG : 94
LEXICON NMN_KAND-PL : 94
LEXICON NMN_PȮRT : 95
LEXICON NMN_PȮRT-SG : 95
LEXICON NMN_PȮRT-PL : 95
LEXICON NMN_NUŖM : 96 nuŗm:nūrm
LEXICON NMN_NUŖM-SG : 96
LEXICON NMN_NUŖM-PL : 96
LEXICON NMN_SUOŖM : 96b
LEXICON NMN_SUOŖM-SG : 96b
LEXICON NMN_SUOŖM-PL : 96b
LEXICON NMN_LAINT : 97
LEXICON NMN_LAINT-SG : 97
LEXICON NMN_LAINT-PL : 97
LEXICON NMN_LOUL : 98
LEXICON NMN_LOUL-SG : 98
LEXICON NMN_LOUL-PL : 98
LEXICON NMN_UL : 99 ul:ul
LEXICON NMN_UL-SG : 99
LEXICON NMN_UL-PL : 99
LEXICON NMN_PAN : 100
LEXICON NMN_PAN-SG : 100
LEXICON NMN_PAN-PL : 100

102

LEXICON NMN_NIŖȚ : 102 niŗț:nīŗț First-syllable Vowel lengthening in Pl Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_NIŖȚ-SG : 102
LEXICON NMN_NIŖȚ-PL : 102
LEXICON NMN_KUĻ : 103 kuļ:kūļ
LEXICON NMN_KUĻ-SG : 103
LEXICON NMN_KUĻ-PL : 103
LEXICON NMN_PAŅ : 104
LEXICON NMN_PAŅ-SG : 104
LEXICON NMN_PAŅ-PL : 104
LEXICON NMN_DAŅTŠ : 105
LEXICON NMN_DAŅTŠ-SG : 105
LEXICON NMN_DAŅTŠ-PL : 105
LEXICON NMN_KOUŠ : 106 kouš:kōuš
LEXICON NMN_KOUŠ-SG : 106
LEXICON NMN_KOUŠ-PL : 106
LEXICON NMN_SPLEIŠ : 107
LEXICON NMN_SPLEIŠ-SG : 107
LEXICON NMN_SPLEIŠ-PL : 107
LEXICON NMN_VEIS : 108
LEXICON NMN_VEIS-SG : 108
LEXICON NMN_VEIS-PL : 108
LEXICON NMN_PȮIS-SG : 109
LEXICON NMN_PȮIS-PL : 109
LEXICON NMN_KIĻG : 110 kiļg:kilg
LEXICON NMN_KIĻG-SG : 110
LEXICON NMN_KIĻG-PL : 110
LEXICON NMN_VȮĻG : 111
LEXICON NMN_VȮĻG-SG : 111 vȯļg:vȱlg
LEXICON NMN_VȮĻG-PL : 111
LEXICON NMN_TÄUŽ täuž: adres 112
LEXICON NMN_TÄUŽ-SG : 116
LEXICON NMN_TÄUŽ-PL : 112
LEXICON NMN_VAŖŽ : 113 varž:vārd
LEXICON NMN_VAŖŽ-SG : 113
LEXICON NMN_VAŖŽ-PL : 113
LEXICON NMN_PIERZ : 114 pierz:pīerz
LEXICON NMN_PIERZ-SG : 114
LEXICON NMN_PIERZ-PL : 114
LEXICON NMN_VÕRGÕ : 115
LEXICON NMN_VÕRGÕ-SG : 115 võrgõ:vȭrgõ
LEXICON NMN_VÕRGÕ-PL : 115
LEXICON NMN_JÕUGÕ-SG : 116 jõugõ:jȭugõ
LEXICON NMN_JÕUGÕ-PL : 116
LEXICON NMN_VȬIDAG : 117
LEXICON NMN_VȬIDAG-SG : 117
LEXICON NMN_VȬIDAG-PL : 117
LEXICON NMN_SIELDÕ : 118
LEXICON NMN_SIELDÕ-SG : 118
LEXICON NMN_SIELDÕ-PL : 118
LEXICON NMN_NǬʼGÕ nǭʼgõ:nǭgõ 119
LEXICON NMN_NǬʼGÕ-SG nǭʼgõ:nǭgõ 119
LEXICON NMN_NǬʼGÕ-PL nǭʼgõ:nǭgõ 119
LEXICON NMN_AŠŠÕ : 120
LEXICON NMN_AŠŠÕ-SG : 120
LEXICON NMN_AŠŠÕ-PL : 120
LEXICON NMN_DRŪʼOŠÕ drūʼošõ:drūošõ 121
LEXICON NMN_DRŪʼOŠÕ-SG drūʼošõ:drūošõ 121
LEXICON NMN_DRŪʼOŠÕ-PL drūʼošõ:drūošõ 121
LEXICON NMN_SOʼV : 122 kaj:kaʼj
LEXICON NMN_SOʼV-SG : 122
LEXICON NMN_SOʼV-PL : 122
LEXICON NMN_KǬJ : 123
LEXICON NMN_KǬJ-SG : 123
LEXICON NMN_KǬJ-PL : 123
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼJ ǭʼj:ǭj 124
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼJ-SG ǭʼj:ǭj 124
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼJ-PL ǭʼj:ǭj 124

125, 126, 128

126

126b

LEXICON NMN_VȮŅ : 127
LEXICON NMN_VȮŅ-SG : 127
LEXICON NMN_VȮŅ-PL : 127
LEXICON NMN_VAʼIT vaʼit:vait 128
LEXICON NMN_VAʼIT-SG vaʼit:vait 128
LEXICON NMN_VAʼIT-PL vaʼit:vait 128

129, 130, 131

LEXICON NMN_KULTŪR : 130
LEXICON NMN_KULTŪR-SG : 130
LEXICON NMN_KULTŪR-PL : 130
LEXICON NMN_SAʼGDIT saʼgdit:sagdit 131
LEXICON NMN_SAʼGDIT-SG saʼgdit:sagdit 131
LEXICON NMN_SAʼGDIT-PL saʼgdit:sagdit 131

132

LEXICON NMN_VIĻȚ : 132
LEXICON NMN_VIĻȚ-SG : 132
LEXICON NMN_VIĻȚ-PL : 132
LEXICON NMN_GĒRMAŅ : 132
LEXICON NMN_GĒRMAŅ-SG : 132
LEXICON NMN_GĒRMAŅ-PL : 132
LEXICON NMN_EĻ : 133
LEXICON NMN_EĻ-SG : 133
LEXICON NMN_EĻ-PL : 133
LEXICON NMN_BLĒʼḐ blēʼḑ:blēʼḑ 134
LEXICON NMN_BLĒʼḐ-SG blēʼḑ:blēʼḑ 134
LEXICON NMN_BLĒʼḐ-PL blēʼḑ:blēʼḑ 134

135

LEXICON NMN_TAS : 136
LEXICON NMN_TAS-SG : 136
LEXICON NMN_TAS-PL : 136
LEXICON NMN_NEITST neitst:neits 137
LEXICON NMN_NEITST-SG neitst:neits 137
LEXICON NMN_NEITST-PL neitst:neits 137
LEXICON NMN_SĪEND sīend:sīen 138 Stem change: No Stød: None Sg Nom=Gen: No
LEXICON NMN_SĪEND-SG : 138
LEXICON NMN_SĪEND-PL : 138
LEXICON NMN_LǞʼND lǟʼnd:lǟnd 139
LEXICON NMN_LǞʼND-SG lǟʼnd:lǟnd 139
LEXICON NMN_LǞʼND-PL lǟʼnd:lǟnd 139

140, 141, 142 241

241 was ĀIGAST

141 87

Yaml: N-analiiz analīz+N+Sg+Ela => analīzõst Change in stem: None +Sg+Ela preceded by -õ- consonant-final stem, long vowel in ultimate syllable belongs elsewhere N-kalendaar kalendār+N+Sg+Ela => kalendārst

142

143, 144, 145

LEXICON NMN_VIŠ : 144 viš:viš
LEXICON NMN_VIŠ-SG : 144
LEXICON NMN_VIŠ-PL : 144

145

LEXICON NMN_TĒʼḐ tēʼḑ:tǟʼd 146
LEXICON NMN_TĒʼḐ-SG tēʼḑ:tǟʼd 146
LEXICON NMN_TĒʼḐ-PL tēʼḑ:tēḑ 146
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼḐ lēʼḑ:līʼed 147 Hom3
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼḐ-SG lēʼḑ:līʼed 147
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼḐ-PL lēʼḑ:līʼed 147
āigalē’ḑ # examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Sg+Nom examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Sg+Gen examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Sg+Dat examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Sg+Par examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Sg+Ins examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Sg+Ill examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Sg+Ine examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Sg+Ela examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Pl+Nom examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Pl+Gen examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Pl+Dat examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Pl+Par examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Pl+Ins examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Pl+Ill examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Pl+Ine examples:*
āigalē’ḑ+N+Pl+Ela examples:*
LEXICON NMN_KĪNTŠ : 148
LEXICON NMN_KĪNTŠ-SG : 148 kīntš:kīn
LEXICON NMN_KĪNTŠ-PL : 148
LEXICON NMN_KǬŅTŠ : 149 kǭņtš:kǭn
LEXICON NMN_KǬŅTŠ-SG : 149
LEXICON NMN_KǬŅTŠ-PL : 149
LEXICON NMN_LĒŅTŠ : 150 lēņtš:lǟn
LEXICON NMN_LĒŅTŠ-SG : 150
LEXICON NMN_LĒŅTŠ-PL : 150
LEXICON NMN_LĪEM : 151
LEXICON NMN_LĪEM-SG : 151
LEXICON NMN_LĪEM-PL : 151
LEXICON NMN_AʼM aʼm:aʼm 152
LEXICON NMN_AʼM-SG aʼm:aʼm 152
LEXICON NMN_AʼM-PL aʼm:aʼm 152
LEXICON NMN_AZŪM-SG : 153
LEXICON NMN_AZŪM-PL : 153
LEXICON NMN_VÕȚĪM-SG : 154
LEXICON NMN_VÕȚĪM-PL : 154
LEXICON NMN_KǬŅIM-SG : 155 kōņim:kǭņim
LEXICON NMN_KǬŅIM-PL : 155
LEXICON NMN_ĒTAM : 156 ētam:ēitam
LEXICON NMN_ĒTAM-SG : 156
LEXICON NMN_ĒTAM-PL : 156
LEXICON NMN_SIDĀM : 157
LEXICON NMN_SIDĀM-PL : 157

158

159

Yaml: armtõb, N-aandam, N-akaatwb 221

160 72

LEXICON NMN_TAPTÕD taptõd:taptõ 161
LEXICON NMN_TAPTÕD-SG : 161
LEXICON NMN_TAPTÕD-PL : 161
LEXICON NMN_TĪʼEDÕD tīʼedõd:tīedõd 162
LEXICON NMN_TĪʼEDÕD-SG tīʼedõd:tīedõd 162
LEXICON NMN_TĪʼEDÕD-PL tīʼedõd:tīedõd 162
LEXICON NMN_VĪDÕZ : 163
LEXICON NMN_VĪDÕZ-SG vīdõz: 162
LEXICON NMN_VĪDÕZ-PL vīdõz: 162
:%^ConsRMnd PL-ELA/INE_ist ; not same as 2012
:%^ConsRMnd PL-PAR_idi ; not same as 2012
LEXICON NMN_TUOISTÕNZ : 164 tuoistõnz:tuoistõnz
LEXICON NMN_TUOISTÕNZ-SG : 164
LEXICON NMN_TUOISTÕNZ-PL : 164
:%^ConsRMd PL-ELA/INE_ist ; not same as 2012
LEXICON NMN_ĪʼDÕKSMÕZ īʼdõksmõz:īʼdõksmõz 165
LEXICON NMN_ĪʼDÕKSMÕZ-SG īʼdõksmõz:īdõksmõz 165
LEXICON NMN_ĪʼDÕKSMÕZ-PL īʼdõksmõz:īdõksmõz 165
LEXICON NMN_MĪEZ : 166
LEXICON NMN_MĪEZ-SG mīez:m 166
LEXICON NMN_MĪEZ-PL : 166
:%^ĪE2Ē%^ConsRM PL-ELA/INE_šti ;
:%^ĪE2Ē%^ConsRM PL-PAR_ḑi ;
LEXICON NMN_ROʼVZ-SG : 167
LEXICON NMN_ROʼVZ-PL : 167
LEXICON NMN_KÄBRĀZ : 168 käbrāz:käʼbrāz
LEXICON NMN_KÄBRĀZ-SG : 168
LEXICON NMN_KÄBRĀZ-PL : 168
:%^StodRM%^VowsRM%^ConsRM PL-ELA/INE_īst ; not same as 2012
:%^StodRM%^VowsRM%^ConsRM PL-PAR_īdi ; not same as 2012
LEXICON NMN_MAIGĀZ : 169 maigāz:maʼigāz
Yaml: A-maigaaz
LEXICON NMN_MAIGĀZ-SG : 169
LEXICON NMN_MAIGĀZ-PL : 169
:%^StodRM%^VowsRM%^ConsRM PL-ELA/INE_īst ; not same as 2012
:%^StodRM%^VowsRM%^ConsRM PL-PAR_īdi ; not same as 2012
LEXICON NMN_NÕTKĀZ : 170 nõtkāz:nõtkāz
LEXICON NMN_NÕTKĀZ-SG : 170
LEXICON NMN_NÕTKĀZ-PL : 170
LEXICON NMN_RIKĀZ rikāz:rik 171 Stem change: Yes Stød: None Sg Nom=Gen: No
LEXICON NMN_RIKĀZ-SG rikāz:rik 171
LEXICON NMN_RIKĀZ-PL rikāz: 171
LEXICON NMN_BIKŠĀZ-SG : 172 bikšāz:bikšāz
LEXICON NMN_BIKŠĀZ-PL : 172
LEXICON NMN_ĀMBAZ : 173 āmbaz:āmbaz
LEXICON NMN_ĀMBAZ-PL : 173
LEXICON NMN_PŪŖAZ : 174 pūŗaz:pūŗŗaz
LEXICON NMN_PŪŖAZ-SG : 174
LEXICON NMN_PŪŖAZ-PL : 174
LEXICON NMN_PǬĻAZ : 175 pǭļaz:pǭļļaz Stød: None Sg Nom=Gen: No
LEXICON NMN_PǬĻAZ-SG : 175
LEXICON NMN_PǬĻAZ-PL : 175
LEXICON NMN_RĒNAZ : 176 rēnaz:rēinaz
LEXICON NMN_RĒNAZ-SG : 176
LEXICON NMN_RĒNAZ-PL : 176
LEXICON NMN_TŌVAZ : 177 tōvaz:tōva
LEXICON NMN_TŌVAZ-SG : 177
LEXICON NMN_TŌVAZ-PL : 177
LEXICON NMN_PŪORAZ pūoraz:pūora 178
LEXICON NMN_PŪORAZ-SG pūoraz: 178
LEXICON NMN_PŪORAZ-PL pūoraz: 178

179

LEXICON NMN_VȬRÕZ vȭrõz:vȭrõ 180 Sg Nom=Gen: No

181

182

183

LEXICON NMN_PŪʼDÕZ pūʼdõz:pūʼdõz Stød: Yes Sg Nom=Gen: No

184

LEXICON NMN_VĪETŠÕZ : 184
LEXICON NMN_LǬʼTŠÕZ lǭʼtšõz:lǭtšõz 185
LEXICON NMN_SĒJI : 186 Stem change: None
LEXICON NMN_SĒJI-SG : 186
LEXICON NMN_SĒJI-PL : 186
LEXICON NMN_AKKIJI : 187 123
Yaml: N-akkiji Stem change: None
LEXICON NMN_AKKIJI-SG : 187
LEXICON NMN_AKKIJI-PL : 187
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼJI lēʼji:lēʼji 188 61
Yaml: A-aeqbtiji, leeqji
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼJI-SG : 188 äʼbțiji:äʼbțiji
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼJI-PL : 188
LEXICON NMN_TUĻĻI : 189 is this a noun no ʼ
LEXICON NMN_TUĻĻI-SG : 188
LEXICON NMN_TUĻĻI-PL : 188
LEXICON NMN_LÄʼBḐI läbḑi:läʼbḑi 190
LEXICON NMN_LÄʼBḐI-SG : 188
LEXICON NMN_LÄʼBḐI-PL : 188
LEXICON NMN_NAI : 191 nai:nai Vowel length Sg Nom=Gen: No Stød: None
LEXICON NMN_NAI-SG : 188
LEXICON NMN_NAI-PL : 188

192

aʼigi:aʼigi

LEXICON NMN_PUʼNNI puʼnni:puʼnni 193 tuļļi:tuʼļļi 127 Stød: Yes Sg Nom=Gen: No
LEXICON NMN_PUʼNNI-SG puʼnni:puʼn 193
LEXICON NMN_PUʼNNI-PL puʼnni:punni 193
LEXICON NMN_KAȚKI kațki: 194 12
LEXICON NMN_KAȚKI-SG kațki: 194
LEXICON NMN_KAȚKI-PL kațki: 194
LEXICON NMN_KUKKI kukki: 195 33
LEXICON NMN_KUKKI-SG kukki: 195
LEXICON NMN_KUKKI-PL kukki: 195
LEXICON NMN_AIGI aigi:aigi 196 16 Stem change: Yes (vowel length in 1st syllable)
LEXICON NMN_AIGI-SG aigi:āigi 196
LEXICON NMN_AIGI-PL aigi:aigi 196
LEXICON NMN_OUKI : 197
LEXICON NMN_OUKI-SG : 197 ouki:ōuki
LEXICON NMN_OUKI-PL : 197
LEXICON NMN_PAŖĪ : 198 paŗī:paŗŗī
LEXICON NMN_PAŖĪ-SG : 198
LEXICON NMN_PAŖĪ-PL : 198
:%^CC2Cž PL-PAR_i ; paŗrīži ?

199

LEXICON NMN_AʼBLI aʼbli:aʼbli 200 567
Yaml: aainagi Stem change: None
LEXICON NMN_AʼBLI-SG aʼbli:aʼbli 200
LEXICON NMN_AʼBLI-PL aʼbli:aʼbli 200
LEXICON NMN_SĒMI : 201
Yaml: A-ooqgi
LEXICON NMN_SĒMI-SG : 201
LEXICON NMN_SĒMI-PL : 201
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼMI lēʼmi:lēʼmi 202
Yaml: A-aqrlimi
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼMI-SG lēʼmi:lēʼmi 202
LEXICON NMN_LĒʼMI-PL lēʼmi:lēmi 202
LEXICON NMN_ALĪZ : 203
Yaml: N-aliiz
LEXICON NMN_ALĪZ-SG : 203
LEXICON NMN_ALĪZ-PL : 203
LEXICON NMN_NȬŖKÕZ : 204
Yaml: N-nwwrkwz
LEXICON NMN_NȬŖKÕZ-SG : 204
LEXICON NMN_NȬŖKÕZ-PL : 204
LEXICON NMN_KATŪKS : 205
Yaml: N-katuuks
LEXICON NMN_KATŪKS-PL : 205
LEXICON NMN_ĀNDÕKS āndõks: 206
Yaml: N-aandwks
LEXICON NMN_ĀNDÕKS-PL āndõks: 206
LEXICON NMN_KĒRATÕKS kēratõks:kēratõks 207
Yaml: N-keeratwks
LEXICON NMN_KĒRATÕKS-PL kēratõks:kēratõks 207
LEXICON NMN_ÄʼBȚÕKS äʼbțõks:äbțõks 208
Yaml: N-aeqbtwks
LEXICON NMN_ÄʼBȚÕKS-SG äʼbțõks:äbțõks 208
LEXICON NMN_ÄʼBȚÕKS-PL äʼbțõks:äbțõks 208
LEXICON NMN_VARĪKŠ : 209
Yaml: A-krwbiizh, N-variiksh
LEXICON NMN_VARĪKŠ-SG : 209
LEXICON NMN_VARĪKŠ-PL : 209
LEXICON NMN_UKŠ : 210 ukš:uks
Yaml: N-uksh
LEXICON NMN_UKŠ-SG : 210
LEXICON NMN_UKŠ-PL : 210

211

Yaml: N-laepsh läpš:laps
LEXICON NMN_LÄPŠ-PL läpš:laps 211

212

Yaml: N-rishtiing
LEXICON NMN_ROʼVZT-PL roʼvzt:roʼvzt 212
LEXICON NMN_TUʼĻ : 213 tuʼļ:tūʼl
Yaml: N-tuqlj
LEXICON NMN_TUʼĻ-SG : 213
LEXICON NMN_TUʼĻ-PL : 213
LEXICON NMN_TŪĻ tūļ:tūl 214
LEXICON NMN_TŪĻ-PL tūļ:tūl 215
LEXICON NMN_KĒĻ kēļ:kīel 215
LEXICON NMN_KĒĻ-PL kēļ:kīel 215
LEXICON NMN_PŪOL : 216
LEXICON NMN_PŪOL-SG : 216
LEXICON NMN_PŪOL-PL : 216
LEXICON NMN_ĪKŠ : 217
LEXICON NMN_ĪKŠ-SG : 217
LEXICON NMN_ĪKŠ-PL : 217
LEXICON NMN_KAKŠ : 218
LEXICON NMN_KAKŠ-SG : 218
LEXICON NMN_KAKŠ-PL : 218
LEXICON NMN_ŪŽ : 219 ūž:ūd
Yaml: A-uuzh word-final consonant palatalization (ž): Sg_Nom, Pl_Par, Pl_Ill, Pl_Ela
LEXICON NMN_ŪŽ-SG : 219
LEXICON NMN_ŪŽ-PL : 219
LEXICON NMN_SĒŅ sēņ:sēn 220 Sg_Nom = consonant-final 1-syllable word word-final consonant palatalization: Sg_Nom, Pl_Par, Pl_Ill, Pl_Ela Diphthong realized as mid long vowel: Sg_Nom, Pl_Par, Pl_Ill, Pl_Ela
LEXICON NMN_SĒŅ-PL sēņ:sēn 211
LEXICON NMN_JŪŖ : jūŗ:jūr 221 Sg_Nom = consonant-final 1-syllable word word-final consonant palatalization: Sg_Nom, Pl_Par, Pl_Ill, Pl_Ela
LEXICON NMN_JŪŖ-SG jūŗ:jūr 221
LEXICON NMN_JŪŖ-PL : 221
PL-INS_DKÕKS-STEM ; jūrd
LEXICON NMN_SŪR : 222 sūr:sūr
LEXICON NMN_SŪR-PL sūr:sūr 211
LEXICON NMN_SĒR : 223
LEXICON NMN_SĒR-SG : 223 sēr:
LEXICON NMN_SĒR-PL : 223
LEXICON NMN_BIRKOV : 224 birkov:birkov
LEXICON NMN_BIRKOV-SG : 224
LEXICON NMN_BIRKOV-PL : 224

225

LEXICON NMN_UMĀRZ 226 umārz:umār

226, 227, 228

LEXICON NMN_DULLÕNZ dullõnz:dullõn 227
LEXICON NMN_DULLÕNZ-SG dullõnz:dullõn 227
LEXICON NMN_DULLÕNZ-PL dullõnz:dullõn 227
LEXICON NMN_AʼBBÕNZ-SG aʼbbõnz:aʼbbõn 228
LEXICON NMN_AʼBBÕNZ-PL aʼbbõnz:aʼbbõn 228
LEXICON NMN_AŅGÕRZ : aņgõrz:aņgõr 229
LEXICON NMN_AŅGÕRZ-PL : aņgõrz:aņgõr 229
LEXICON NMN_KAʼGGÕRZ kaʼggõrz:kaʼggõr 230
LEXICON NMN_PǞGIŅŽ pǟgiņž:pǟgiņ 231
LEXICON NMN_PǞGIŅŽ-PL pǟgiņž:pǟgiņ 231
LEXICON NMN_VAGĀŖ vagāŗ:vagār 232
LEXICON NMN_VAGĀŖ-PL vagāŗ:vagār 232
LEXICON NMN_KŪOLÕN kūolõn:kūolõn 232
LEXICON NMN_KŪOLÕN-PL kūolõn:kūolõn 232

233

LEXICON NMN_PĒGAL pēgal:pēgal 234
LEXICON NMN_APPÕN appõn:appõn 235
LEXICON NMN_APPÕN-PL appõn:appõn 235
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼRÕN ǭʼrõn:ǭrõn 236
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼRÕN-SG ǭʼrõn:ǭrõn 236
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼRÕN-PL ǭʼrõn:ǭrõn 236
LEXICON NMN_KĪNDÕR kīndõr:kīndõr 237
LEXICON NMN_KĪNDÕR-PL kīndõr:kīndõr 237
LEXICON NMN_BÄʼZMÕR-SG bäʼzmõr:bäʼzmõr 238
LEXICON NMN_BÄʼZMÕR-PL bäʼzmõr:bäʼzmõr 238
LEXICON NMN_TARĪĻ tarīļ:tarīļ 239
LEXICON NMN_TARĪĻ-PL tarīļ:tarīļ 239
LEXICON NMN_ĀNKAŖ ānkaŗ:ānkaŗ 240
LEXICON NMN_VIRPÕĻ virpõļ:virpõļ 241
LEXICON NMN_VIRPÕĻ-SG virpõļ:virpõļ 241
LEXICON NMN_VIRPÕĻ-PL virpõļ:virpõļ 241
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼBIĻ ǭʼbiļ:ǭbiļ 242
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼBIĻ-SG ǭʼbiļ:ǭbiļ 242
LEXICON NMN_ǬʼBIĻ-PL ǭʼbiļ:ǭbiļ 242

SG-DAT ; SG-ELA ; SG-ILL ; SG-INS ; SG-PAR ;

NUMBER AND CASE

above as pair in SG-ELA/INE_st; 2014 jaska

LEXICON PL-DAT_õn This is peculiar to NMN_PŪOL-PL 216,219
LEXICON PL-INS_kõks This is peculiar to NMN_PŪOL-PL 216

A trigger for z:ž will be required

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/nouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-pronouns.lexc.md

Prounoun inflection

This file documents affixes/pronouns.lexc, the file on Livonian pronoun inflection

**LEXICON PRON_ = goes to # only.

LEXICON PRON_MIS mis:mi 1

LEXICON PRON_JEGĀ jegā:jeʼgā 2

LEXICON PRON_MŪ mū:m 3

LEXICON PRON_SE se:s 4

LEXICON PRON_TÄMĀ tämā: 5

LEXICON PRON_NE ne:n 4 & 5

LEXICON PRON_MINĀ 6 ma:m

LEXICON PRON_MĒG minā:m 6

LEXICON PRON_SINĀ sinā:0 7

LEXICON PRON_TĒG tēg:t 7

LEXICON PRON_KIS kis:kī 8

LEXICON PRON_ĪʼŽ 9 īʼž:0

LEXICON PRON_MIDĀGÕD midāgõd:midāg 10

LEXICON PRON_MITS 11 mits:mit

LEXICON PRON_SET 11b set:set

Stem lexica LEXICON PRON_TUBĀ tubā:tubā 19

LEXICON PRON_TUBĀ-PL tubā:tubā 19

LEXICON PRON_ĀITA āita:āita 46

LEXICON PRON_ĀIGAST āigast: 140

LEXICON PRON_AZŪM-PL azūm: 153

LEXICON PRON_VĪDÕZ vīdõz: 163

LEXICON PRON_ĪKŠ : 217

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/pronouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-propernouns.lexc.md

Proper noun inflection

This file documents affixes/propernouns.lexc, the file for inflection of propernouns.

Livonian proper nouns inflect in the same cases as regular nouns, but with a colon (‘:’) as separator.

**LEXICON PROP_ = this lexicon goes to K only

Stem lexica LEXICON PROP_TOP_PŪ contains pū: 12

LEXICON PROP_PŪ contains pū: 12

LEXICON PROP_PŪ-SG contains pū: 12

LEXICON PROP_KALĀ contains kalā:kalā 18

LEXICON PROP_IRĒ-SG contains irē:iʼr 18a

LEXICON PROP_TUBĀ tubā:tubā 19

LEXICON PROP_VĒNA vēna:vēna 37

LEXICON PROP_PADĀ padā:padā 39

LEXICON PROP_JǬRA jǭra:jǭra 44

LEXICON PROP_JǬRA-PL jǭra:jǭra 44

LEXICON PROP_ĀITA āita:āita 46

LEXICON PROP_DADŽĀ dadžā:dadžā 49

LEXICON PROP_KRǬIPA krǭipa:krǭipa 55

LEXICON PROP_DUŅTŠ : 70

LEXICON PROP_NIʼM niʼm:niʼm 76

LEXICON PROP_NIʼM-PL niʼm:niʼm 76

LEXICON PROP_TUP tup:tup 79

LEXICON PROP_NǬʼGÕ nǭʼgõ:nǭgõ 119

LEXICON PROP_KǬJ : 123

LEXICON PROP_KIM : 126

LEXICON PROP_KIM-SG : 126

LEXICON PROP_VAʼIT vaʼit:vait 128

LEXICON PROP_AMĀT : 129

LEXICON PROP_KULTŪR : 130

LEXICON PROP_VIĻȚ : 132

LEXICON PROP_FAKT fakt:fakt 135

LEXICON PROP_FAKT-SG fakt:fakt 135

LEXICON PROP_ĀIGAST : 140

LEXICON PROP_ANALĪZ : 141

LEXICON PROP_NĪʼEM nīʼem:nīʼem 142

LEXICON PROP_NĪʼEM-SG nīʼem:nīʼem 142

LEXICON PROP_JAĻKŠ : 143

LEXICON PROP_RŪʼTŠ rūʼtš:rūʼtš 145

LEXICON PROP_SIDĀM : 157

LEXICON PROP_TŪOITÕG : 158

LEXICON PROP_TŪOITÕG-SG : 158

LEXICON PROP_KǬRAND : 159

LEXICON PROP_KǬRAND-SG : 159

LEXICON PROP_ȬʼDÕG ȭʼdõg:ȭʼdõg 160

LEXICON PROP_ĀNDÕKS : 206

LEXICON PROP_PŪOL : 216

LEXICON PROP_SŪR : 222

LEXICON PROP_BIRKOV : 224

LEXICON PROP_SALĀJ-SG : 225

LEXICON PROP_TIDĀR tidār:tidār 233

LEXICON PROP_TIDĀR-PL tidār:tidār 233

LEXICON PROP_PĒGAL pēgal:pēgal 234

LEXICON PROP_APPÕN appõn:appõn 235

LEXICON PROP_KĪNDÕR kīndõr:kīndõr 237

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/propernouns.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-quantifiers.lexc.md

Quantifier inflection

This file documents the file on Livonian quantifier morphology.

LEXICON QNT_APPÕN : 216

LEXICON QNT_PŪOL : 216

Stem lexica LEXICON NUM_PADĀ padā:padā 39

LEXICON NUM_KĒRA kēra:kēra 43

LEXICON NUM_OKŠ : 68

LEXICON NUM_NǬʼGÕ nǭʼgõ:nǭgõ 119

LEXICON NUM_IRM irm: 125

LEXICON NUM_KIM : 126 kim:kim

LEXICON NUM_FAKT fakt: 135

LEXICON NUM_ĀIGAST āigast: 140

LEXICON NUM_NAI nai: 191

LEXICON NUM_ÄʼBȚÕKS ä’bțõks:äbțõks 208

LEXICON NUM_TŪĻ : 214

LEXICON NUM_ĪKŠ : 217

LEXICON NUM_KAKŠ : 218

LEXICON NUM_ŪŽ : 219

LEXICON NUM_APPÕN appõn:appõn 235

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/quantifiers.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-symbols.lexc.md

Symbol affixes

**LEXICON Noun_symbols_possibly_inflected =

**LEXICON Noun_symbols_never_inflected =

**LEXICON SYMBOL_connector =

**LEXICON SYMBOL_NO_suff =

**LEXICON SYMBOL_suff =

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/symbols.lexc

src-fst-morphology-affixes-verbs.lexc.md

Livonian Verb inflection

This file documents the verb inflection of Livonian.

