The Ingrian morphophonological/twolc rules file

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

Alphabet

The letters

• a b d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s š t u v z ž ü ä ö
• A B D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S Š T U V Z Ž Ü Ä Ö
• ş ƶ y
• Ş Ƶ Y
• ь Sьktьvkar
• Ь

Vowel harmony with “(t)a/ä”

• AÄ1:a realised as a
• AÄ1:ä realised as ä
• AÄ1:0 deleted

Vowel harmony with “loi/löi” also kalatOÖ1in

• OÖ1:o
• OÖ1:ö

Vowel harmony with “ttu/tty”

• UY1:u
• UY1:y

this appears in the illative

• V1:a
• V1:e
• V1:i
• V1:o
• V1:u
• V1:y
• V1:ä
• V1:ö

These appear with the inessive and adessive

• V2:a
• V2:e
• V2:i
• V2:o
• V2:u
• V2:y
• V2:ä
• V2:ö

These reduplicate the preceding vowel if it in turn is preceded by a consonant

• V3:a
• V3:e
• V3:i
• V3:o
• V3:u
• V3:y
• V3:ä
• V3:ö
• V3:0

this k is not effected by gradation

• K1:k
• %^NoGrad:0 This will be placed after a stem to break Gradation

this weakens the stem ompel to ommel

• %^WGStem:0

The ti => si

• %^TS:0

Vowel raising

• %^RVws:0
• %- Hyphen in constructions
• %>:0
• hash is Word boundary for both lexicalised and dynamic compounds
• Cx these should probably not be declared
• Cy these should probably not be declared
• X these should probably not be declared
• Y these should probably not be declared
• %^LVws:0
• %^LCns:0
• %^WCns:0
• %^AtoO:0
• %^ÄtoÖ:0
• %^OddSyll:0
• %^StretchSyll2:0
• %^SyllBr:0
• %^E1:0

Sets

• VwsBack = a o u ;
• VwsFront = ä ö y ü ;
• VwsNeutral = e i ь ;
• VwsNonHigh = a o ä ö e ;
• Vws = a o u ä ö y ü e i ь ;
• Cns = b d f g h j k l m n p r s ş š t v z ƶ ž ;
• Letters = Vws Cns ;

Definitions

• Front Trigger

• Back Trigger

• Gradation strong to weak

• Short vowel

Right context for gradation

Rules

**RULE: StemVowLoss **

**RULE: StemALoss **

• osa%>^WCns%>i%>st
• os0000i0st

**RULE: StemAÄLoss **

RULE: StemULoss

• maa%>i%>n
• ma00i0n

RULE: i:Zero

RULE: i:j

• em0o0i%>%^LCnsAÄ1
• emmooj00a

RULE: a:e

RULE: ä:e

RULE: AÄ1:ä

RULE: AÄ1:a

RULE: OÖ1:ö

RULE: OÖ1:o

RULE: UY1:y

RULE: UY1:u

RULE: V1:aeouüäö

RULE: V1:e

RULE: V1:i

RULE: V2:aeiouüäö

RULE: V2:Zero

This deals with secondary or perhaps pertary vowel lengthening RULE: V3:a

RULE: V3:e

RULE: V3:i

RULE: V3:o

RULE: V3:u

RULE: V3:ä

RULE: V3:ö

RULE: V3:y

RULE: V3:Zero

RULE: V3:Zero

RULE: consonant lengthening RULE: j lengthening

Consonant weakening

RULE: Ut:vv Uk:vv weakening

RULE: 0:v Lengthening with Ut:vv weakening

RULE: it:j

RULE: st:ss weakening

RULE: rt:rr weakening

RULE: lt:ll weakening

RULE: nt:nn weakening

p

RULE: mp:mm weakening

RULE: nk:ng weakening

RULE: kToZero

RULE: kToj

RULE: Double stop:weakens tToZero

RULE: p:v

RULE: double pp to p

Vowel raising RULE: o:u ö:y in Inf

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc