The Faroese morphophonological file

This file documents the phonology.twolc file

Alphabet

Here we declare all symbols.

• a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z æ ø å

• á é ó ú í à è ò ù ì ä ë ö ü ï â ê ô û î ã ý þ ñ ð ß ç

• A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Æ Ø Å

• Á É Ó Ú Í À È Ò Ù Ì Ä Ë Ö Ü Ï Â Ê Ô Û Î Ã Ý þ Ñ Ð

• a2:a for invariant a, d.g. vulka2nskur -> vulkanskum
• g2:g for invariant g
• i2:i for invariant i
• j2:j for invariant j
• t2:t for invariant, non-deleted t, dráttri pro *drátri

• v2:v for invariant v

• a3:a a:ø for da3n -> dønum, where normal a:o.

• %^UUML:0 %^IUML:0 %^eIUML:0 %^ØUML:0 : Umlaut types ,
• %^W:0 %^JI:0 : Cns changes ,
• %^EPH:0 : Epenthesis, ,

• %^OEA:0 : ø to a

• %^GDEL:0 %^GGDEL:0 %^GVDEL:0 %^VDEL:0 %^JDEL:0 %^RDEL:0 : Cns deletion triggers,
• %^AB1:0 %^AB2:0 %^AB3:0 %^AB4:0 %^AB5:0 %^AB6:0 %^AB7:0 : Ablaut series ,

• %^aAB:0 %^uAB:0 : Ablaut series subcases

• %[<%] : Real less than
• %[>%] : Real greater than
• «7 : Real quote mark
• »7 : Real quote mark
• « » : Derivational morpheme borders
• %- : hyphen at word boundaries

Sets

Here we define some convenient sets.

• Vow = a e i o u y æ ø å á é ó ú í à è ò ù ì ä ë ö ü ï â ê ô û î ã ý ;
• Cns = b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x z ð þ ;
• Nas = m n ;
• NonNas = b c d f g h j k l p q r s t v w x z ð þ ;
• Dummy = %^UUML %^IUML %^eIUML %^W %^EPH %^JI %^OEA %^EDH %^VSH %^GDEL %^GGDEL %^GVDEL %^VDEL %^JDEL %^RDEL %^EIO %^OA %^WVV %^NGKK %^AB1 %^AB2 %^AB3 %^AB4 %^AB5 %^AB6 %^AB7 %^aAB %^uAB %^PASS %> ;
• Special = %^UUML %^IUML %^W %^EPH %^JI %^OEA %^GDEL %^GGDEL %^GVDEL %^VDEL %^JDEL %^RDEL ; Forgot why these are special…

Rules

These are the rules. After each rule (or rather: after many of the rules) there are test cases that are there to test whether the rules work.

Verschärfung

Rule: Deleting g

• Deleting g in gv Verschärfung I
• Deleting first g in ggj Genitive I
• Deleting second g in ggj Genitive II

• Deleting g in sting:stakst

• sting^NGKK^aAB>st
• stak0000st

Rule: ng to kk Part 1 changes n to k in ng:kk before ^NGKK trigger

Rule: ng to kk Part 2 changes g to k in ng:kk before ^NGKK trigger

Rule: Deleting v in gv sequences Verschärverung II gives v:0 for gv:00 before ^GVDEL and in some other contexts

Verschärfung tests:*

• bógv^IUML>i
• bøg000i
• flúgv^IUML^VDEL
• flýg000
• flúgv^VSH^VDEL>u
• flug0000u
• búgv^GVDEL>s
• bú0000s
• bógv^VDEL>s
• bóg000s
• skógv^GVDEL>m
• skó0000m
• skýggj^GGDEL>s
• ský00000s
• kríggj^GDEL>s
• kríg0000s
• sjógv^GDEL>ar
• sjó0v00ar

Rule: Deleting r in Genitive of ur stems

• brúður^EPH^RDEL>ar
• brúð00000ar

Rule: **Deleting m in um%>num **

Tests:

• ris>um>num
• ris0u00num
• skógv^GVDEL>m>num
• skó000000num

Rule: Deleting Double Consonant in Front of Consonant

The preceeding rule is fishy - the test cases below don’t fit the context requirements, and the >s# in the right context seems to indicate passive. The rule conflicts with the “Cns Deletion in front of Pass” rule at the end of the file - but only when using the Xerox tools! XXX - please have a look!