Verb stem classes

**LEXICON V_ = CONJUGATION TYPE MISSING

**LEXICON TV_ = CONJUGATION TYPE MISSING

**LEXICON V-AUX_VȰLDA = 10 vȱlda:ZERO

**LEXICON V-AUX_LǞʼDÕ = 1 lǟʼdõ:lǟʼ

**LEXICON IV_LǞʼDÕ = 1 lǟʼdõ:lǟʼ

**LEXICON TV_TǬʼDÕ = 2 tǭʼdõ:tǭʼ

**LEXICON V-AUX_VĪDÕ = 3 vīdõ:vī

**LEXICON IV_VĪDÕ = 3 vīdõ:vī

**LEXICON TV_VĪDÕ = 3 vīdõ:vī

**LEXICON TV_NǞʼDÕ = 4 nǟʼdõ:nǟʼ

Yaml: naeaeqdw

**LEXICON IV_KǞʼDÕ = 5 kǟʼdõ:kǟʼ

**LEXICON TV_TĪʼEDÕ = 6 tīʼedõ:tīʼe

**LEXICON V-AUX_SĪEDÕ = 7 sīedõ:sīe

**LEXICON IV_SĪEDÕ = 7 sīedõ:sīe

**LEXICON TV_SĪEDÕ = 7 sīedõ:sīe

**LEXICON IV_SǬDÕ = 8 sǭdõ:s

**LEXICON TV_SǬDÕ = 8 sǭdõ:s

**LEXICON V-AUX_SǬDÕ = 8 sǭdõ:s

**LEXICON TV_JŪODÕ = 9 jūodõ:jūo

**LEXICON IV_TŪLDA = 11 tūlda:tūʼl

**LEXICON V-AUX_PĀNDA = 12 pānda:pāʼn

**LEXICON IV_PĀNDA = 12 pānda:pāʼn

**LEXICON TV_PĀNDA = 12 pānda:pāʼn

**LEXICON IV_JEʼLLÕ = 13 jeʼllõ:jeʼlā

**LEXICON TV_JEʼLLÕ = 13 jeʼllõ:jeʼllõ

**LEXICON IV_ASTÕ = 18 astõ:astõ

**LEXICON TV_ASTÕ = 18 astõ:astõ

**LEXICON TV_VÕTTÕ = 19 võttõ:võttõ

**LEXICON IV_VIEʼDDÕ = 24 vieʼddõ:vieʼddõ

**LEXICON TV_VIEʼDDÕ = 24 vieʼddõ:vieʼddõ

**LEXICON IV_MAKSÕ = 25 maksõ:maksõ

**LEXICON TV_MAKSÕ = 25 maksõ:maksõ

**LEXICON TV_TAPPÕ = 26 tappõ:tappõ

**LEXICON IV_MÄNGÕ = 14 mängõ:mǟnga

**LEXICON TV_KILLÕ = 15 killõ:kīla

**LEXICON TV_PALLÕ = 16 pallõ:pǭla

**LEXICON TV_LOULÕ = 17 loulõ:lōla

**LEXICON IV_LAITÕ = 20 laittõ:lāita

**LEXICON TV_LAITÕ = 20 laittõ:lāita

**LEXICON IV_TÄUTÕ = 21 täutõ:tǟta

**LEXICON TV_TÄUTÕ = 21 täutõ:tǟuta

**LEXICON TV_PȮĻTÕ = 22 pȯļtõ:pūoļta

**LEXICON TV_MȮISTÕ = 23 mȯistõ:mūošta

**LEXICON IV_ANDÕ = 27 andõ:ānda

**LEXICON TV_ANDÕ = 27 andõ:ānda

**LEXICON IV_TIEUDÕ = 28 tieudõ:tīeda

**LEXICON TV_TIEUDÕ = 28 tieudõ:tīeda

29-48 follow same pattern

**LEXICON IV_LUʼGGÕ = luʼggõ:luʼggõ 29

**LEXICON TV_LUʼGGÕ = luʼggõ:lugū 29

**LEXICON IV_MUʼDŽÕ = muʼdžõ:mudžū 30

**LEXICON TV_MUʼDŽÕ = muʼdžõ:mudžū 30

**LEXICON IV_VAKȚÕ = vakțõ:vakțū 31

**LEXICON TV_VAKȚÕ = vakțõ:vakțū 31

**LEXICON IV_KITTÕ = kittõ:kittõ 32

**LEXICON TV_KITTÕ = kittõ:kittõ 32

**LEXICON V-AUX_RIʼDDÕ = riʼddõ:ridū 33

**LEXICON IV_RIʼDDÕ = riʼddõ:ridū 33

**LEXICON TV_RIʼDDÕ = riʼddõ:ridū 33

**LEXICON IV_KUTSÕ = kutsõ:kutsū 34

**LEXICON TV_KUTSÕ = kutsõ:kutsū 34

**LEXICON V-AUX_LASKÕ = laskõ:laskū 35

**LEXICON IV_LASKÕ = laskõ:laskū 35

**LEXICON TV_LASKÕ = laskõ:laskū 35

**LEXICON TV_KÄSKÕ = laskõ:laskū 35b

**LEXICON IV_AKKÕ = akkõ:akū 36 Should ss be s and šš be š? 2013-02-19

**LEXICON TV_AKKÕ = akkõ:akū 36

**LEXICON V-AUX_AIGÕ = aigõ:āigõ 37

**LEXICON IV_AIGÕ = aigõ:āigõ 37

**LEXICON TV_AIGÕ = aigõ:āigõ 37

**LEXICON TV_KUOŖŖÕ = kuoŗŗõ:kūoŗõ 38

**LEXICON TV_VANNÕ = vannõ:vǭnõ 39

**LEXICON IV_PȮĻĻÕ = pȯļļõ:pūoļõ 40

**LEXICON IV_PȮIMÕ = pȯimõ:pūoimõ 41

**LEXICON TV_PȮIMÕ = pȯimõ:pūoimõ 41

**LEXICON IV_OUŖÕ = ouŗõ:ōŗõ 42

**LEXICON IV_KEIJÕ = keijõ:kējõ 43

**LEXICON TV_KEIJÕ = keijõ:kējõ 43

**LEXICON IV_AŖŠTÕ = aŗštõ:āŗštõ 44

**LEXICON TV_AŖŠTÕ = aŗštõ:āŗštõ 44

**LEXICON TV_PȮRTÕ = pȯrtõ:pūortõ 45

**LEXICON TV_OUTÕ = outõ:ōtõ 46

**LEXICON V-AUX_TUNDÕ = tundõ:tūndõ 47

**LEXICON IV_TUNDÕ = tundõ:tūndõ 47

**LEXICON TV_TUNDÕ = tundõ:tūndõ 47

**LEXICON TV_OUDÕ = oudõ:ōdõ 48

**LEXICON IV_KŪLÕ = kūlõ:kūlõ 49

**LEXICON TV_KŪLÕ = kūlõ:kūlõ 49

**LEXICON IV_ARRÕ = arrõ:arrõ 50

**LEXICON TV_ARRÕ = arrõ:arrõ 50

**LEXICON IV_AʼILÕ = aʼilõ:aʼilõ 51

**LEXICON TV_AʼILÕ = aʼilõ:aʼilõ 51

**LEXICON TV_SVAʼRRÕ = svaʼrrõ:svaʼrrõ 52

**LEXICON V-AUX_KĪTÕ = kītõ:kīt 53

**LEXICON IV_KĪTÕ = kītõ:kīt 53 ~701

**LEXICON TV_KĪTÕ = kītõ:kīt 53

**LEXICON IV_ÄʼBȚÕ = äʼbțõ:äʼbț 54

**LEXICON TV_ÄʼBȚÕ = äʼbțõ:äʼbț 54

**LEXICON V-AUX_KŪLDÕ = kūldõ:kūld 55

**LEXICON IV_KŪLDÕ = kūldõ:kūld 55

**LEXICON TV_KŪLDÕ = kūldõ:kūld 55

**LEXICON TV_KĪSKÕ = kīskõ:kīsk 56

**LEXICON V-AUX_ĪʼEDÕ = īʼedõ:īed 57

**LEXICON IV_ĪʼEDÕ = īʼedõ:īed 57

**LEXICON TV_ĪʼEDÕ = īʼedõ:īed 57

**LEXICON IV_UMBLÕ = umblõ: 58

**LEXICON TV_UMBLÕ = umblõ: 58

**LEXICON IV_ERȚĻÕ = erțļõ:erțõlõ 58b

**LEXICON TV_ERȚĻÕ = erțļõ:erțõlõ 58b

**LEXICON V-AUX_MÕTLÕ = mõtlõ: 59

**LEXICON IV_MÕTLÕ = mõtlõ: 59

**LEXICON TV_MÕTLÕ = mõtlõ: 59

**LEXICON IV_MǞʼDLÕ = mǟʼdlõ: 60

**LEXICON TV_MǞʼDLÕ = mǟʼdlõ: 60

**LEXICON IV_NAʼGRÕ = naʼgrõ: 60

**LEXICON TV_NAʼGRÕ = naʼgrõ: 60

**LEXICON V-AUX_ÄʼB = 62 äʼb:ä

**LEXICON TV_SÄ = 63 sä:sä

**LEXICON V-AUX_PIḐĪKS = 64 piḑīks:piḑī

After transitive, intransitive, auxiliary and such tags have been added

2 tǭʼdõ:tǭʼ

Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

3 **LEXICON V-01_VĪDÕ = This is mutual for 3: vīdõ:vī Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

**LEXICON V-01_NǞʼDÕ = This is mutual for ??: 4 nǟʼdõ:n Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

**LEXICON V-01_KǞʼDÕ = This is mutual for ??: 4 kǟʼdõ:kǟʼ Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

**LEXICON V-01_TĪʼEDÕ = : 6 tīedõ:tīʼe

Yaml: siiedw Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo participles

**LEXICON V-01_SĪEDÕ = : 7 sīedõ:sīe

Yaml: siiedw Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

8 sǭdõ:s Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles 9 9 jūodõ:jūo Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles 10

11 tūlda:tūʼl Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo participles 11

12 12 pānda:pāʼn Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo participles

**LEXICON V-01_JEʼLLÕ = 13 jeʼllõ, 18 astõ, 19 võttõ, 24 vieʼddõ, 25 maksõ, 26 tappõ

Cond Imprt Jus Qvo

participles

14 mängõ:mǟngõ **LEXICON V-01_MÄNGÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ, 20 laitõ, 21 täutõ, 22 pȯļtõ, 23 mȯistõ, 27 āndõ, 28 tīeudõ

Imprt Jus Qvo

participles

15 killõ:kīllõ **LEXICON V-01_KILLÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ, 20 laitõ, 21 täutõ, 22 pȯļtõ, 23 mȯistõ, 27 āndõ, 28 tīeudõ

Imprt Jus Qvo

participles

16 pallõ:pǭllõ **LEXICON V-01_PALLÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ, 20 laitõ, 21 täutõ, 22 pȯļtõ, 23 mȯistõ, 27 āndõ, 28 tīeudõ

Imprt Jus Qvo

participles

17 loulõ:lōulõ **LEXICON V-01_LOULÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ

18 astõ:astõ **LEXICON V-01_ASTÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ

19 võttõ:võttõ **LEXICON V-01_VÕTTÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ

20 laitõ: **LEXICON V-01_LAITÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ, 20 laitõ

**LEXICON V-01_TÄUTÕ = 21 täutõ:tǟutõ

22 pȯļțõ:p **LEXICON V-01_PȮĻTÕ = 22 pȯļtõ, 23 mȯistõ, 27 āndõ, 28 tīeudõ Cond Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

23 mȯistõ:m **LEXICON V-01_MȮISTÕ = 23 mȯistõ, 27 āndõ, 28 tīeudõ

Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

**LEXICON V-01_VIEʼDDÕ = 13 jeʼllõ, 18 astõ, 19 võttõ, 24 vieʼddõ, 25 maksõ, 26 tappõ

Cond Imprt Jus Qvo

participles

**LEXICON V-01_MAKSÕ = 13 jeʼllõ, 18 astõ, 19 võttõ, 24 vieʼddõ, 25 maksõ, 26 tappõ

Cond Imprt Jus Qvo

participles

**LEXICON V-01_TAPPÕ = 13 jeʼllõ, 18 astõ, 19 võttõ, 24 vieʼddõ, 25 maksõ, 26 tappõ

Cond Imprt Jus Qvo

participles

27 andõ:āndõ **LEXICON V-01_ANDÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ, 20 laitõ, 21 täutõ, 22 pȯļtõ, 23 mȯistõ, 27 āndõ, 28 tīeudõ

Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

28 tieudõ:tīeudõ **LEXICON V-01_TIEUDÕ = 14 mängõ, 15 killõ, 16 pallõ, 17 loulõ, 20 laitõ, 21 täutõ, 22 pȯļtõ, 23 mȯistõ, 27 āndõ, 28 tīeudõ

Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

29 LEXICON V-01_LUʼGGÕ luʼggõ:luʼggõ 29 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

30 LEXICON V-01_MUʼDŽÕ luʼggõ:luʼggõ 29 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

31 LEXICON V-01_VAKȚÕ luʼggõ:luʼggõ 29 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

32 LEXICON V-01_KITTÕ kittõ:kittõ 32 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ

Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

33 LEXICON V-01_RIʼDDÕ riʼddõ:riʼddõ 33 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

34 LEXICON V-01_KUTSÕ luʼggõ:luʼggõ 29 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

35 LEXICON V-01_LASKÕ luʼggõ:luʼggõ 29 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

35b LEXICON V-01_KÄSKÕ luʼggõ:luʼggõ 29 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

36 LEXICON V-01_AKKÕ luʼggõ:luʼggõ 29 This is mutual for 29-36: luʼggõ, muʼdžõ, vakțõ, kittõ, riʼddõ, kutsõ, laskõ, akkõ Prt ImprtI

Jus Kvo

participles

37 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_KUOŖŖÕ = kuoŗŗõ:kūoŗŗõ 38 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_VANNÕ = vannõ:vǭnnõ 39 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_PȮĻĻÕ = pȯļļõ:pūoļļõ 40 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_PȮIMÕ = pȯimõ:pūoimõ 41 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_OUŖÕ = ouŗõ:ōuŗõ 42 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_KEIJÕ = keijõ:kēijõ 43 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_AŖŠTÕ = aŗštõ:āŗštõ 44 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_PȮRTÕ = pȯrtõ:pūortõ 45 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_OUTÕ = outõ:ōutõ 46 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_TUNDÕ = tundõ:tūndõ 47 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

**LEXICON V-01_OUDÕ = oudõ:ōdõ 48 This is mutual for 37-48

Prt

participles

49 **LEXICON V-01_KŪLÕ = This is mutual for 49-50, 52-57 Prt +Act+PrfPrc Cond

50 arrõ:arrõ **LEXICON V-01_ARRÕ = This is mutual for 49-50, 52-57 Prt +Act+PrfPrc Cond

52 **LEXICON V-01_SVAʼRRÕ = This is mutual for 49-50, 52-57 Prt +Act+PrfPrc Cond

**LEXICON V-01_KĪTÕ = This is mutual for 49-50, 52-57 Prt +Act+PrfPrc Cond

**LEXICON V-01_ÄʼBȚÕ = This is mutual for 49-50, 52-57

Prt +Act+PrfPrc Cond

55 **LEXICON V-01_KŪLDÕ = This is mutual for 49-50, 52-57 Prt +Act+PrfPrc Cond

56 **LEXICON V-01_KĪSKÕ = This is mutual for 49-50, 52-57 Prt +Act+PrfPrc Cond

57 īedõ:īʼedõ **LEXICON V-01_ĪʼEDÕ = This is mutual for 49-50, 52-57 Prt +Act+PrfPrc Cond

58 umblõ:umbõlõ **LEXICON V-01_UMBLÕ = This is mutual for 58-61: umblõ, mõtlõ, mǟʼdlõ, naʼgrõ Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

58 erțļõ:erțõlõ **LEXICON V-01_ERȚĻÕ = This is mutual for 58-61: umblõ, mõtlõ, mǟʼdlõ, naʼgrõ Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

59 mõtlõ:umbõlõ **LEXICON V-01_MÕTLÕ = This is mutual for 58-61: umblõ, mõtlõ, mǟʼdlõ, naʼgrõ Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

60 mǟʼdlõ:mǟʼdõlõ **LEXICON V-01_MǞʼDLÕ = This is mutual for 58-61: umblõ, mõtlõ, mǟʼdlõ, naʼgrõ Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

61 naʼgrõ:naʼgõrõ **LEXICON V-01_NAʼGRÕ = This is mutual for 58-61: umblõ, mõtlõ, mǟʼdlõ, naʼgrõ Prt Imprt

Jus Qvo

participles

Nonfinites

**LEXICON GER_s =

**LEXICON GER_sõ =

**LEXICON INF_ZERO =

**LEXICON INF_dõ =

**LEXICON INF_da =

**LEXICON SUP-STEM_m =

**LEXICON SUP_m =

**LEXICON SUP_mõ =

**LEXICON ACTPRSPRC =

**LEXICON ACTPRFPRC_SG-d/PL-nõd =

**LEXICON ACTPRFPRC_SG-nd/PL-nõd = Are the singular and plural homonyms?

**LEXICON ACTPRFPRC_SG-nd/PL-nnõd = Are the singular and plural homonyms?

**LEXICON PSSPRSPRC =

**LEXICON PSSPRSPRC_b =

**LEXICON PSSPRSPRC_tõb =

**LEXICON PSSPRFPRCSG = 2014-08-21

**LEXICON PSSPRFPRCSG_d = 2014-08-21

**LEXICON PSSPRFPRCSG_tõd = 2014-08-21

Finites

**LEXICON INDPRS_tõ = Indicative present

**LEXICON INDPRT_ZERO = Indicative preterite in i

**LEXICON INDPRT_i = Indicative preterite in i

**LEXICON INDPRT_ztõ = Indicative preterite in z

**LEXICON INDPRT_zt/ztõ = Indicative preterite in z

**LEXICON INDPRT_žtõ = Indicative preterite in ž

**LEXICON INDPRTSG3-STEM_tõ =

**LEXICON COND = Conditional present

Indicative present

**LEXICON INDPRSSG1-STEM =

INDPRSSG1 ;
INDPRSSG2 ;
INDPRSSG3 ; these three lexica point to lexica with the actual suffixes.

Conditional

Imperative

Jussative

Quotative

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/affixes/verbs.lexc

src-fst-morphology-phonology.twolc.md

Livonian morphophonology

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

We first show alphabet and sets, thereafter rules.

Alphabet

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
ḑ ļ ņ ŗ š ț ž
Ḑ Ļ Ņ Ŗ Š Ț Ž
õ ä ö ȯ
Õ Ä Ö Ȯ
ā ē ī ō ū ǟ ǭ ȭ ȱ
Ā Ē Ī Ō Ū Ǟ Ǭ Ȭ Ȱ
ʼ Stød

Literal quotes and angles

They must be escaped (cf morpheme boundaries further down):

»7 «7 %[%>%] - Literal > %[%<%] - Literal <

Archiphonemes for consonant lengthening

%{XC%}:p %{XC%}:t %{XC%}:k
%{XC%}:b %{XC%}:d %{XC%}:g
%{XC%}:l %{XC%}:ļ %{XC%}:j
%{XC%}:m %{XC%}:n %{XC%}:ņ
%{XC%}:r %{XC%}:ŗ
%{XC%}:š %{XC%}:v %{XC%}:z %{XC%}:ž
%{õØ%}:õ in umblõ:umb%{õØ%}lõ

Triggers

%^PenVV2V:0 penultimate vowel shortening
%^Tense:0 = Tense stem will have stød if proper stem type
%^D2T:0 d:t veʼž:veʼd:vietā
%^PreI:0 i:0 veʼž:veʼd:vietā
%^ĪE2Ē:0 kēļ kīel
K1:k this k is not effected by gradation
%^NoGrad:0 This will be placed after a stem to break Gradation
%^CC2C:0 this weakens the stem ompel to ommel
%^TS:0 The ti => si
%^D2Ž:0 The *ti => *si
%^D2ZERO:0 The d => 0
%^Pen:0 penultimate syllable
%^U2ZERO:0 The u => 0
%^VV2V:0 shorten vowel

Vowel raising

%^VOWLower:0 lower vowel
%^VOWRaise:0 raise vowel
%^VowsSh1:0 vowel shortening in first syllable
%^VowsShU1:0
%^VowsShI1:0
%^VowsShIn1:0
%^DiphthSh1:0
%^VowsLI1:0 vowel lengthening that is followed by “i” when short
%^VowsLU1:0 vowel lengthening that is followed by “u” when short
%^VowsL1:0 vowel lengthening
%^DiphthL1:0
%^LongV2Õin2:0 long vowel to õ in second syllable
%^Vow2Iin2:0 vowel to i or ī in second syllable

Vowel metathesis

%^VowsMetath:0

VOWEL SHORTENING

%^VowShIn1:0 This causes vowel shortening in 1. syll
accompanied by coda consonant lengthening
%^A2ÕIn2:0 This causes 2. syll a => õ
%^StodRM:0
%^ConsSh:0
%^ConsSh:0 lengthen consonant
%^1Sh2L:0
%^Stress1to2:0
%^Stress2to1:0
%^UltRmVow:0 - for removing ultimate vowels i, ? after final consonant in stem
%^VowsMRM:0 Vow in middle ētam:eitmõd
%^VowsRM:0
%^ConsRM:0
%^ConsRM:0 laps:läpš
%^ConsRM:0
%^VowsL1aToǭ:0
%^VowsL1aToǭ:0 kīndõr:kīndiriž
%^VowsL1aToǭ:0 Hyphen in constructions
%^VowsL1aToǭ:0 morpheme boundary
%^VowsL1aToǭ:0 Word boundary for both lexicalised and dynamic compounds