Tests:

• hjall>s
• hjal00s
• rygg>s
• ryg00s
• hjall>ar

• hjall0ar

• all>t
• al00t

Verbal Sandhi rules

Rule: Geminate Assimilation in Past Tense d

Rule: Geminate Assimilation in Past Tense t

Tests:

• send>di
• sen00di
• hirð>di
• hir00di
• sett>ti
• set00ti

Rule: ð Assimilation in Front of Dental Past Suffix -d(i)

• leið>di
• leid0di

Tests:

• leið>di
• leid0di
• greið>di
• greid0di
• ryð^WVV>di
• rud00di

Rule: Deleting Double Consonant in Front of Epenthesis mark

Tests:

• summar^EPH>i
• sum00r00i
• himmal^EPH^UUML>um
• him00l000um

Rule: Deleting stem-final s in s genitive

Tests:

• primus>s
• primus00
• primus>s
• primus00
• grís>s
• grís00

Rule: Double ð Deletion

Rule: ð Assimilation in Front of Supine Suffix -t

Tests:

• leið>t
• leit0t

Rule: Adjusting Dental Past Suffix -d(i)

Tests:

• keyp>di
• keyp0ti
• merk>di
• merk0ti

Adjectival sandhi rules

Rule: Adjective neuter after nlr 1

Rule: Adjective neuter after nlr 2

Tests:

• mikil^EPH>t
• miki000ð
• gamal^EPH>t
• gamal00t

Rule: t Deletion in Neuter

j rules

Rule: Deleting j

Tests:

• kríggj^GDEL>num
• kríg0000num
• beiggj^JI>i
• beigg000i
• verkj^JDEL>ur
• verk000ur
• heyggj>i
• heygg00i

Rule: Realising j in front of vowels

Tests:

• hylj2>ar
• hylj0ar

Vowel rules

Rule: Realising i2 as i

Tests:

Epenthetic vowel rules

Rule: Epenthetic deletion

Tests:

• økur^EPH^UUML>um
• øk0r000um
• lykil^EPH>an
• lyk0l00an
• aftan^EPH>
• aftan00
• vakin^EPH>ir
• vak0n00ir

Rule: U-umlaut of Epenthetic vowel

Tests:

• gamal^EPH^UUML
• gomul00
• gamal^EPH^UUML>u
• goml000u

Umlaut rules

Rule: U-umlaut in Front of Nasal

• tank^UUML
• tonk0

Tests:

• band^UUML
• bond00
• hamar^EPH^UUML>um
• hom0r000um

Rule: General U-umlaut

Tests:

• dag^UUML>um
• døg00um
• sag^UUML>a
• søg00a
• all^UUML>
• øll00

Rule: U-umlaut for akur

Tests:

• akur^EPH^UUML>um
• øk0r000um

Rule: I-umlaut

Tests:

• dag^IUML>i
• deg00i
• son^IUML>i
• syn00i
• bógv^IUML>i
• bøg000i
• ung^IUMLr>i
• yng0r0i
• fjørð^IUML>i
• f0irð00i

Rule: eI-umlaut for o:e, á:e, i:e

Rule: **I-umlaut for bróðir **

Rule: Inverted U-umlaut from ø

Tests:

• fløtt^OEAa
• flatt0a

Rule: Inverted U-umlaut from o

Tests:

• fonn^OA>ar
• fann00ar

Rule: o/ei-Umlaut I

Rule: o/ei-Umlaut II

Tests:

• dreing^EIO>i
• dro0ng00i

Vowel deletion rules

Rule: Vowel deletion in front of na

Verbal vowel alternation rules

Rule: Stem vowel change in Weak Verbs

Tests:

• flek^WVV>t
• flak00t
• flek^WVV>t
• flak00t
• vel^WVV>di
• val00di

Rule: Stem Vowel Shortening in Supine and Participle

Tests:

• bít^VSHin>a
• bit00n>a

Rule: Past tense singular diphthongs I

Rule: Past tense singular diphthongs II

Tests:

• b0ít^AB1
• beit0

Rule: Past tense singular monophthongs

Tests:

• gev^AB3
• gav0

Rule: Past tense plural monophthongs

Rule: Past tense plural monophthongs to a

Rule: Supine u

Rule: Supine o

Rule: Supine i

Rule: Present tense ý

Adjectival Sandhi rule

Rule: Vowel shortening in Neuter

Tests:

• góð>t
• got0t
• skjót>t
• skjót0t

Other rules

Morphological passive rules

Rule: u in ur Deletion in front of Pass

Rule: r Deletion in front of Pass

Rule: ð Deletion in front of Pass

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This (part of) documentation was generated from src/fst/morphology/phonology.twolc