Sets

VowBack = a o u A O U ;
VowFront = ä ö y ü Ä Ö Y Ü ;
VowNeutral = e i E I ;
VowNonHigh = a o ä ö e A O Ä Ö E ;
VowLong = ā ō ū ǟ ǭ ȭ ȱ ȫ ȳ ǖ ē ī Ā Ō Ū Ǟ Ǭ Ȭ Ȱ Ȫ Ȳ Ǖ Ē Ī ;
VowShort = a o u ä ǫ õ ȯ ö y ü e i A O U Ä Ǫ Õ Ȯ Ö Y Ü E I ;
Vow = VowLong VowShort ;
CnsWithStod = b d g j l ļ m n ņ r ŗ v z ž ;
Cns = b c č d ḑ f g ģ h j k ķ l ļ m n ņ p q r ŗ s š t ț v z ž B C Č D Ḑ F G Ģ H J K Ķ L Ļ M N Ņ P Q R Ŗ S Š T Ț V Z Ž ;
Letters = Vow Cns ;
Dummy = %^DePal %^CC2C %^ConsSh %^ConsL %^VOWLower %^PalatalizeLeft %^PenVV2V %^Pen %^VV2V %^U2ZERO %^VOWRaise %^ConsRM %^StodRM %^Stress1to2 %^VowsLI1 %^VowsSh1 %^VV2V %^VowsRM ;
DummyNoPen = %^DePal %^CC2C %^ConsSh %^ConsL %^VOWLower %^PalatalizeLeft %^VV2V %^U2ZERO %^VOWRaise %^ConsRM %^StodRM %^Stress1to2 %^VowsLI1 %^VowsSh1 %^VV2V %^VowsRM ;

Rule section

Vowel rules

Shortening in first syllable

Rule: ǟ:ä in first syllable

tǟutõ^PEN^VV2V
täutõ00
kǟnga%^VV2V%^A2ÕIn2 examples:*
kängõ00 examples:*

Rule: ā:a in first syllable

āļdža%^VV2V%^A2ÕIn2 examples:*
aļdžõ00 examples:*
āita%^PenVV2V%^VowsRM%>õ examples:*
ait000%>õ examples:*

Rule: ȱ:ȯ

vȱntsa%^VV2V%^VowsRM%>õ examples:*
vȯnts0000õ examples:*

Rule: ā:ī in second syllable plural

rikkā%^ConsSh%^Vow2Iin2>di examples:*
rik0ī000di examples:*

Rule: ū:ī in second syllable plural

ruzū%^Vow2Iin2>di examples:*
ruzī000di examples:*

Rule: ǭ:a in first syllable

Rule: ē:e in first syllable rēnaz+N+Sg+Gen:

rēinaz^Pen^VV2V^VowsRM^ConsRM>õ
rein000000>õ

Rule: ū:u in first syllable

jūo^VV2V>i
juo0>i

Rule: ū:ȯ in first syllable

pūol0a%^Stress1to2%^ConsL examples:*
pȯ0llõ00 examples:*
pūoga%^VV2V%^PalatalizeLeft%^VowsRM%>õ examples:*
pȯig00000õ examples:*

Rule: ī:i in first syllable

tīer0a%^VV2V%^A2ÕIn2 examples:*
tierrõ00 examples:*

Rule: ȭ:õ in first syllable

mȭuka%^VV2V%^VowsRM%>õ examples:*
mõuk0000õ examples:*

Rule: ō:o in first syllable rōda+N+Pl+Par

rōuda^VV2V^PalatalizeLeft^VowsRM>i
rouḑ0000>i

lengthen vowels

Rule: e:ē in first syllable

leiba%^VowsLI1%>st examples:*
lē0ba00st examples:*
tei%^VowsLI1%>ḑi examples:*
tē000ḑi examples:*

Rule: u:ū in first syllable

ul%^VowsLI1>õd examples:*
ūl00õd examples:*

Rule: ȯ:ū in first syllable

Rule: ä:ǟ in first syllable

VOWEL LENGTHENING

Rule: a:ǭ in first syllable

tam%^VowsL1aToǭõd examples:*
tǭm0õd examples:*

Rule: a:ā in first syllable

kand%^VowsLI1õd examples:*
kāndõd examples:*

Rule: o:ō in first syllable

ouki%^VowsLI1z examples:*
ō0ki0z examples:*

LOWER VOWELS Rule: ī:ē in tīe 15

tīʼe%^VOWLower%^StodRM%^VowsRM%>šti examples:*
tē000000šti examples:*
kīel^ĪE2Ē^PalatalizeLeft
kē0ļ00

Destressing in second syllable **Rule: ā:õ **

käp0ā%^ConsL%^LongV2Õin2 examples:*
käppõ00 examples:*
rik0āz%^Stress2to1%^ConsRM
rikkõ000

**Rule: a:õ **

tīer0a%^VV2V%^A2ÕIn2 examples:*
tierrõ00 examples:*

**Rule: ū:õ **

Rule: õ:i

ǭʼrõn%^Õ2I%^PalatalizeLeft examples:*
ǭʼriņ00 examples:*
nȭŗkõz%^Õ2I%>ist examples:*
nȭŗkiz00ist examples:*

VOWEL LOSS

Rule: ā:0

aʼmmā%^PalatalizeLeft%^ConsSh%^VowsRM%>ži examples:*
äʼm000000ži examples:*
aʼmā%^PalatalizeLeft%^ConsSh%^VowsRM%>ḑi examples:*
ä0m00000ḑi examples:*
daʼdzā%^Stress1to2%^VowsRM%>õ examples:*
daʼdz0000õ examples:*
maʼigāz%^StodRM%^VowsRM%^ConsRM>īst examples:*
ma0ig000000īst examples:*

Rule: ō:0

Rule: ū:0

Rule: ī:0

sīe%>i examples:*
s0e0i examples:*

Rule: a:0 rēnaz+N+Sg+Gen:

rēinaz^Pen^VV2V^VowsRM^ConsRM>õ
rein000000>õ

rōda+N+Pl+Par

rōuda^VV2V^PalatalizeLeft^VowsRM>i
rouḑ0000>i
jǭrra^VV2V^VowsRM>õ
jarr000>õ
pūol0a%^Stress1to2%^ConsL%^VowsRMõ examples:*
pȯ0ll0000õ examples:*
kǟnga%^VV2V%^PalatalizeLeft%^VowsRMi examples:*
keņg0000i examples:*

Rule: e:0

tīʼe%^VOWLower%^StodRM%^VowsRM%>šti
tē000000šti kēļ+N+Sg+Nom
kīel^ĪE2Ē^PalatalizeLeft
kē0l00

Rule: {õØ}:0

Rule: õ:0

kittõ%^ConsSh%^VowsRM%>dõd examples:*
kit00000tõd examples:*

Rule: i:0 in first syllable

leiba%^VowsLI1%>st examples:*
lē0ba00st examples:* līti+A+Der/Comp+Sg+Nom
līti^UltRmVow>õm
līt00>õm
tei%^VowsLI1%>ḑi examples:*
tē000ḑi examples:*
lǭija%^ConsSh examples:*
lǭ0ja0 examples:*
liestā%^VowShIn1%^PalatalizeLeft%^VowsRM%>i examples:*
l0ešt00000i examples:*
ūiska%^ConsSh examples:*
ū0ška0 examples:*

Rule: u:0 in second position of first-syllable diphthong

tǟutõ^PEN^U2ZERO^VowsRM>a>m
tǟ0t0000>a>m
ouki%^VowsLI1z examples:*
ō0ki0z examples:*
pǟuva%^ConsSh examples:*
pǟ0va0 examples:* lum+N+Sg+Par: snow/lumi
luʼm^Pen^VowsRM^StodRM^ConsRMūn
l0000000ūn

Rule: o:0 in second position of first-syllable diphthong


* pūol0a%^Stress1to2%^ConsL examples:*

* pȯ0llõ00 examples:*

Zero to vowel

Rule: 0:õ in vowel metathesis

Consonant rules

Consonant loss

Rule: shorten consonantism between 1st and 2nd vowel center jeʼllõ:jelāb

aʼmmā%^PalatalizeLeft%^ConsSh%^VowsRM%>ži examples:*
äʼm000000ži examples:*

Rule: g:0

Rule: l:0

Rule: m:0

Rule: z:0 rēnaz+N+Sg+Gen:

rēinaz^Pen^VV2V^VowsRM^ConsRM>õ
rein000000>õ
rik0āz%^Stress2to1%^ConsRM

Consonant lengthening

Lengthening consonantism between first and second vowel center simultaneous to reducing vowel of second syllable

Rule: %{XC%}:Cx

%{XC%}:p 2014-02-27

kep%{XC%}>õ examples:*
kepp0õ examples:*

%{XC%}:s 2020-10-21 tas+N+Sg+Ill

tas{XC}>õ
tass>õ

%{XC%}:ž 2014-02-27

veʼd%^D2Ž%{XC%}>i examples:*
veʼž0ž0i examples:*

%{XC%}:k 2014-02-27

rok%{XC%}>õ examples:*
rokk0õ examples:*

Rule: Stod removal left

daʼdzā%^Stress1to2%^VowsRM%>õ examples:*
daʼdz0000õ examples:* aʼb#sõʼnā+N+Sg+Nom:
aʼb#sõʼn%^StodRMā
aʼb#sõ0n0ā
ka0l0ā%^Stress2to1 examples:*
kaʼllõ0 examples:*

Rule: z:ž

alīz%^PalatalizeLeft%>i examples:*
alīž00i examples:*
izā%^PalatalizeLeft%^VowsRM%>ḑi examples:*
iž0000ḑi examples:*

Rule: d:ḑ lēʼḑ:līʼed 147 rōda+N+Pl+Par

rōuda^VV2V^PalatalizeLeft^VowsRM>i
rouḑ0000>i

Rule: ļ:l

Rule: l:ļ This rule should not require the %^ConsRM:0 trigger, but for now this makes it work. kēļ:kēl 215

äʼddõl%^PalatalizeLeft%>i examples:*
äʼddiļ00i examples:*
tuʼl%^StodRM%^PalatalizeLeft%>īž examples:*
tu0ļ000īž examples:*

Rule: n:ņ palatalization

Vē0na%^PalatalizeLeft%^VowsRMõ examples:*
Vein000õ examples:*
ǭʼrõn%^PalatalizeLeft examples:*
ǭʼriņ0 examples:*
vȱntsa%^VV2V%^PalatalizeLeft%^VowsRM%>ti examples:*
vȯņtš00000ti examples:* sēņ:sēn 220
kǟnga%^VV2V%^PalatalizeLeft%^VowsRMi examples:*
keņg0000i examples:*

Rule: r:ŗ jūŗ:jūr 221

ǟrga^VV2V^VOWRaise^PalatalizeLeft^VowsRMi examples:*
eŗg0000i examples:*

Rule: d:t

kittõ%^ConsSh%^VowsRM%>dõd examples:*
kit00000tõd examples:* nominative plural
v0eʼd%^PreI%^StodRM%^D2T examples:*
vie0t examples:*

Rule: d:ț

Rule: d:ž

Rules for consonant loss

Rule: d:0 Vow: (ʼ:) (Cns:+) _ (%^Pen: %^VowsRM:|%^VOWRaise:) (%^PreI: %^StodRM:|%^VowsLI1:|%^StodRM:) [%^D2ZERO:0|%^ConsRM:] ;

P loss before subsequent morpheme with underlying

T loss before subsequent morpheme with underlying initial d

kittõ%^ConsSh%^VowsRM%>dõd examples:*
kit00000tõd examples:*

Rule: k:0

rikkā%^ConsSh%^Vow2Iin2di examples:*
rik0ī00di examples:*

Rule: š:0

Rule: ț:0

Rule: s:š palatalization

liestā%^VV2V%^PalatalizeLeft%^VowsRM%>i examples:*
l0ešt00000i examples:*
pȯ0is%^VowsLI1õd examples:*
pūo0š0õd examples:*

Rule: ǟ:ē palatalization

Rule: ǟ:e short and palatalization

kǟnga^VV2V^VOWRaise^VowsRMi
keņg0000i
nǟʼ^VV2V^VOWRaise^StodRM>i>z
ne000>i>z

Rule: ä:e short and palatalization

Rule: ǭ:ä palatalization

Rule: a:ä palatalization

aʼmā%^PalatalizeLeft%^ConsSh%^VowsRM%>ḑi examples:*
äʼm00000ḑi examples:*

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc

src-fst-morphology-root.lexc.md

Morphology

INTRODUCTION TO THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSER OF LIVONIAN.

List of the multichar symbols

The morphological analyses of wordforms in Livonian are presented in this system in terms of the symbols declared below.

(It is highly suggested to follow existing GiellaLT standards when adding new tags).

The parts-of-speech are:

+A = adjective
+Adp = adposition
+Adv = adverb
+CS = subordinating conjunction
+CC = coordinating conjunction
+Interj = interjection
+N = noun
+Num = numeral
+Pcle = particle
+Pr = preposition
+Po = postposition
+Pron = pronoun
+Qnt = quantifier
+V = verb

Parts of speech are further split up into:

Nouns

+Prop = proper nouns

Pronouns

+Dem = demonstrative
+Indef = indefinite
+Interr = interrogative
+Pers = personal
+Recipr = reciprocal
+Refl = reflexive
+Rel = relative

Nominals are inflected for Number and Case

Number

+Sg = singular
+Pl = plural

Case

+Abe = abessive
+Abl = ablative case
+Ade = adessive
+All = allative
+Dat = dative case
+Ela = elative
+Ess = essive
+Exe = exessive
+Gen = genitive case
+Ill = illative
+Ine = inessive
+Ins = instrumental -KÕKS
+Instr = instructive -IN
+Lat = Lative
+Nom = nominative case
+Par = partitive
+Prl = prolative
+Tra = translative
+Voc = Vocative

Possession is marked as such:

+PxSg1
+PxSg2
+PxSg3
+PxPl1
+PxPl2
+PxPl3

The comparative forms are:

+Pos
+Comp
+Superl

Numerals are classified under:

+Attr
+Card
+Ord

Verb moods are:

+Cond = conditional
+Ind = indicative
+Imprt = imperative
+ImprtII
+Jus = jussitive
+Quo = quotative, quoted speech

Tenses

+Prs
+Prt

Voice

+Act = active
+Pss = passive

Verb personal forms are:

+Sg1 = first person singular conjugation
+Sg2 = second person singular conjugation
+Sg3 = third person singular conjugation
+Pl1 = first person plural conjugation
+Pl2 = second person plural conjugation
+Pl3 = third person plural conjugation

Other verb forms are

+ConNeg = connegative, main verb complement to Neg,
+Ger = gerund
+Inf = infinitive
+Neg = verb of negation эзь, аволь, иля
+Prc = participle CHECK! how is this used ?
+PrsPrc
+PrfPrc
+Sup
+VGen
+VAbess
+Aux = Auxiliary verb

Verbs are syntactically split according to transitivity:

+TV = Transitive verb
+IV = Intransitive verb

Usage extents are marked using following tags:

+Err/Orth
+Err/Orth-õ-i is õ should be i lītõm should be lītim 2025-09-09
+Use/-Spell
+Use/NG no generation

Abbreviated words are classified with:

+ABBR containing period
+ACR acronyms, not containing period

Special symbols are classified with:

+CLB
+PUNCT
+LEFT
+RIGHT +MIDDLE

Special multiword units are analysed with:

+Multi

Normative/prescriptive compounding tags

(to govern compound behaviour for the speller, ie what a compound SHOULD BE):

The first part of the component may be ..

+CmpN/Sg Sg
+CmpN/SgN SgNominative
+CmpN/SgG SgGenitive
+CmpN/PlG PlGenitive
+Prefix

This entry / word can …

+CmpNP/All - … be in all positions, default, this tag does not have to be written
+CmpNP/First - … only be first part in a compound or alone
+CmpNP/Pref - … only first part in a compound, NEVER alone
+CmpNP/Last - … only be last part in a compound or alone
+CmpNP/Suff - … only last part in a compound, NEVER alone
+CmpNP/None - … not take part in compounds
+CmpNP/Only - … only be part of a compound, i.e. can never be used alone, but can appear in any position

Non-dictionary words can be recognised with:

+Guess

Question and Focus particles:

+Qst
+Foc
+Sem/Act Activity
+Sem/Amount Amount
+Sem/Ani Animate
+Sem/Aniprod Animal Product
+Sem/Body Bodypart
+Sem/Body-abstr siellu, vuoig?a, jierbmi
+Sem/Build Building
+Sem/Build-part Part of Bulding, like the closet
+Sem/Cat Category
+Sem/Clth Clothes
+Sem/Clth-jewl Jewelery
+Sem/Clth-part part of clothes, boallu, sávdnji…
+Sem/Ctain Container
+Sem/Ctain-abstr Abstract container like bank account
+Sem/Ctain-clth
+Sem/Curr Currency like dollár, Not Money
+Sem/Dance Dance
+Sem/Dir Direction like GPS-kursa
+Sem/Domain Domain like politics, reindeerherding (a system of actions)
+Sem/Drink Drink
+Sem/Dummytag Dummytag
+Sem/Edu Educational event
+Sem/Event Event
+Sem/Feat Feature, like Árvu
+Sem/Feat-phys Physiological feature, ivdni, fárda
+Sem/Feat-psych Psychological feauture
+Sem/Feat-measr Psychological feauture
+Sem/Fem Female name
+Sem/Food Food
+Sem/Food-med Medicine
+Sem/Furn Furniture
+Sem/Game Game
+Sem/Geom Geometrical object
+Sem/Group Animal or Human Group
+Sem/Hum Human
+Sem/Hum-abstr Human abstract
+Sem/Ideol Ideology
+Sem/Lang Language
+Sem/Mal Male name
+Sem/Mat Material for producing things
+Sem/Measr Measure
+Sem/Money Has to do with money, like wages, not Curr(ency)
+Sem/Obj Object
+Sem/Obj-clo Cloth
+Sem/Obj-cogn Cloth
+Sem/Obj-el (Electrical) machine or apparatus
+Sem/Obj-ling Object with something written on it
+Sem/Obj-rope flexible ropelike object
+Sem/Obj-surfc Surface object
+Sem/Org Organisation
+Sem/Part Feature, oassi, bealli
+Sem/Perc-cogn Cognative perception
+Sem/Perc-emo Emotional perception
+Sem/Perc-phys Physical perception
+Sem/Perc-psych Physical perception
+Sem/Plant Plant
+Sem/Plant-part Plant part
+Sem/Plc Place
+Sem/Plc-abstr Abstract place
+Sem/Plc-elevate Place
+Sem/Plc-line Place
+Sem/Plc-water Place
+Sem/Pos Position (as in social position job)
+Sem/Process Process
+Sem/Prod Product
+Sem/Prod-audio Audio product
+Sem/Prod-cogn Cognition product
+Sem/Prod-ling Linguistic product
+Sem/Prod-vis Visual product
+Sem/Rel Relation
+Sem/Route Name of a Route
+Sem/Rule Rule or convention
+Sem/Semcon Semantic concept
+Sem/Sign Sign (e.g. numbers, punctuation)
+Sem/Sport Sport
+Sem/State
+Sem/State-sick Illness
+Sem/Substnc Substance, like Air and Water
+Sem/Sur Surname
+Sem/Symbol Symbol
+Sem/Time Time
+Sem/Tool Prototypical tool for repairing things
+Sem/Tool-catch Tool used for catching (e.g. fish)
+Sem/Tool-clean Tool used for cleaning
+Sem/Tool-it Tool used in IT
+Sem/Tool-measr Tool used for measuring
+Sem/Tool-music Music instrument
+Sem/Tool-write Writing tool
+Sem/Txt Text (girji, lávlla…)
+Sem/Veh Vehicle
+Sem/Wpn Weapon
+Sem/Wthr The Weather or the state of ground

Semantics are classified with

Homonymy

+Hom1
+Hom2
+Hom3
+Hom4

Derivations are classified under the morphophonetic form of the suffix, the source and target part-of-speech.

+V→N
+V→V
+V→A
+Der/xxx
+Der/A for example present participle to adjective
+Der/VN
+Der/NomAct
+Der/NomAg
+NomAct
+NomAg

Symbols that need to be escaped on the lower side (towards twolc):

»7: Literal »

«7: Literal «

 %[%>%]  - Literal >
 %[%<%]  - Literal <

Morphophonology

To represent phonologic variations in word forms we use the following symbols in the lexicon files:

{aä} back/front a
{oö} back/front o
{uü} back/front u
{uü} for consonant lengthening
%{õØ%} in umblõ:umb%{õØ%}lõ

And following triggers to control variation

%^PenVV2V penultimate vowel shortening
%^ĪE2Ē kēļ:kīel
%^Pen penultimate syllable
%^U2ZERO The u => 0
%^VV2V shorten vowel
%^CC2C weak-grade stem
%^Õ2I vowel change in stem
{front} = front vowels
{back} = back vowels
%^Tense = Tense stem will have stød if proper stem type
%^ConsL = Consonant lengthening
%^1Sh2L =
%^D2T d:t veʼž:veʼd:vietā
%^PreI i:0 veʼž:veʼd:vietā
%^VowShIn1 This causes vowel shortening in 1. syll accompanied by coda consonant lengthening
%^A2ÕIn2 This causes 2. syll a => õ
%^ConsSh =
%^Stress1to2 =
%^Stress2to1 =
%^VowsSh1 = vowel shortening in first syllable
%^VowsShU1 =
%^VowsShIn1 =
%^DiphthSh1 =
%^VowsLI1 = Vowel lengthening
%^VowsLU1 =
%^VowsL1 =
%^LongV2Õin2 = long vowel to õ in second syllable
%^Vow2Iin2 = vowel to i or ī in second syllable
%^VowsõToi kīndõr:kīndiriž
%^DiphthL1 =
%^D2Ž = The *ti => *si
%^D2ZERO The d => 0
%^VOWLower lower vowel
%^VOWRaise = Vowel raising
%^VowsMetath = vowel metathesis in verbs
%^UltRmVow - for removing ultimate vowels i, ? after final consonant in stem
%^VowsMRM Vow in middle ētam:eitmõd
%^VowsRM =
%^ConsRM =
%^StodRM = for removing Stød
%^PalatalizeLeft =
%^PalatalizeLeft
%^VowsL1aToǭ = a » ǭ

Flag diacritics

We have manually optimised the structure of our lexicon using following flag diacritics to restrict morhpological combinatorics - only allow compounds with verbs if the verb is further derived into a noun again: | @P.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @D.NeedNoun.ON@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised | @C.NeedNoun@ | (Dis)allow compounds with verbs unless nominalised

For languages that allow compounding, the following flag diacritics are needed to control position-based compounding restrictions for nominals. Their use is handled automatically if combined with +CmpN/xxx tags. If not used, they will do no harm. | @P.CmpFrst.FALSE@ | Require that words tagged as such only appear first | @D.CmpPref.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering ENDLEX | @P.CmpPref.FALSE@ | Block these words from making further compounds | @D.CmpLast.TRUE@ | Block such words from entering R | @D.CmpNone.TRUE@ | Combines with the next tag to prohibit compounding | @U.CmpNone.FALSE@ | Combines with the prev tag to prohibit compounding | @P.CmpOnly.TRUE@ | Sets a flag to indicate that the word has passed R | @D.CmpOnly.FALSE@ | Disallow words coming directly from root.

Use the following flag diacritics to control downcasing of derived proper nouns (e.g. Finnish Pariisi -> pariisilainen). See e.g. North Sámi for how to use these flags. There exists a ready-made regex that will do the actual down-casing given the proper use of these flags. | @U.Cap.Obl@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj. | @U.Cap.Opt@ | Allowing downcasing of derived names: deatnulasj.

Root lexicon

The word forms in Livonian start from the lexeme roots of basic word classes

adjectives ;
adpositions ;
adverbs ;
conjunctors ;
interjections ;
nouns ;
particles ;
pronouns ;
propernouns ;
quantifiers ;
verbs ;
Abbreviation ;
Acronym ;
Punctuation ;
Symbols ;
EXCEPTIONS ;
A_NEWWORDS ; This is for feeding new adjectives
ADV_NEWWORDS ; This is for feeding new adverbs
N_NEWWORDS ; This is for feeding new nouns
PROP_NEWWORDS ; This is for feeding new propernouns
V_NEWWORDS ; This is for feeding new verbs
QUESTIONABLEMISC_NEWWORDS ; This is for feeding new words of questionable status

Lexica for words that are not inflected

These are but here for the time being

adverb lexicon

LEXICON ADV_KĒRATÕKS
LEXICON ADV_KǬRAND
LEXICON ADV_IRM

Interjections lexicon

pcle-mod lexicon

pcle-lexicon

This is used in compounding, e.g. äʼb-:äʼb

LEXICON K is the clitic lexicon, but no clitica here, only #.

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/root.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-acronyms.lexc.md

Acronyms Livonian acronyms …

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/acronyms.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-adjectives_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. A_ “(eng) /(est) /(fin) /(lav)” ;

LEXICON A_NEWWORDS are commented out in root.lexc, comment in as needed ADD NEW ADJECTIVES BELOW

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adjectives_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-adverbs_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. ADV_ “(eng) /(est) /(fin) /(lav)” ;

LEXICON ADV_NEWWORDS are commented out in root.lexc, comment in as needed ADD NEW ADVERBS BELOW

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/adverbs_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-exceptions.lexc.md

Exceptions are quite strange word-forms. the ones that do not fit anywhere else. This file contains all enumerated word forms that cannot reasonably be created from lexical data by regular inflection. Usually there should be next to none exceptions, it’s always better to have a paradigm that covers only one or few words than an exception since these will not work nicely with e.g. compounding scheme or possibly many end applications.

the verbs of negation have partial inflection:

äʼb: äb+V+Aux+Neg+Ind+Prs+Sg1
iʼzt: äb+V+Aux+Neg+Ind+Prt+Pl2
iʼzt: äb+V+Aux+Neg+Ind+Prt+Pl3
aʼlgid: äb+V+Aux+Neg+Imprt+Pl2

Some verbs only have few word-forms left:

piḑīm:
piḑīks:

The verb lǟdõ has irregular forms:

lekš:
li:

The verb vȱlda has irregular forms:

uʼm:
ūo:

PRONOUNS

PROPER NOUNS

NOUNS partitive for morfa demo

NUMERALS testing

testing what is this

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/exceptions.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-nouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. N_ “(eng) ear/(est) /(fin) /(lav)” ;

LEXICON N_NEWWORDS are commented out in root.lexc, comment in as needed ADD NEW NOUNS BELOW

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/nouns_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-propernouns_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. PROP_ “(eng) ear/(est) /(fin) /(lav)” ;

LEXICON PROP_NEWWORDS are commented out in root.lexc, comment in as needed

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/propernouns_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-questionablemisc_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. V_ “(eng) ear/(est) /(fin) /(lav)” ;

LEXICON QUESTIONABLEMISC_NEWWORDS are commented out in root.lexc, comment in as needed

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/questionablemisc_newwords.lexc

src-fst-morphology-stems-verbs_newwords.lexc.md

This is where new words are added as lexc entries before they are added to the xml source files. V_ “(eng) ear/(est) /(fin) /(lav)” ;

LEXICON V_NEWWORDS are commented out in root.lexc, comment in as needed Add new verbs below

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/stems/verbs_newwords.lexc

src-fst-phonetics-txt2ipa.xfscript.md

retroflex plosive, voiceless t ʈ 0288, 648 ( = ASCII 096) retroflex plosive, voiced dɖ 0256, 598 labiodental nasal F ɱ 0271, 625 retroflex nasal n ɳ 0273, 627 palatal nasal J ɲ 0272, 626 velar nasal N ŋ 014B, 331 uvular nasal N\ ɴ 0274, 628

bilabial trill B\ ʙ 0299, 665 uvular trill R\ ʀ 0280, 640 alveolar tap 4 ɾ 027E, 638 retroflex flap rɽ 027D, 637 bilabial fricative, voiceless p\ ɸ 0278, 632 bilabial fricative, voiced B β 03B2, 946 dental fricative, voiceless T θ 03B8, 952 dental fricative, voiced D ð 00F0, 240 postalveolar fricative, voiceless S ʃ 0283, 643 postalveolar fricative, voiced Z ʒ 0292, 658 retroflex fricative, voiceless s ʂ 0282, 642 retroflex fricative, voiced z` ʐ 0290, 656 palatal fricative, voiceless C ç 00E7, 231 palatal fricative, voiced j\ ʝ 029D, 669 velar fricative, voiced G ɣ 0263, 611 uvular fricative, voiceless X χ 03C7, 967 uvular fricative, voiced R ʁ 0281, 641 pharyngeal fricative, voiceless X\ ħ 0127, 295 pharyngeal fricative, voiced ?\ ʕ 0295, 661 glottal fricative, voiced h\ ɦ 0266, 614

alveolar lateral fricative, vl. K alveolar lateral fricative, vd. K\

labiodental approximant P (or v) alveolar approximant r\ retroflex approximant r` velar approximant M\

retroflex lateral approximant l` palatal lateral approximant L velar lateral approximant L
Clicks

bilabial O\ (O = capital letter) dental |
(post)alveolar !\ palatoalveolar =\ alveolar lateral ||
Ejectives, implosives

ejective > e.g. ejective p p> implosive < e.g. implosive b b< Vowels

close back unrounded M close central unrounded 1 close central rounded } lax i I lax y Y lax u U

close-mid front rounded 2 close-mid central unrounded @\ close-mid central rounded 8 close-mid back unrounded 7

schwa ə @

open-mid front unrounded E open-mid front rounded 9 open-mid central unrounded 3 open-mid central rounded 3\ open-mid back unrounded V open-mid back rounded O

ash (ae digraph) { open schwa (turned a) 6

open front rounded & open back unrounded A open back rounded Q Other symbols

voiceless labial-velar fricative W voiced labial-palatal approx. H voiceless epiglottal fricative H\ voiced epiglottal fricative <\ epiglottal plosive >\

alveolo-palatal fricative, vl. s\ alveolo-palatal fricative, voiced z\ alveolar lateral flap l\ simultaneous S and x x\ tie bar _ Suprasegmentals

primary stress “ secondary stress % long : half-long :\ extra-short _X linking mark -
Tones and word accents

level extra high _T level high _H level mid _M level low _L level extra low _B downstep ! upstep ^ (caret, circumflex)

contour, rising contour, falling _F contour, high rising _H_T contour, low rising _B_L

contour, rising-falling _R_F (NB Instead of being written as diacritics with _, all prosodic marks can alternatively be placed in a separate tier, set off by < >, as recommended for the next two symbols.) global rise global fall Diacritics

voiceless 0 (0 = figure), e.g. n_0 voiced _v aspirated _h more rounded _O (O = letter) less rounded _c advanced _+ retracted _- centralized _” syllabic = (or _=) e.g. n= (or n=) non-syllabic _^ rhoticity `

breathy voiced _t creaky voiced _k linguolabial _N labialized _w palatalized ‘ (or _j) e.g. t’ (or t_j) velarized _G pharyngealized _?\

dental d apical _a laminal _m nasalized ~ (or _~) e.g. A~ (or A~) nasal release _n lateral release _l no audible release _}

velarized or pharyngealized _e velarized l, alternatively 5 raised _r lowered _o advanced tongue root _A retracted tongue root _q

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/phonetics/txt2ipa.xfscript

src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc.md

We describe here how abbreviations are in Liv are read out, e.g. for text-to-speech systems.

For example:

s.:syntynyt # ;
os.:omaa% sukua # ;
v.:vuosi # ;
v.:vuonna # ;
esim.:esimerkki # ;
esim.:esimerkiksi # ;

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-abbrevs2text.lexc

src-fst-transcriptions-transcriptor-numbers-digit2text.lexc.md

Starting work with ordinals

This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/transcriptions/transcriptor-numbers-digit2text.lexc

tools-grammarcheckers-grammarchecker.cg3.md

[ L A N G U A G E ] G R A M M A R C H E C K E R